2022年高三英語(yǔ)《非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教案

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1、2022年高三英語(yǔ)《非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教案 KEY POINT 1：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類：(1) to do (2) doing (3) done (1)不定式的形式： 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng) 一般式 to write to be written 進(jìn)行式 to be writing / 完成式 to have written to have been written 否定式 not + (to) do eg. He wants to be an artist. Th

2、e teacher ordered the work to be done. He seems to be reading in his room. I happened to have seen the film. (2)動(dòng)名詞的形式： 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定式 not + doing e

3、g. Seeing is believing. He came to the party without being invited. We remembered having seen the film. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. I regret not following his advice. NOTES:復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：one’s doing He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?

4、 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語(yǔ)給他帶來(lái)許多麻煩。 (3)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式： 現(xiàn)在 及 物 動(dòng) 詞 write 不及物動(dòng)詞go 分詞 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 writing being written going 完成式 having written having been written having gone 否定式 not + doing They went to the park,

5、singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. NOTES:一般式表明動(dòng)作伴隨于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作；完成式表明動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。 KEY POINT 2：非謂V & 謂語(yǔ)V 1.非謂V與謂語(yǔ)V的相同點(diǎn)(主(邏輯)賓狀+時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 2.非謂V與謂語(yǔ)V

6、的不同點(diǎn)：(非謂V=N/adj/adv) (1)N: to do/doing (2)adj:to do/doing/done (3)adv:to do/doing/done KEY POINT 3:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能： 句子成分 非謂語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 不定式 ü ü ü ü ü ü 動(dòng)名詞 ü ü ü （極少） ü 現(xiàn)在分詞 ü ü ü ü 過(guò)去分詞 ü ü ü ü (1)作主語(yǔ): (Not) to do/doing+V+... 1.To finis

7、h the work in ten minutes is very hard. 2.To lose your heart means failure. (尾重原則)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it作形式主語(yǔ)： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. It’s no use quarrelling. 做表語(yǔ)：S+LV+(not) to do/doing/done 1. Her job is to clean the hall.

8、 2. He appears to have caught a cold. 3. In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 4. The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 5. The present situation is inspiring. NOTES: be + doing (1)表進(jìn)行 (2)系表結(jié)構(gòu)(S=O) 6. The were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

9、NOTES:be + done (1)系表結(jié)構(gòu) (2)表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)） 7.Vi的done不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如： boiled water fallen leaves newly arrived goods the risen sun the changed world（變了的世界） 這類過(guò)去分詞有：gone, e, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, return

10、ed, passed等。 (3)作賓語(yǔ)：Vt+to do/doing A. to do (want/hope/wish/offer/fail/plan/learn/pretend/refuse/manage/help-) B. wh to do (know/decide/find out/forget/learn/remember/ /think/understand, wonder) S+Vt + C. it adj to do (find) D.doing (deny/endure/esca

11、pe/resist/suggest/enjoy/finish/avoid/excuse/ ---) E. it noun doing (find) NOTES: A. (+to do) want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer. (S+V+it+O補(bǔ)+to do) Marx found it important to study the situation in Rus

12、sia. He gave us some advice on how to learn English. B.(+doing)deny, endure, escape, resist, suggest，enjoy, finish, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help,

13、think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…（from）,protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, object to, insist on, feel like，get down to; pay attention to; look forward to; stick to; turn to; be used to (doing sth); prefer… to…; devote oneself to;

14、see to. They haven’t finished building the dam. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. (S+V+it+O補(bǔ)+doing) We found it no good making fun of others. C.(+to do/doing) 忘記悔意。忍不住繼續(xù)嘗試。 D.want/need/require/deserve(be worth)+V-ing = V+ to be done (主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)) (4)作賓補(bǔ)

15、：S+Vt+sb+do/to do/doing/done A. to do（謂語(yǔ)：want/wish/ask/tell/order/beg/permit/help/advise,） B. do（謂語(yǔ)：see/watch/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe/have/let/make--） S+Vt +sb + C. doing（謂語(yǔ)：see/watch/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe--） D. done（謂語(yǔ)：see/watc

16、h/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe--） NOTES: A.(+to do) want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)連用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema. (+do)make, let, see, wa

17、tch, hear, feel, have. I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. B.(+doing)see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch。 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. C.

18、(+done) I heard the song sung several times last week. 有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞做with短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： With the work done, they went out to play. (5)作定語(yǔ)：N.+to do/doing/done A. to do (主謂/動(dòng)賓+將來(lái)) B. doing (主謂+進(jìn)行) N + C. done (動(dòng)賓+完成) D. being don

19、e (動(dòng)賓+進(jìn)行) E. to be done (動(dòng)賓+將來(lái)) NOTES: (1)A,E的區(qū)別：選A在句中有do的邏輯主語(yǔ)，選D在句中無(wú)do的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 N+to do (V+O)： 1. I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞 2. He found a good house to live in. 3. The child has nothing to worry about. 4. What did you

20、 open it with? (N為time/place/wa, 可以省略介詞) 5. He has no place to live. 6. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者，不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式： 7. Have you got anything to sent? 8. Have you got anything to be sent? (S+V)： 10. He is the first to get here.

