（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 10 主旨大意-標題歸納題優(yōu)選習題

《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 10 主旨大意-標題歸納題優(yōu)選習題》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 10 主旨大意-標題歸納題優(yōu)選習題（18頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 十、主旨大意—— 標題歸納題 (2018·浙江，B) Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting

2、 is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收銀臺)．The bags are prohibited

3、 in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers’ arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to p

4、urchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusa

5、ble shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However，longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environ

6、mentalists don’t dispute(質(zhì)疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文，主要介紹了環(huán)境科學家史蒂文·斯坦支持提倡使用塑料袋的做法，由此引出了對于塑料袋、紙袋、可重復使用袋的討論。 24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A．Help increase grocery sales. B．R

7、ecycle the waste material. C．Stop things falling off trucks. D．Argue for the use of plastic bags. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，塑料購物袋制造商雇用像Stein這樣的科學家來說明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人認為的那樣對地球有那么大的危害，所以D項“據(jù)理支持使用塑料袋”正確。 25．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Bans on plastic bags. B．Ef

8、fects of city development. C．Headaches caused by garbage. D．Plastic bags hung in trees. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。畫線單詞所在句意為“看到這種‘逆風’，塑料購物袋制造商雇用像Stein這樣的科學家來說明他們的產(chǎn)品不像大多數(shù)人認為的那樣對地球有那么大的危害?！甭?lián)系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in...”可知，A項“禁止使用塑料袋”為正確選項。 26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags acc

9、ording to plastic-bag makers? A．They are quite expensive. B．Replacing them can be difficult. C．They are less strong than plastic bags. D．Producing them requires more energy. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息“可重復使用的購物袋的缺點”可定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“...longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”，這種可

10、長期重復使用的購物袋的生產(chǎn)需要更多的能源，故選D項。 27．What is the best title for the text? A．Plastic，Paper or Neither B．Industry，Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control 答案　A 解析　標題歸納題。本文主要敘述了三方面的內(nèi)容：塑料購物袋產(chǎn)生“白色垃圾”；塑料購物袋制造商想出了對策——用可重復使用的購物袋；環(huán)保專家希望塑料袋和紙袋都不用。故A項“塑料袋、紙袋或者兩者都

11、不用”可作為文章的最佳標題。 一、題型解讀 記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標題歸納題。設問形式常有： (1)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text? (3)What is the best title for this passage? (4)The most suitable title of this passage is

12、 . 一個好的標題應具備三大特點：概括——準確而又簡短；針對性——標題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。 二、解題技巧 1．“高度概括”定標題 (1)所選文章標題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標題往往比較醒目。 (2)一般文章的標題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實細節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。 2．文章標題三特點 (1)一般為單詞、短語或句子形式，短語居多； (2)短小精悍，精確性強； (3)涵蓋性強，能覆蓋全文大意。 例如：【真題感

13、悟】中第27題，要求概括標題，本文講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題；紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)成本高；環(huán)保專家認為塑料袋和紙袋都不要用。對這三個方面進行了對比，Plastic，Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引讀者，適合作為標題。 A (2018·河南六市第一次聯(lián)考) In the fall of 1988，I visited many Buddhist temples，but after a while they all began to 9fade from my memories.However，there was one temple that left a gr

14、eat impression in my heart. It is called the Temple of the Golden Buddha.After walking around it and taking some photos，I walked over to a glass case，next to which was a typewritten page describing the history of this magnificent piece of art. Back in 1957 a group of monks from a monastery(修道院) ha

15、d to 5relocate a 1clay Buddha from their temple to a new location.The monastery was to be relocated to make room for the development of a highway.When the crane(吊車) began to lift it，the weight of it was so large that it began to 2crack.What’s more，rain began to fall.The head monk decided to lower th

16、e statue back to the ground and cover it with a large oilcloth to protect it from the rain. Later that evening the head monk went to check on the Buddha.He shined his flash-light under the oilcloth to see if the Buddha was staying dry.As the light reached the crack，he noticed a little beam shining

17、back and thought it strange.As he took a closer look at this beam of light，he wondered if there might be something underneath the clay.He went to fetch a chisel and hammer from the monastery and began to chip away at the clay.As he knocked off pieces of clay，the little beam grew brighter and bigger.

