2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2板塊 專題3 完形填空 第2節(jié) 五大解題技法學(xué)案（含解析）

《2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2板塊 專題3 完形填空 第2節(jié) 五大解題技法學(xué)案（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2板塊 專題3 完形填空 第2節(jié) 五大解題技法學(xué)案（含解析）（8頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 第2節(jié) 五大解題技法 技法一　利用上下文暗示解題 [解題技法分述] 在多數(shù)空白前后的上下文中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)或多或少的設(shè)空依據(jù)，就是所謂的“伏筆”或“暗示”。考生在閱讀過程中會(huì)根據(jù)這些伏筆或暗示，或順勢(shì)對(duì)下文進(jìn)行推測(cè)，或逆向?qū)ι衔倪M(jìn)行推導(dǎo)，心中往往能預(yù)判出答案，并且在閱讀過程中對(duì)預(yù)想答案不斷進(jìn)行修正。 [經(jīng)典案例分析] 　(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course，called Thinkin

2、g Chess，for three credits.I41.jumped at the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，I'd always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I weren't 43 enough about free credits，news about our44.instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an

3、international grandmaster，which45.meant I would be learning from one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to47.meet him. 42．A.waste 　B．earn C．save 　D．pay 43．A.excited 　B．worried C．moved 　D．tired 46．A.fastest 　B．easiest C．best 　D．rarest [思路分析]　根據(jù)第一句的a“free”course可知課程是免費(fèi)的，我欣然接受，畢竟誰不想節(jié)省幾美

4、元呢？故42空選 C ；根據(jù)44空后面的appealing可知，即使我對(duì)自由學(xué)分不感興趣，可是關(guān)于這門課程教師的消息卻對(duì)我有足夠的吸引力，故43空選 A ；根據(jù)45空前的an international grandmaster可知他是一位國際大師，這意味著我將師從最佳國際象棋選手之一，故46空選 C 。 　(2018·江蘇高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers'

5、fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(診斷)with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ，only pain relief. Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide. 36．A.drawn up 　B．used up C．backed up 　D．kept up 37．A

6、.mild 　B．common C．preventable 　D．serious 38．A.cure 　B．luck C．care 　D．promise 39．A.business 　B．walking C．bus 　D．rail [思路分析]　根據(jù)36空后面的to pay lawyers' fees可知，為了支付律師的費(fèi)用，他們的積蓄都用光了，故36空選 B ；根據(jù)38空后面的only pain relief可知，只能緩解疼痛，沒法治愈，這說明疾病很嚴(yán)重，故37空選 D ，38空選 A ；根據(jù)39空后面的an old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide可知，他們決

7、定作一次徒步旅行，故39空選 B 。 技法二　利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題 [解題技法分述] 完形填空的文章雖短，但卻是一個(gè)意義完整、上下關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，所討論的是同一主題，所以行文中的替代現(xiàn)象和詞語重復(fù)是不可避免的。詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一詞以原詞、指代詞、同義詞、反義詞、概括詞等出現(xiàn)在語篇中，句子通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)得到了相互銜接。完形填空的某個(gè)空白處的答案可能就是上下文復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，據(jù)此可快速找出正確答案。 [經(jīng)典案例分析] 　(2018·天津高考)I learned this lesson from a(n)17.experience many years ago.I took the head

8、 18 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program. It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didn't even practice to 20.prepare for the game.Being the

9、coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated. 18．A.operating 　B．editing C．consulting 　D．coaching 19．A.successful 　B．excellent C．strong　 　D．new [思路分析]　根據(jù)20空后面的Being the coach of the new team可知，我擔(dān)任新隊(duì)的教練，那么通過coach的復(fù)現(xiàn)我們可鎖定18空選 D

10、 ；根據(jù)19空前的old可知，老隊(duì)和新隊(duì)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽是一種傳統(tǒng)，這樣通過old的反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)可鎖定19空選 D ，后面old和new的再次出現(xiàn)更加印證了答案。 　(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman.But 41.restrictions apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 . Jordan Axani,28，said he and hi

11、s then girlfriend，Elizabeth Gallagher，booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May，but their 43.relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44.go to waste.The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可轉(zhuǎn)讓)45.policy，but since passport information was not required when 46 ，any Can

12、adian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47.use it. 42．A.origin 　B．passport C．a(chǎn)ccent 　D．friend 46．A.applying 　B．booking C．checking 　D．bargaining [思路分析]　根據(jù)45空后面的passport information was not required可知，當(dāng)時(shí)不需要提供護(hù)照信息，只要有護(hù)照就能夠申請(qǐng)，故42空選 B ；根據(jù)43空前面的booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May可知，在

13、五月訂購了一張打折很多的機(jī)票，故46空選 B 。 技法三　利用習(xí)慣搭配解題 [解題技法分述] 完形填空經(jīng)常在文章中考查詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，主要考查動(dòng)詞與名詞、代詞之間，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞與介詞之間的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解題的重要手段。 [經(jīng)典案例分析] 　(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this48. job was no game for him; he meant business.In his introduction，he mad

