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1、2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Cultural relics 語法探究 新人教版必修2
定語從句可分為限制性定語從句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定語從句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause),下面將這兩類定語從句作一比較。
一、限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,對它有限制作用。因此,不可缺少,否則會影響全句的意義。限制性定語從句前一般不用逗號。例如:
There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers.
有許多東西將會
2、使英國讀者不愉快。
I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.
我永遠不會忘記我們在公園相見的那一天。
Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?
附近有可以買到水果的商店嗎?
Do you know the reason why I came late?
你知道我遲到的緣故嗎?
“限制”是指概念上的限制,把一般的概念限制為特定的概念。所以,本身已經(jīng)十分特殊的名詞,如專有名詞、帶有形容詞性物主代詞或是形容詞性指示代詞作限定詞的名詞詞組,其后的定語從句通常都
3、是非限制性的。例如:
Her mother, who had long suffered from arthritis, died last year.
她母親去年去世,此前她長期患有關(guān)節(jié)炎。(因mother前有限定詞her,使用非限制性定語從句為宜。)
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
這本小說很動人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
在限
4、制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞如果作賓語,可以省略。例如:
We have got the instrument (that) we need. 我們買到了所需要的儀器。
二、非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句與所修飾的名詞(先行詞)關(guān)系松馳,只提供有關(guān)該名詞的補充情況或附加說明。即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。書寫時,往往用逗號與主句分開。例如:
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten ye
5、ars.
我又來到了波士頓,我有十年沒有到這里來了。
非限制性定語從句形式上是從句,其功能實質(zhì)上相當于一個分句。有時,甚至可以將其譯成狀語從句。例如:
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.
后來他遇到了瑪麗,瑪麗邀請他去參加晚會。(who實際上=and she)
When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics.
他17歲時,到瑞士蘇黎世一??茖W校
6、上學,他在那里學習數(shù)學和物理學。(where=and there)
We don’t like the room, which is cold.
我們不喜歡那個房間,它很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)
He said he was busy, which was untrue.
他說他很忙,其實不然。(which was untrue=though it was untrue)
We need him, who knows some English.
我們需要他,他懂些英語。(who knows some English=for he kno
7、ws some English)
非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能省略,that和why不可引導非限制性定語從句。例如:
Wang Xin, whom Lao Li knows well, is our group leader.
王欣是我們的組長,小李對他很了解。(該句中whom不可省略,亦不可為that取代)
which和as引導的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個主句或主句的一部分,as從句還可置于主句之前。例如:
He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
他星期天得工作,這是他不喜歡的。
As you know, the
8、 work is very difficult.你們知道,這項工作很難。
which和whom在引導非限制性定語從句時常和of或其他介詞連用。例如:
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大部分都已滿載,周圍是一大群憤怒的人。
Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.
她的兩個兒子都在國外工作,每周都給她打電話。
which引導非限制性定語從句有時可作定語。例如:
Tom spe
9、nt four years in college, during which time he learned French.
湯姆在大學待了四年,在此期間他學了法語。
I may have to go into hospital, in which case I won’t be going on holiday. 我可能得住院,如果那樣我就不去度假了。
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
正如我們所知,地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
as指代后面一句話的內(nèi)容,這時只能用as,因為which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于句末,而
10、as引導的非限制性定語從句既可放在句末,也可置于句中或句首。如上面的句子還可以寫作:
The earth, as we know, goes around the sun.
此外as在引導非限制性定語從句時,有“正如、似”的含義,所以下列結(jié)構(gòu)中多用as:
as has been said above 如上所述 as anybody can see 正如人人所看到的那樣
as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣
[典例解析]
① He was much kinder to his youngest son th
11、an to others,______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
[解析]本題考查非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面的整個句子,which所引導的句子對前面主句起補充說明作用。做題時,先排除B.C兩項,因為它不能引導非限制性定語從句,
而A項只能引導先行詞是人的定語從句。
答案:D
② ______is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
[解析]此題考查定語從句,放在句首只能用as。若選A應(yīng)為:It is known to everybody
that the moon…
答案:B