21、 (3)動(dòng)名詞(定)+N. a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag 現(xiàn)在分詞(定)+N & N + doing he changing world In the following years he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. done+N & N+done the changed world developed countries a crowded

22、 room illness caused by the accident the photos taken in the zoo； 作狀語(yǔ)： 1.狀語(yǔ)前置： A. (Not )To do（主謂/目的） B. (Not )Doing（主謂/時(shí)間，原因，條件和讓步） C. (Not )Having done（主謂/謂語(yǔ)之前的動(dòng)作） + S + V + ... D. (Not )Done（動(dòng)賓/原因，時(shí)間，條件，讓步和伴隨） E. (Not )Having been done（動(dòng)賓/謂語(yǔ)之前的動(dòng)作） NOTES: DE的區(qū)別為E的動(dòng)作明顯在主句動(dòng)作之前。而

23、D并不強(qiáng)調(diào)。 (2)與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格（doing/done）： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. All books retur

24、ned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 2.狀語(yǔ)后置： A. (not )to do （主謂/目的不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)/結(jié)果） S + V+ ... B. (not )doing （主謂/伴隨，結(jié)果和目的） C. (not )done （動(dòng)賓/伴隨，結(jié)果和目的） NOTES:這種句式不用CE做狀語(yǔ) KEY POINT 4:非

25、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用注意事項(xiàng) 1. to do中to的省略： (PHRASE+do)：had better, would rather, why not, cannot help but, rather than, other than等。 In that case, there is nothing you can do _________ than wait. A. more B. other C. better D. any Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicy

26、cle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 2. to do中do的省略： (1)(be adj to): happy, glad, ready, eager, anxious等。 ─I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ─Not at all. _______________. A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’

27、d like it D. I’d be happy to (2)(Vt+sb+to)：ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, wish, permit, allow等。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to (3)(Vi+to)：like, love, wish, mean, want, refuse

28、, try, advise, persuade?等。 ─Will you go to the theatre, Miss Brown? ─Sorry, ____________. A. I want B. I don’t want to C. I’m glad to D. I’d like (4)(... to)，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to, be going to等后也可省略不定式。 ─Alice, why didn’t you e yesterday? ─I _________, but I

29、had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 3.doing/done作獨(dú)立成分(GPS+consider) given (that)意為“假設(shè)；如果；考慮到”；providing / provided (that) 意為“假定”；supposing / suppose (that)意為“假如”；considering (that) 意為“考慮到”；seeing (that) 意為“既然”等。 ________ the general state of his health, i

30、t may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的實(shí)用技巧 　　技巧一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式 　　1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ______ for a space flight. (xx江西卷) 　　A. training??????????? B. being trained?? ???C. to

31、have trained?? ? D. to be trained 　　【解析】答案選D。由于被訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行航空飛行是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。 　　2. ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugarand 175 g flour.(xx廣東卷) 　　A. Having made??????B. Make????????????? C. To make?????????????D. Making 　　【解析】答案選C。由于是表示目的，故要用不定式，句意為：為了

32、要做這塊蛋糕，你需要2只雞蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。 　　技巧二：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義 　　1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _______ in Beijing in xx. (xx四川卷) 　　A. hold????????????????B. holding????????? ?C.held??????????????? D. to be held 　　【解析】答案選D。由于xx年奧

33、運(yùn)會(huì)尚未舉行，故要用不定式。 　　2. There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. (xx上海卷) 　　A. waited???????????? B. to wait??????????? C. waiting???????? ??D. wait 　　【解析】答案選C。由于表示“正在等”，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。 　　3. “Things ______never e again!” I couldn’t help talk

34、ing to myself. (xx湖南卷) 　　A. lost?????????????????B. losing??????????? C. to lost??????????????D. have lost 　　【解析】答案選A。因things與動(dòng)詞lose之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 　　注：受the first, the second…the last修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如： 　　—The last one ______pays the meal. 　　—Agreed! (xx全國(guó)I) 　　A. arrived ??????????????B. a

35、rrives ??????? ????C. to arrive ??? ???? D. arriving 　　【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)樵趖he first, the second, the third, …, the last等結(jié)構(gòu)后習(xí)慣上要接不定式作定語(yǔ)，又如：I’d be the first to admit I might be wrong.?我愿第一個(gè)承認(rèn)我可能錯(cuò)了。You are the second to make that mistake.?你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。 　 技巧三：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞 　　1. As the light turned green,