14、e it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50.pass the class， among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52.eventually，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53.course and learned life less

15、ons that have served me well beyond the54.classroom. 49．A.real 　B．perfect C．clear 　D．possible 51．A.add 　B．expose C．a(chǎn)pply 　D．compare [思路分析]　49空所在的句子說，在他的介紹中，他明確表示這些學(xué)分不容易得到。make ...clear意為“把……說清楚”為固定短語，故49空選 C ；51空所在的句子說，為了通過這門課，我們必須寫一篇論文，講述我們?nèi)绾斡?jì)劃將在課堂里所學(xué)的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于未來的職業(yè)中。apply ...to ...“將……應(yīng)用于……之中

16、”，為固定短語，故51空選 C 。 　(2018·北京高考)Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8,000.“I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in t

17、he street; he's had job 34.offers and all sorts，” Mr.Anderson commented. 32．A.borrow 　B．raise C．save 　D．earn 33．A.of 　B．a(chǎn)t C．for 　D．in [思路分析]　32空所在的句子說，Mr.Anderson在網(wǎng)上發(fā)起一個(gè)活動(dòng)為Mr.Smith和其他無家可歸的人籌錢。raise money“籌錢”為固定短語，故32空選 B ；33空所在的句子說，我認(rèn)為大家向他表示出的信任感動(dòng)了他。faith常和介詞in搭配，show faith in意為“對(duì)……表示信任”，故33

18、空選 D 。 技法四　利用邏輯關(guān)系解題 [解題技法分述] 文章的段與段、句與句之間通常具有一定的語義關(guān)系，如：并列關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系，遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，目的關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系等。完形填空經(jīng)常會(huì)考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的這些語義關(guān)系的把握。因此，理清文章的語義關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵。 [經(jīng)典案例分析] 　(2018·北京高考)Mr.Anderson said: “I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26.when he could

19、 have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27 he didn't take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 .It's unbelievable.It just proves there are 29.honest guys out there.” 27．A.rather 　B．yet C．a(chǎn)lready 　D．just 28．A.too 　B．though C．a(chǎn)gain

20、 　D．instead [思路分析]　27和28空所在的句子說，這個(gè)人一無所有，但是他沒有拿走錢包，他考慮的是別人，沒有考慮自己。27空前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，and yet相當(dāng)于but，故27空選 B ；28空表示的是選擇關(guān)系，表示“替代”，故28空選 D 。 　(2017·浙江高考)The books are in every language — new books，ancient books， 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old. She had asked the gov

21、ernment for 41 to move the books to a 42.safe place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands. 40．A.then 　B．still C．even 　D．rather 41．A.permission 　B．confirmation C．explanation 　D．information [思路分析]　40空所在的句子在語義上表示遞進(jìn)，“有新書、古書，甚至還有700年前有關(guān)伊拉克歷史的書籍”，故40空選 C ；42空后有but，應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)

22、“但是他們拒絕了”，可知，她請(qǐng)求過政府的允許，故41空選 A 。 技法五　利用情景排除解題 [解題技法分述] 完形填空的某些設(shè)空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏筆”或“暗示”的，這時(shí)就要求考生對(duì)空白前后的情景進(jìn)行合理想象，然后用排除法確定正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中必有一正確選項(xiàng)。 [經(jīng)典案例分析] 　(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Through the years，I'd run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after

23、his 52.graduation from high school and remained the same 53.caring person I met forty years before.Once，while working overnight at a store，he let a homeless man 54.sleep in his truck.Another time，he 55 a friend money to buy a house. 51．A.assessments 　B．comments C．instructions 　D．updates 55．A.pa

24、id 　B．charged C．lent 　D．owed [思路分析]　51題在文中找不到伏筆或暗示，但根據(jù)前后的情景可知，作者這些年不時(shí)地會(huì)碰到以前的學(xué)生，他們會(huì)給他提供些老學(xué)生們的“新信息(updates)”，這樣就可排除A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，故51題選 D ；根據(jù)55空白后的“朋友買房”，可判定他借給了朋友一些錢，故55題選 C 。 　(2016·四川高考)Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you don't want to read it，give it 54.back.Maybe your mom would 55 hear

25、ing the story.”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter， 56 were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little 57.louder.” 55．A.enjoy 　B．a(chǎn)dmit C．mind 　D．finish 56．A.decisions 　B．requests C．comments 　D．promises [思路分析]　55和56題

26、在文中找不到伏筆或暗示，但根據(jù)前后的情景還是能推出答案的。55空前面說讓小孩把書歸還，“或許你的媽媽喜歡(enjoy)聽這個(gè)故事”，其他選項(xiàng)明顯與前后情景不符，可排除，故55題選 A ；56空后面的“Please read a little 57.louder.”是一個(gè)祈使句，明顯是表示“要求(requests)”，可很容易地排除其他選項(xiàng)，故56題選 B ?！? (2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(裝置)on your desk.And t

