（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（含解析）

《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（含解析）（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點(diǎn)七　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．We ________ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight． 答案：would be enjoying　句意：要不是耽擱了航班，我們現(xiàn)在正在三亞享受陽(yáng)光。根據(jù)后面的“now”和“if it were not for ．．．”可知，此處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀況的虛擬，故主句用would be doing。 2．When I was small, my mom ________ read me stories at

2、night． 答案：would　句意：當(dāng)我小時(shí)候，我母親常常在晚上給我讀故事。would “過(guò)去常常”，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的行為。 3．The accident ________ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don't know for sure． 答案：might　句意：事故可能是由一條橫穿馬路的狗引起的，但我們不確定。分析句子可知，本句是對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，可能性不大，故填might。 4．He looked so hungry as though he ________ (eat) a decen

3、t meal for a month． 答案：hadn't eaten　句意：他看起來(lái)如此餓好像已有一個(gè)月沒(méi)有吃過(guò)一頓像樣的飯了。由主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。 5．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ (keep) you waiting for such a long time． 答案：wouldn't have kept　句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一個(gè)多小時(shí)，否則我不會(huì)讓你等這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。句中用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，otherwise說(shuō)明

4、的從句內(nèi)容和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might ＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”形式。 6．Although passing the driving test ________ be difficult now, it's worth the efforts． 答案：can　句意：雖然現(xiàn)在通過(guò)駕駛考試可能是困難的，但付出的努力是值得的。此處用can表示有時(shí)可能會(huì)，故填can。 7．My mother ________ (be) angry with me, but I couldn't shut my mouth before I

5、 shouted at her! 答案：wouldn't have been　句意：我母親本來(lái)不會(huì)對(duì)我生氣的，但在我對(duì)她大叫之前，我不能閉上嘴！wouldn't have done “本來(lái)不會(huì)做某事”。 8．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it ________ (cause) by eating too much． 答案：may have been caused　句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也許是因?yàn)槌缘锰嗔?。根?jù)前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's

6、illness”可知，這里為不肯定的推測(cè)，故用may have done “可能做某事”；由于dog's illness與cause之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為may have been caused。 9．—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry, sir． But it is the rule of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash． 答案：shall　句意：——我可以用支票付賬嗎？——對(duì)不起，先生。但這是我們酒店的規(guī)定，應(yīng)當(dāng)以現(xiàn)金付款。shall可以在法律條文、規(guī)章制度中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等，此處

7、是旅館的規(guī)定。 10．Passengers ________ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road． 答案：mustn't　句意：當(dāng)公共汽車開(kāi)動(dòng)時(shí)，乘客不得與司機(jī)交談，因?yàn)檫@將把他的注意力從路上轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)來(lái)。此處表示“禁止，不允許”，故用mustn't。 11．David didn't attend his daughter's graduation ceremony, but he does wish he ________ (be) there． 答

8、案：had been　句意：戴維沒(méi)有參加女兒的畢業(yè)典禮，但他確實(shí)希望他能在那里。這里wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 12．Even a small personal computer ________ store vast amounts of information． 答案：can　句意：即使是一臺(tái)小型個(gè)人電腦也能儲(chǔ)存大量的信息。此處表示一種能力，故填can。 13．The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he ________ (attend) the concert with h

9、is family yesterday． 答案：couldn't have attended　句意：這份報(bào)告定于明天提交，昨天他不可能和家人去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。couldn't have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情有把握的否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。 14．I am sorry I am very busy now． If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you． 答案：had　根據(jù)前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now．”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，if從句中使用一般過(guò)

10、去時(shí)。 15．It ________ well be the largest cathedral in the world． 答案：may　句意：它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may與well連用，表“很可能”。 16．Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you ________ if you like． 答案：can　句意：大部分喝綠茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖，但是如果你喜歡，你可以加。can表示許可，符合句意。 17．The head teacher demanded that the paper ____

11、____ (finish) after class． 答案：(should) be finished　demand后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，由于finish與the paper之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 18．How I wish I ________ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a reporter there． 答案：had had　wish從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)逗號(hào)后面的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was可知，這里表示的是與過(guò)去事

12、實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 19．There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party． You ________ (come), but why didn't you? 答案：should have come　句意：昨天的聚會(huì)很有趣。你本應(yīng)該來(lái)，為什么沒(méi)來(lái)呀？should have done sth．表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做。 20．Antarctica was so mystically described by some people． If only I ________ (be) there! 答案：had been　句意：南