36、 I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going todo. (xx湖南卷) 　　A. moved?????????????B. moving????????????? C. to move???????????? D. being moved 　　【解析】答案選B。由于與句子主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)兒，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒(méi)動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。 　　2. Peter received a letter just now ______ his gr

37、andma would e to see him soon. (xx四川卷) 　　A. said?????????????? ? B. says????????????????????C. saying ?????????????? D. to say 　　【解析】答案選C。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨，又如：A card came yesterday saying Sue will arrive tomorrow.?昨天收到的明信片上說(shuō)，休明天到。Alan received a telegram saying his father was ill.?埃倫收到一封電報(bào)，說(shuō)是他父親生病了。 　　3

38、. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (xx江蘇卷) 　　A. saying??????????????B. said???????????????????C. to say??????????????????D. having said 　　【解析】答案選A。現(xiàn)在分詞saying在此表示伴隨。 　　4. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or

39、 basketballs, ______ that all children like these things. (xx全國(guó)III) 　　A. thinking??????????????B. think????????????????C. to think???????????????D. thought 　　【解析】答案選A?，F(xiàn)在分詞thinking在此表示伴隨。 ? 　　技巧四：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是：一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)主要用于某些特定句式中 　　1. The glass doors have taken the place of

40、 the wooden ones at the entrance, _____ in the natural light during the day. (xx天津卷) 　　A. to let???????????????????B. letting????????????? C. let?????????????????????? D. having let 　　【解析】答案選B。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果。又如：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place.?大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。 　　2. Oil pric

41、es have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (xx山東卷) 　　A. have reached????????B. reaching????????????C. to reach???????????? D. to be reaching 　　【解析】答案選B。伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 　　注：在enough to do sth,too…to do sth, only to do sth等特定

42、句式中，習(xí)慣上要用不定式表示結(jié)果。如： 　　1. He hurried to the booking office only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out. (xx陜西卷) 　　A. totell????????????????? B. to betold???????????? ?C.telling??????????????? D. told 　　【解析】答案選B。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 　　2. He hurried to the station only ______ that the

43、train had left. (xx廣東卷) 　　A. to find???????????????? B. finding???????????????? C. found????????????????D. to have found 　　【解析】答案選A。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 　　技巧五：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 　　1. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had

44、 to struggle ______. (xx浙江卷) 　　A. to be heard????????? B. to have heard????????C. hearing??????????????D. being heard 　　【解析】答案選A。根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。 　　2.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____. (xx湖北卷) 　　A. to spend??????????????B. spe

45、nt????????????????????C. being spent????????? D.spending 　　【解析】答案選B。由于money與spend之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 　　3. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (xx山東卷) 　　A. being given??????????? B. is given???????????

46、????C. given???????????????? D. was given 　　【解析】答案選C。由于title與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，?故用過(guò)去分?詞。 　　技巧六：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致 　　?1. Faced with a bill for $10, 000, ______.(xx陜西卷) 　　A. John has taken an extra job?????????????????B. the boss has given john an extra job 　　C. an extra job has been taken????

47、?????????????D. an extra job has been given to John 　　【解析】答案選A。由于(be) faced with的邏輯主語(yǔ)是John，故答案只能選A。 　　2. While watching television, _____. (xx全國(guó)卷III) 　　A. the door bell rang??????????????????????????????B. the doorbell rings 　　C. we heard the doorbell ring????????????????? D. we heard the doorbe

48、ll rings 　　【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是we，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。 ? 　　技巧七：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式） 　　1. _____from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (xx湖北卷) 　

49、　A. Being separated??????????????????????????????????B. Having separated?????? 　　C. Having been separated????????????????????????D. To be separated 　　【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。 　　2. The manager, _____it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, le

50、ft the meeting room. (xx江西卷) 　　A. who has made??????? B. having made? ? C. made?????????????????D. making 　　【解析】答案選B。因?yàn)門he manager與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)left之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，having made…相當(dāng)于who had made…的意思。 　　技巧八：對(duì)于固定搭配，原則上按搭配習(xí)慣處理 　　1. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on t

51、ime. (xx四川卷) 　　A. Faced ??????????????????B.Face??????????????C.Facing??????????????? D. To face 　　【解析】答案選A。(be) faced with為固定搭配，其意為“面對(duì)”，又如：They are all faced with the same problem.?他們都面臨同樣的問(wèn)題。 　　2. _____ in a whiteuniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (xx湖南卷) 　　A. Dressed?????????????? B. To dress????????C. Dressing??????????????D. Having dressed 　　【解析】答案選A。(be) dressed in為固定搭配，其意為“穿著……”，句中的Dressed in…表原因，相當(dāng)于As he isdressed in…的意思。