18、Many hours of labor went by before the monk stood face to face with the extraordinary solid-gold Buddha. Historians believe that several hundred years before the head monk’s discovery，the army was about to invade the country.The monks，realizing that their country would soon be attacked，covered thei

19、r precious golden Buddha with an outer covering of clay in order to keep their treasure from being robbed by the enemy. Unfortunately，it appears that the enemy killed all the monks，and the well-kept secret of the golden Buddha remained uncovered until the day in 1957. As I flew home I began to thi

20、nk to myself，“We are all like the clay Buddha covered with a shell of hardness created out of fear，and yet underneath each of us is a ‘golden Buddha’，a ‘golden Christ’，or a ‘golden spirit’，which is our real self.Somewhere along the way，between the ages of two and nine，we begin to cover up our ‘golde

21、n spirit’，our natural self.Much like the monk with the hammer and the chisel，our task now is to discover our true spirit once again.” 語篇解讀　本文作者通過講述金佛寺中金佛不同尋常的歷史，說明我們都像被一層堅硬的外殼覆蓋著的泥佛，要發(fā)現(xiàn)自己真正的金色。 1．What made the monks cover the Buddha with a large oilcloth? A．Hiding it from being stolen. B．Prote

22、cting it from the rain. C．Protecting it from being damaged. D．Avoiding being seen. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“The head monk decided to lower the statue back to the ground and cover it with a large oilcloth to protect it from the rain.”可知，修道士們在金佛上蓋上一塊大油布是為了保護佛像不被雨淋。故選B。 2．Why was the author greatly i

23、mpressed by the golden Buddha? A．Because he likes it very much. B．Because it differs from others. C．Because of its history. D．Because of the protection of the monks. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段末句“...I walked over to a glass case，next to which was a typewritten page describing the history of this magni

24、ficent piece of art.”及下文的具體介紹可知，這個金佛給作者留下了深刻印象是因為它的不尋常的歷史。故選C。 3．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Visiting Buddhist Temples B．The Golden Buddha C．Protecting Their Country D．Relocating the Buddha 答案　B 解析　標題歸納題。作者通過講述金佛寺中的金佛出于保護被涂上一層粘土，經(jīng)雨淋后露出本來面目，揭開了其不同尋常的歷史。作者以此說明我們都像被一層堅硬的外殼覆蓋著的

25、泥佛，要發(fā)現(xiàn)自己真正的金色。“The Golden Buddha(金色的佛)”貫穿全文，適合作為標題。故選B。 4．What advice is given to us according to the passage? A．Covering up ourselves. B．Finding the truth. C．Discovering our true spirit. D．Building up our belief. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“our task now is to discover our true spirit once aga

26、in”可知，作者建議我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)自己真正的精神。故選C。 B (2018·山東棗莊一模) 3D printing is becoming more and more popular.We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers.But can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to 3revolutionize the dining experience by doing this.They ho

27、pe that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender. Scientists say that it’ll be quite easy：you simply have to select a 4recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer.You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it.This

28、means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals. Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment.There would be less need for traditional growing，transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient.For exa

29、mple,6alternative ingredients(原料) such as proteins from algae，beetroot leaves and insects could be 7converted into tasty products. Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder)．They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods s

30、o that they would not have trouble in swallowing them. However，some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster.It could take away many jobs，including those for growing，transporting and packaging food.Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and th

31、e same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”.8Likewise，traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business.Also，there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food：is it really possible to get the nutrients we need from food-based inks and gels(凝膠)? What’s more，cooking and eati

32、ng together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity.It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button. 語篇解讀　本文介紹了一項新技術——3D食物打印，它是一種能像打印文件一樣把食物“印”出來的技術。 5．Which of the following best describes 3