13、極洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去過(guò)那里就好了！if only “要是……就好了”引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去情況相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故答案為had been。 21．It ________ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China． 答案：can't be　句意：那人不可能是布萊克先生，因?yàn)樗ブ袊?guó)旅游了。根據(jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容可知，說(shuō)話者的推測(cè)是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推測(cè)應(yīng)該用can't。 22．You ________ as well tell us now; we'll

14、find out sooner or later． 答案：may/might　句意：你最好現(xiàn)在告訴我們，我們遲早會(huì)查明的。may/might as well是固定搭配，意為“最好，倒不如”。 23．The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed． 答案：wouldn't　句意：無(wú)論她怎么用力推，門總是打不開(kāi)。主語(yǔ)The door為物，且pushed表示過(guò)去，故填wouldn't表示一種傾向性。 24．________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football

15、match． 答案：Should　本句中條件句是對(duì)將來(lái)狀況的虛擬，當(dāng)條件句中有助動(dòng)詞had, were, should時(shí)，可以將if省略，把這些助動(dòng)詞放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 25．—________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone? —Sorry, sir, but it's urgent． 答案：Must　根據(jù)第二個(gè)問(wèn)句可知，此處應(yīng)用must, 意為“非要……，偏要……”，用來(lái)告訴某人他的舉止使你很生氣或困擾。 二、單句改錯(cuò) 1．If he studies at this school, he would kn

16、ow you well． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：studies→studied　句意：如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，他會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。根據(jù)后面的主句“would know”可知，本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故從句應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2．The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside． ________________________________________________

17、________________________ 答案：are→(should) be　此句中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋前面的order 的內(nèi)容，order后面的從句應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) do”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故將are改為be。 3．He mustn't be a basketball player, because he is much too short． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：mustn't→can't　句意：他不可能是一個(gè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)?/p>

18、他個(gè)子矮。表示不可能，應(yīng)該是can't，表示否定的推測(cè)，而mustn't表示“禁止”。 4．Robert's new book about space exploration is fantastic． You simply could read it． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：could→must　句意：羅伯特寫的關(guān)于太空探索的新書太好了，你一定要讀一讀。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用must，故將could改為must。 5．Has he learnt about

19、computer, we would have hired him to work here． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Has→Had　句意：如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們就聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had置于句首。 6．If we booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue

20、． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：booked前加had　句意：如果早一點(diǎn)定位子的話，現(xiàn)在我們就不用站在這里排隊(duì)了。此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故在booked前加had。 7．All of us love the weekends, because we can't get up early on Saturdays and Sundays． ___________________________________________________________

21、_____________ 答案：can't→needn't　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，表示不必，而不是不能，故將can't改為needn't。 8．He might have gone to bed, for the light was out． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：might→must　句意：他一定已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了，因?yàn)闊粢呀?jīng)滅了。must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)。might have done “可能做過(guò)某事”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情把

22、握不大的推測(cè)。 9．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：built前加(should) be　command后面的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且roads和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故在built前加(should) be。 10．We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure

23、yet． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：must→may　句意：我們今天晚上有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，但是還不確定。must表示肯定的猜測(cè)，而may “可能會(huì)”表示把握不大的推測(cè)。 11．I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：was→were　w

24、ish后的從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，be動(dòng)詞常用were。 12．You need have studied that late last night． It was harmful to your health． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：need→needn't　由后面的句子可知，前一句句意為“昨天晚上你不必學(xué)到那么晚”，因此應(yīng)用need的否定形式。needn't have done “本不必做某事(而實(shí)際上做了)”。

25、 13．It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：might→shall　句意：根據(jù)宣布的內(nèi)容，學(xué)生必須留在自己的座位上直到所有的試卷收完為止。在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等，應(yīng)用shall。 14．We would as well stay where w

26、e are, because the outside is unsafe． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：would→may/might　句意：我們最好待在現(xiàn)在待的地方，因?yàn)橥饷娌话踩！癿ay/might as well＋動(dòng)詞原形”為固定用法，意思是“不妨做……，最好做……”。 15．We can have visited Peking University, but we spent too much time shopping． _______________

27、_________________________________________________________ 答案：can→could　句意：我們?cè)究梢詤⒂^北京大學(xué)的，但是我們購(gòu)物花了太多時(shí)間。could have done sth． “本能做某事(而實(shí)際上未做)”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作的一種責(zé)備或惋惜之情。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一、can/could 1．表示能力：can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過(guò)去的能力；2．表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑問(wèn)句中，could也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中時(shí)表示理論上的可能性或一時(shí)的可能性，常譯為“有時(shí)候會(huì)”；3．表示許可：could表示