27、hey've never actually 21 you.Everything they know about you 22 through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 25 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 26 .For years I dealt with my t

28、ravel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met 27 ， got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really 28 me.I sometimes wished to 29 another agent. One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran int

29、o Rani's office 31 .The woman sitting at the desk， 32 my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 33 smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 34 immediately.“What a wonderful lady！”I thought. Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder，“By the way, w

30、hat's your name？”“I'm Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 37 ！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 38 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Rani's 39 —her war

31、m smile, her nods，her ‘I'm here for you’ 40 —were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires. 21．A.accepted 　B．noticed C．heard 　D．met 22．A.came 　B．moved C．ran 　D．developed 23．A.Thus 　B．Yet C．Then 　D．Indeed 24．A.rather 　B．a(chǎn)lso C．just 　D．a(chǎn)lready 25．A.telephone 　B．voice C．connectio

32、n 　D．impression 26．A.direct 　B．useful C．easy 　D．a(chǎn)ccurate 27．A.in person 　B．by myself C．in public 　D．on purpose 28．A.annoyed 　B．interested C．discouraged 　D．confused 29．A.promote 　B．train C．find 　D．know 30．A.arrange 　B．postpone C．confirm 　D．book 31．A.for the first time 　B．a(chǎn)t any time C．fro

33、m time to time 　D．in good time 32．A.expecting 　B．seeing C．testing 　D．a(chǎn)voiding 33．A.shy 　B．comforting C．familiar 　D．forced 34．A.bill 　B．form C．ticket 　D．list 35．A.hopefully 　B．disappointedly C．gratefully 　D．regretfully 36．A.careful 　B．serious C．nervous 　D．pleasant 37．A.amused 　B．worried C

34、．helpless 　D．speechless 38．A.calm 　B．nice C．proud 　D．clever 39．A.forgiveness 　B．eagerness C．friendliness 　D．skillfulness 40．A.explanation 　B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．concept 　D．behavior 21．D　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段“Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met”可知，“他們從來沒有見過(meet)你”。 22．A　情景排除。他們對(duì)你的了解全部通過這臺(tái)裝置，有時(shí)是來自數(shù)百英里之外。co

35、me from“來自”，符合語境。 23．B　邏輯關(guān)系。前文說他們對(duì)你的了解全部通過這臺(tái)裝置，后文說他們覺得能夠通過你的聲音了解你，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 24．C　情景排除?！暗撬麄冇X得僅僅(just)需要聽到你的聲音就能了解你?！? 25．A　上下文暗示。文章開頭說到“that little device”，下文提到“only by phone”和“travel through wires”，故選telephone。 26．D　情景排除。由上下文情景可知“電話功能雖強(qiáng)大，但不總是準(zhǔn)確(accurate)”。 27．A　習(xí)慣搭配、上下文暗示。in person“親自”；never met

36、 in person與上文的faceless相呼應(yīng)。 28．A　情景排除。雖然該旅行代理人總能給作者最低價(jià)格，但她冷冰冰的聲音讓他不開心(annoyed)。 29．C　情景排除。作者對(duì)瑞妮冷冰冰的語氣很是氣惱，有時(shí)希望另外找(find)個(gè)代理人。 30．D　上下文暗示、習(xí)慣搭配。由后面的“a family emergency”可知，作者家中有急事，需馬上坐飛機(jī)回家，book a flight“預(yù)訂機(jī)票”。 31．A　上下文暗示。作者之前與瑞妮從來沒有見過面，因此這是第一次(for the first time)進(jìn)入她的辦公室。 32．B　情景排除。作者已經(jīng)進(jìn)入瑞妮的辦公室，所以坐在桌

37、旁的瑞妮看到(see)了他著急的樣子。 33．B　上下文暗示。由上文sympathetically和后文her warm smile可知她給了我一個(gè)寬慰的(comforting)微笑。 34．C　上下文暗示。由上文的an immediate flight home可知是給作者打印飛機(jī)票(ticket)。 35．C　情景排除。作者遇到這么熱心的旅行代理人，當(dāng)然是心存感激(gratefully)。 36．D　上下文暗示。此處與下文的a big smile，waving to wish me a safe trip相呼應(yīng)，故選pleasant“令人愉悅的”。 37．D　情景排除。作者最初對(duì)瑞妮產(chǎn)生誤解，現(xiàn)在看到她這么熱心，竟一時(shí)不知道該說什么(speechless)了。 38．B　情景排除。“我之前怎么會(huì)認(rèn)為她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是這么友好(nice)”。 39．C　邏輯關(guān)系。破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)該空格的解釋，故friendliness(友好)最符合語境。 40．B　情景排除。上文“我在這里為你服務(wù)”應(yīng)屬于工作態(tài)度(attitude)。 8