33、D food printing? A．Quick and popular. B．Easy and efficient. C．Nutritious and tasty. D．Soft and convenient. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.”可知，3D食物打印很快、很容易就能創(chuàng)造出好吃、有營養(yǎng)的食物。故選B。 6．Why do some think that 3D food printing

34、 would be a disaster? A．Traditional food would disappear. B．Many people could lose their jobs. C．It would affect the people’s health. D．We could all eat the same food. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“However，some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster.It could take away ma

35、ny jobs，including those for growing，transporting and packaging food.”可知，一些人認為3D食物打印在未來將會是一個災難，因為它會搶人們的飯碗——比如食物的種植、運輸、打包工作，故選B。 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．3D food printing will replace traditional cooking. B．The future of 3D food printing is uncertain. C．It would hurt our trad

36、ition of food culture. D．3D food printing would be a failure. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，烹飪和聚餐是人類的傳統(tǒng)活動，很難想象3D食物打印帶來的按鈕世界，由此可推知，3D食物打印的應用會破壞我們的傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。故選C。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Food Printing：Coming to the Kitchen B．Can 3D Printing Create Everything? C．3D

37、-Printing Food Will Be in Fashion! D．The Disadvantages of 3D Food Printing 答案　A 解析　標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文大意可知本文講述了一項新技術——即將進入廚房的3D食物打印。故選A。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1．The aged walls are made out of clay from the earth and wood.黏土 2．A gas main had a crack under my neighbour’s garage and gas had

38、 seeped into our homes.裂縫 3．Over the past forty years，plastics have revolutionized the way we live.徹底改變 4．It’s her turn to cook this evening so she looks up a recipe for tomato soup on the Internet.菜譜 (二)同義詞語替換 5．If the company was to relocate，most employees would move.remove 6．He said there is

39、 no alternative for him but to maintain order under any circumstances.choice 7．You can use these transformations to convert the data from one model to another.transform；shift 8．The fish were delicious. Likewise，the eggplant was excellent.Similarly (三)一詞多義 9．fade褪色；枯萎，凋謝；(逐漸)消失 (1)All memory of

40、the childhood faded from her mind.(逐漸)消失 (2)Coloured cloth often fades when it is washed.褪色 (3)The roses he planted in the garden faded after three days.枯萎，凋謝 Ⅱ.長難句理解 1．After walking around it and taking some photos，I walked over to a glass case，next to which was a typewritten page describing th

41、e history of this magnificent piece of art. [句式分析]　本句話是一個復合句，句子的主干部分I walked over to a glass case是簡單句的主謂結(jié)構；After walking around it and taking some photos是時間狀語；next to which was a typewritten page describing the history of this magnificent piece of art是定語從句，修飾a glass case；describing the history of t

42、his magnificent piece of art為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾a typewritten page。 [精美譯文]　圍著它走了幾圈并拍了幾張照片以后，我走向一個玻璃箱子，在它的旁邊是一張打印的紙張，描述了這件壯麗的藝術品的歷史。 2．They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them. [句式分析]　本句話是一個復合句，主句是簡單句的主謂賓結(jié)構；so tha

43、t they would not have trouble in swallowing them為目的狀語從句。 [精美譯文]　他們給打印機輸入程序，讓它打印出較軟的食物，以便他們吞咽的時候沒有困難。 專題強化練(二十四) Ⅰ.單項填空 1．To our great surprise，the little girl from the countryside because of her excellent English and quick wit after several rounds of competition. A．stood out B．picked

44、 out C．turned out D．came out 答案　A 解析　句意為：讓我們吃驚的是，這個來自鄉(xiāng)下的小女孩憑借出色的英語和敏捷的反應，在幾輪比賽后便脫穎而出。stand out突出；pick out挑出；turn out結(jié)果是；come out出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是。故選A。 2．There is growing concern among the parents using computers to write articles has a bad effect on children’s handwriting. A．what B．that C