28、委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣，但回答時(shí)必須用can。 Although he is only four, he can play the piano． That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital． Can I use your computer for a while? —Could I borrow your bicycle? —Yes, you can．/No, you can't． 二、may/might 1．表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may更委婉、客氣；2．表推測(cè)：表示把握性不大的推測(cè)，might表示的可能性比may更??；may/migh

29、t as well do sth． “不妨做某事；還是做某事為好”。 Might I use your computer? This pen may be Tom's． You may_as_well_start at once． 三、shall/should 1．shall用于第一、三人稱作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)；2．shall用于第二、三人稱作主語(yǔ)的陳述句中，表示命令、警告、許諾等；3．shall還可用在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等；4．should表示“應(yīng)該”，表主觀，而ought to(應(yīng)該)表示客觀；5．should可表示推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該會(huì)；想必會(huì)”

30、；6．should還可表示驚訝、意外等，意為“竟然”。 Shall he come in or wait outside? You shall hand in the report tomorrow． You should be careful when crossing the street． I don't know why you should think that I did it． 四、must/have to 1．must表示非常有把握的推測(cè)，僅用于肯定句中；2．表示“必須；不得不”，must側(cè)重主觀，have to側(cè)重客觀；3．must還可表示“偏要，非要”，表示說(shuō)話

31、者不耐煩或與自己愿望相反；4．在回答must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to (mustn't表禁止，不表義務(wù))。 You must be tired now． If you must know the secret, I can tell you． —Must I clean the room at once? —Yes, you must． —No, you needn't/don't_have_to． 五、will/would 1．表示意愿、決心等；2．用于第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求；3．表示習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，will表示現(xiàn)在，w

32、ould表示過(guò)去；4．表示按規(guī)律“注定會(huì)”。 I won't argue with you． Would you mind closing the door? Oil will float on water． We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories． 六、need/dare need “需要”，dare “敢”，二者都既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 You needn't come so early． She dare_not go out alone at night． That

33、boy says it as loudly as he dares． I need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair． 七、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”結(jié)構(gòu) must have done “過(guò)去肯定/準(zhǔn)是/一定發(fā)生了……”(表肯定推測(cè))，否定式為：can't/couldn't have done should/ought to have done “本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際未做” shouldn't/oughtn't to have done “本不該做而實(shí)際做了” needn't have done “本不必做而實(shí)際

34、做了” might/could have done “可能做了……” could have done “本來(lái)能夠做……” 限時(shí)25分鐘 一、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company． 答案：can　句意：在當(dāng)今信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)丟失有時(shí)會(huì)給一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。can表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”。 2．(2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they

35、________ (drive) a few more kilometers． 答案：had driven　句意：如果他們?cè)匍_(kāi)幾公里的話，他們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更好的旅館了。分析主句中might have found可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，從句中應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故填had driven。 3．(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse． I ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure． 答案：could/might have left　句意：我找不到我的錢包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超

36、市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“yesterday”可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)后面的“but I'm not sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推測(cè)，故用could/might have left。 4．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now． 答案：had caught　句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“yesterda

37、y”可知，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用had done。 5．(2018·江蘇高考)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission． 答案：should　句意：真奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主人允許就拿走了這些書。在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ．．．”中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 6．(2018·江蘇高考)There is a good social

38、 life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved． 答案：had　句意：在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活，我希望還有第二次機(jī)會(huì)去更多地參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 7．(2017·天津高考)An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “____

39、____ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment． 答案：(should) be　insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 8．(2017·江蘇高考)Son：Mum, ________ we go and see a film tonight? Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online． It's convenient with our new and faster network． 答案：shall　兒子征詢媽媽的意

40、見(jiàn)問(wèn)是否可以晚上出去看電影。shall用在第一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或者建議。 9．(2018·山西太原高三期末)Secondly, we ________ to show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them． 答案：ought　句意：第二，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬我們的父母并且盡力去幫助他們。ought to “應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，表示一種責(zé)任和義務(wù)。 10．(2017·江蘇高考)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the studen

41、t could not overcome her difficulty． 答案：Were　句意：如果沒(méi)有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were；在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果if從句中有should, had或were時(shí)，可以省略if，而把should, had或were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝，故答案為Were。 11．(2018·河北唐山一次調(diào)研)Knowing his son's death could ________ (avoid) if he had only called the doctor, he always felt h