45、．why D．when 答案　B 解析　句意為：家長們越來越擔心，用電腦寫文章會對孩子的書寫產(chǎn)生不良影響?？崭窈蟮木渥觾?nèi)容是對前面名詞concern的具體說明，且句意完整不缺成分，應用that引導同位語從句。故選B。 3．We have seen many wonderful strategies for the peace-loving people， China is bringing in solving the complicated problems. A．who B．where C．which D．when 答案　C 解析　句意為：我們已經(jīng)

46、看到中國正在為愛好和平的人民帶來許多解決復雜問題的良策。分析句子結(jié)構可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞strategies，關系詞在從句中作賓語，應用which，故選C。 4．Having wrestled with his for a whole night，the young man decided to go to the police station to confess his crime. A．conscience B．request C．privilege D．a(chǎn)ppetite 答案　A 解析　句意為：經(jīng)過一整夜的良心掙扎，這個年輕人決定

47、去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request請求，需要；privilege特權，優(yōu)待；appetite食欲，嗜好。故選A。 5．The economy of the country began to years after the big earthquake broke out. A．recycle B．recover C．count D．combine 答案　B 解析　句意為：在那場大地震爆發(fā)后的幾年里，這個國家的經(jīng)濟開始復蘇。recycle重復利用，循環(huán)；recover恢復，復原；count計數(shù)，有價值；combine聯(lián)合，

48、結(jié)合。這里的recover是熟詞新義，表示“從不愉快的事情中復原或恢復常態(tài)”的意思。故選B。 6．On Teachers’ Day，we all went to school to see our teachers. A．especially B．specially C．particularly D．a(chǎn)ttentively 答案　B 解析　句意為：教師節(jié)那天，我們專程到學校去看望老師。specially特別地，專門地，強調(diào)為了某一目的，符合題意。 7．The news that some provinces are going to cancel thei

49、r independent colleges in 2018 ，so situation will change. A．have been confirmed B．is confirming C．has been confirmed D．is being confirmed 答案　C 解析　句意為：部分省份打算在2018年取消三本院校的消息已經(jīng)得到證實，因此情況要有變化。由句意可知confirm的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響；又因news與confirm之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，故選C。 8．The Chinese govern

50、ment has been pushing various effective reforms all its citizens. A．in charge of B．for the purpose of C．in honor of D．for the benefit of 答案　D 解析　句意為：為了所有公民的利益，中國政府一直在推行各種有效的改革。in charge of掌管，負責；for the purpose of為了……(目的)；in honor of為了紀念……；for the benefit of為了……的利益。故選D。 9．—How did y

51、ou get the information，Helen? — ，but I’m not sure whether it is true or not. A．Don’t put on the dog B．A little bird told me C．Let the cat out of the bag D．I’m all ears 答案　B 解析　句意為：——你是怎么得到信息的，海倫？——聽別人說的，但我不能確定這是真的還是假的。Don’t put on the dog不要擺架子；A little bird told me聽別人說的；Let the cat out

52、 of the bag泄露秘密；I’m all ears洗耳恭聽。故選B。 10．Some subjects，such as math，physics and English，are for the senior high school students in China but some of them are unwilling to learn English. A．comparable B．compulsory C．considerable D．complex 答案　B 解析　句意為：一些學科，如數(shù)學、物理和英語，是中國高中生的必修課，但有些學生不愿

53、意學英語。comparable可比較的，比得上的；compulsory義務的，必修的，被強制的；considerable相當大的，重要的，值得考慮的；complex復雜的。故選B。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A Shenzhen traffic police recently posted a set of photos of the city’s first 3-D zebra crossing on Weibo， reported Sunday. Located on Lianhua Branch Road in Futian District，the zebra crossi

54、ng is about 30 meters away from the front entrance of the city’s traffic police bureau.Different from the ordinary zebra cossing，the 3-D version has added two colors.Blue blocks are added parallel to the white blocks.And yellow blocks are painted on the two ends.Therefore，whether seen from afar or n