42、e was guilty． 答案：have been avoided　句意：得知要是他請(qǐng)了醫(yī)生的話，他兒子就不會(huì)死，他總是感到很內(nèi)疚。his son's death與avoid為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故設(shè)空處需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；設(shè)空處是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的假設(shè)，設(shè)空處前為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，故需用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have been＋過(guò)去分詞”形式，因此填have been avoided。 12．(2016·浙江高考)________ (have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fal

43、len since their highest in 2005． 答案：Had　句意：如果政府和科學(xué)家沒(méi)有共同努力，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡就不會(huì)從2005年的最高點(diǎn)下降。本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句省略了if，并使用了倒裝句式。根據(jù)主句的“would not have fallen ．．． in 2005”可知，這里是表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，所以用had。 13．(2016·北京高考)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped． 答案：had tol

44、d　句意：上個(gè)星期你為什么不告訴我你的麻煩事？如果你告訴我了，我就能幫你。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”。 14．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf． 答案：can　句意：Samuel是我們班里最高的男孩，他可以輕松地夠到書架頂層的書。can “能夠”，表示能力，符合語(yǔ)境。 15．(2017·天津高考)—Do you have Betty's phone num

45、ber? —Yes． Otherwise, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday． 答案：wouldn't have been　句意：——你有Betty的電話號(hào)碼嗎？——有，否則，昨天我就不能聯(lián)系到她了。設(shè)空處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)，此處要用否定形式。 16．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened． 答案

46、：had been put　句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)題干中的主句謂語(yǔ)部分“would never have happened”可知，此處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行虛擬，因此if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)為had done。再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 17．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight． I can do it in the morning． 答案：needn't　句意：我的房間很亂，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打

47、掃它，我可以早晨打掃。設(shè)空處表示不必，所以用needn't。 18．(2018·天津模擬)In winter, you ________ never be too cautious when you are driving in snow． 答案：can　句意：在冬天，你在雪地里開(kāi)車時(shí)怎么小心都不過(guò)分。cannot ．．． too ．．． 表示“無(wú)論怎樣……都不過(guò)分”，cannot可用can never代替。 19．(2018·浙江溫州八校聯(lián)考)Since you have such good preparations, there ________ not be any problem

48、s about passing the coming job interview． 答案：should　句意：既然你準(zhǔn)備得很充分，通過(guò)即將到來(lái)的工作面試應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)since提供的原因“準(zhǔn)備充分”可以判斷出，此處表示應(yīng)該不會(huì)有問(wèn)題，表推測(cè)，故本空填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。 20．(2019·鄭州質(zhì)檢)Today I am very busy． I would rather that you ________ (come) tomorrow． 答案：came　句意：我今天很忙，我寧愿你明天過(guò)來(lái)。would rather后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。 21．

49、(2018·哈爾濱師大附中高三二模)We waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life which we ________ (use) to practice a hobby． 答案：could have used　句意：我們把太多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在社交媒體上、電視廣告上及對(duì)生活的擔(dān)心上，而這些時(shí)間我們本可以用來(lái)從事一個(gè)業(yè)余愛(ài)好的。本可以做某事而沒(méi)有做，使用“could have done”的形式。 22．(2019·昆明市高三摸底調(diào)研)When Muir discovered

50、 the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he ________ (come) home． 答案：had come　句意：當(dāng)米爾在內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈發(fā)現(xiàn)了約塞米蒂山谷的時(shí)候，就好像回到了家一樣。as if連接的句子是對(duì)過(guò)去的一種假設(shè)，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had come。 23．(2018·太原市高三第二次模擬)Morgan knew that more lives ________ (save) if he had been called sooner． 答案：might have been saved　句意：摩根知道如

51、果早點(diǎn)給他打電話的話，更多的生命將得到拯救。根據(jù)if從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)并分析句意可知，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用might have been saved。 24．(2018·安徽六校高三第二次聯(lián)考)But for your error, it ________ (be) easier for you to pass the driving test． After all, you had high quality training． 答案：might have been　句意：要不是你的錯(cuò)誤，你可能更容易通過(guò)駕駛考試。畢竟你接受了高質(zhì)量的培訓(xùn)。此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故用might have

52、 been。 25．(2018·黑龍江雙鴨山一中期中)I really thank you for your help． Without it I ________(succeed) in finding my lost key． 答案：wouldn't have succeeded　句意：我真的感謝你的幫助。如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就不會(huì)找到丟失的鑰匙。此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，答案為wouldn't have succeeded。 二、單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interes