55、earby，or from a vertical or horizontal angle，the three-colored zebra crossing looks like it’s rising up from the ground and is very eye-catching. The appearance of the city’s first 3-D zebra crossing has sparked a heated discussion among the public and netizens.“It looks like a deceleration(減速) bel

56、t from a distance.Vehicles will slow down in advance，so I think it has a certain effect on protecting pedestrians as they cross the street，” a taxi driver surnamed Zheng told reporters.He added，“For taxi drivers like us，most of us slow down or stop at zebra crossings，as we have driving experience.Bu

57、t for a novice driver or a driver who isn’t familiar with the road conditions，the zebra crossing could easily influence their judgment and make them stop in time.” However，one citizen，surnamed Huang，expressed some doubts.“When a driver sees this zebra crossing and is tricked by optical illusions，or

58、if the driver cannot notice it in a timely manner and has to slam on the brakes，but mistakes the accelerator for the brake，or steers the wheel abruptly，wouldn’t the consequences be more serious？” Huang said. Netizens have given mixed opinions about the 3-D zebra crossing.Advocates think that it is

59、a kind of innovation that can strengthen drivers’ awareness of needing to slow down and giving priority to the pedestrians.While opponents worry that drivers will be disturbed and the original intention will backfire by increasing new security risks. It has been reported that 3-D zebra crossings ar

60、e not new things，and have already appeared in many cities in China. 11．Why does the 3-D zebra crossing in Shenzhen feature three colors? A．To make it more striking. B．To classify passengers by color. C．To relieve the stress of passers-by. D．To indicate different road conditions. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理

61、解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這條3-D斑馬線新增了藍、黃兩種顏色，因此人們無論是從遠處還是從近處，從垂直的角度還是從水平的角度看，它都像是從地面上凸起的，非常引人注目。由此可知，應選A項。 12．What may the taxi driver surnamed Zheng think of the 3-D zebra crossing? A．Dangerous. B．Confusing. C．Ridiculous. D．Effective. 答案　D 解析　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段可知，這位姓鄭的司機認為這條3-D斑馬線從遠處看起來就像是一個減速帶，司機會提前減速，這在保護行人方面

62、有一定的效果，且他認為這條3-D斑馬線很容易影響司機的判斷，讓他們能夠及時停下來。由此可推知，他認為這條3-D斑馬線是有效的(Effective)。 13．Which is the best title of the passage? A．3-D Zebra Crossings Are Popular Worldwide B．The First 3-D Zebra Crossing Appeared in Shenzhen C．How Different People React to 3-D Zebra Crossings? D．Why 3-D Zebra Crossings Ca

63、n Catch People’s Eye Quickly? 答案　B 解析　標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Shenzhen traffic police recently posted a set of photos of the city’s first 3-D zebra crossing on Weibo， reported Sunday.”可知，本文主要介紹的是出現(xiàn)在深圳的第一條3-D斑馬線。故選B項。 B (2018·山東淄博一模) The Detroit Symphony Orchestra will be performing works by Georges B

64、izet on Friday morning.You might enjoy classical music and like to attend the performance，but live far away from America’s Motor City. On Saturday，the GoGo group Curtis Johnson is performing at the Kennedy Center in Washington D．C.If you live overseas，going to that show is probably out of the quest

65、ion. But there is a solution! These and other concerts are available “l(fā)ive” on the Internet.You can hear them in real time with an electronic device. Both performances will be available on the World Wide Web.They are part of a growing number of concerts broadcast on computers，tablets and smart pho

66、nes.These digital concerts are known as live-streaming. Technology expert Michael Antonoff says better and less costly equipment is making it easier for performers and theaters to offer music “l(fā)ive” online.“The quality of the sound and video pictures are improving all the time，”he says.“Those online concerts now have as many as 40,000 viewers per show.People in 100 nations are watching.It is a huge part of our increasing global reach.” “For international performers，Kennedy