53、t nearby． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：can→should或去掉can　句意：一些同學(xué)建議我們?nèi)ジ浇拿麆俟袍E。suggest作動(dòng)詞，表示“建議”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，故此處可把can改為should，也可去掉can。 2．(2018·吉林月考)I advised the person badly wounded sent to hospital． ______________________________

54、__________________________________________ 答案：sent前加(should) be　本句中badly wounded是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾person; advise后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。由于person與send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用(should) be sent。 3．(2018·山東模擬)It is required by the rules that students should get grades not lower than 80 in any subjects in order to wi

55、n the scholarship． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：should→shall　當(dāng)宣布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)，應(yīng)用shall，意為“應(yīng)該，必須”。 4．(2019·邯鄲模擬)Thank you for your coming to help me tidy up my room, otherwise everything will be in a mess． ____________________________________________________

56、____________________ 答案：will→would　句意：謝謝你來(lái)幫我整理房間，否則一切都會(huì)亂糟糟的。otherwise連接的句子是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，所以應(yīng)用“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 5．(2018·桂林月考)My uncle is in poor health so the doctor strongly recommends that he takes a holiday． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：takes→(should) ta

57、ke　句意：我的叔叔身體很差，所以醫(yī)生強(qiáng)烈地建議他休假。recommend意思是“建議”，后接that從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。 6．(2018·衡水質(zhì)檢)We can't imagine that two children can be killed by the washing machine of their house． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：can→should　句意：我們無(wú)法想象兩個(gè)孩

58、子竟然被他們家里的洗衣機(jī)絞死了。should在本句中意為“竟然”，表驚訝、意外等。 7．(2018·洛陽(yáng)月考)It's so bad that I failed in the final exam． If only I worked hard at it! ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：worked前加had　句意：我期末考試不及格，這真是太糟糕了，要是我(之前)努力學(xué)習(xí)就好了！if only后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由failed可知，此處是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，所以從句

59、中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去分詞。 8．(2018·宜昌月考)If you told me that eating too many plums is not good for our health earlier, I wouldn't have a stomachache now． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：told前加had　句意：如果你早點(diǎn)兒告訴我吃太多的李子對(duì)身體不好的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)胃疼了。本句是混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，謂語(yǔ)用“had

60、done”形式，故應(yīng)在told前加had。 9．(2018·銀川模擬)She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：knows→knew　句意暗含她不可能知道世界上所有的事情，因此此處要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬。所以句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 10．(2019·安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)If he should not come tomorrow, we

61、put off the meeting till next Wednesday． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：we后加would/could/might/should　句意：如果他明天不來(lái)的話，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周三。對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法 1．基本用法 2．混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣(錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句) 有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不同

62、時(shí)發(fā)生，或主從句的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)是事實(shí)，這種情況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的具體情況來(lái)確定。 If it had_rained last night, it would_be wet now． 3．含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣 有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件不是通過(guò)if引導(dǎo)的條件句來(lái)表現(xiàn)的，而是通過(guò)一些詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，如：without, but for, otherwise, but等。 I couldn't_have_finished the work on time without your help． But_for your timely warning, we would_have_got_into great

63、trouble． 4．非真實(shí)條件句中省略if的用法 如果非真實(shí)條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有had, were, should，可省略if，而將had, were, should提前形成部分倒裝。 Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake． Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking． Were there no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth． 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于其他從句中

64、 1．用于表示要求、命令、建議、推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：order, require, demand, suggest, advise, propose, command, request, insist, recommend等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 The teacher ordered that all of the students (should)_be here on time． We followed his advice that we (should)_give up

65、the plan． His suggestion is that we (should)_accept these gifts． 注意：①suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，后面的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；作“暗示，表明”講時(shí)，后面的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 I suggest that you (should)_come here early tomorrow． All the evidence suggested that we were right． ②insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”或“堅(jiān)持主張”之意時(shí)，其后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形；但表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意時(shí)，其后使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

66、 She insists that we (should)_leave at 6：00 tomorrow morning, or we might miss the flight． Little Tony insisted that he had_seen a man flying in the sky last night． 2．在as if, as though, if only引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，與現(xiàn)在情況相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞常用were)；與過(guò)去情況相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”；與將來(lái)情況相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/might/should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 He works with such enthusiasm as if he were never tired． He talked about the film as if/as though he had really seen it． 3．在“It is desired/suggested/requested/recommended/ordered/stra