高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解解題技巧

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1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧第1頁/共39頁a.三正一誤：三正一誤： Which of the following is true except? Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三誤一正：三誤一正： Which of the following is true? 這種做題方法主要與三正一誤的下列問法相聯(lián)系：這種做題方法主要與三正一誤的下列問法相聯(lián)系： Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not m

2、entioned?方法：方法： 這種問題的正確選項(xiàng)所包含的信息通常連續(xù)出現(xiàn)在同一段，而且往往無列舉標(biāo)志詞，如這種問題的正確選項(xiàng)所包含的信息通常連續(xù)出現(xiàn)在同一段，而且往往無列舉標(biāo)志詞，如first，second，third等。做題時(shí)只需閱讀有關(guān)段落，根據(jù)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞在其前后找其他兩個(gè)正確先項(xiàng)，剩下一個(gè)原文中未提到的，為正確答案。等。做題時(shí)只需閱讀有關(guān)段落，根據(jù)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞在其前后找其他兩個(gè)正確先項(xiàng)，剩下一個(gè)原文中未提到的，為正確答案。P227 passage3 /2 .2 P229 passage7/ 1第2頁/共39頁Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host

3、of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be a

4、n air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a

5、 hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which o

6、f the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 解析：解析： A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答案，而都可在原文找到答案，而B項(xiàng)原文列的是：項(xiàng)原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是可判斷不是moved to

7、Hong Kong with her parents，因此選，因此選B。 return第3頁/共39頁9）The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to .11）The purpose of this article is to 第4頁/共39頁1.認(rèn)真閱讀文章的認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段第一段或每段的或每段的第一個(gè)句子第一個(gè)句子。2.文章的主題作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述。文章的主題作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述。抓住抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。，即高頻詞，也叫

8、做主題詞。3.標(biāo)志性詞語標(biāo)志性詞語例如：例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer 掌握了找主題句的方法，就可以依據(jù)主題句歸納主題。但歸納主題容易出現(xiàn)以下三種錯(cuò)誤，需要同學(xué)們注意。掌握了找主題句的方法，就可以依據(jù)主題句歸納主題。但歸納主題容易出現(xiàn)以下三種錯(cuò)誤，需要同學(xué)們注意。 1以偏

9、概全。即只抓住了主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面就誤以為是主題。以偏概全。即只抓住了主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面就誤以為是主題。 2過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論證。過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論證。 3把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。 第5頁/共39頁（1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。 第6頁/共39頁Smoking cigarettes is

10、 harmful to your health.Practice：第7頁/共39頁Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same

11、time. （2 2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即段落的主題。本即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn), ,它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 第8頁/共39頁 try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分鐘）分鐘） So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance第9頁/共39頁retu

12、rn第10頁/共39頁This sales method is called “bait and switch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)誘售法誘售法第11頁/共39頁detaildetaildetail第12頁/共39頁第13頁/共39頁Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .第14頁/共39頁1. time2. ships and people3. route4. Sufferingsand difficultiesa. Lack of food and freshwaterb. Hunger an

13、d diseases c. DeathsThe process of Magellans long difficult voyage5. success第15頁/共39頁 Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.第16頁/共39頁P(yáng)aragraph 1: Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .Paragraph 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3: Magellans voyaged prove

14、d the earth is round.Magellans voyage第17頁/共39頁(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper)第18頁/共39頁解推斷題的方法：解推斷題的方法：1解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。 2中心詞中心詞 Key Words第19頁/共39頁確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路：確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路：1、問全文主體事物的、問全文主體事物的(包括主題包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)

15、主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2、如果問的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。、如果問的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。 第20頁/共39頁1. Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was abo

16、ut to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. （1分鐘）分鐘） The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice:第21頁/共39頁2. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its ha

17、nds busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. （1.5分鐘）分鐘） You can tell that busy people_A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have hands.第22頁/共39頁3. It is fun to turn over a big ro

18、ck on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分鐘）分鐘） You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on

19、 beaches D. cant be found on beaches第23頁/共39頁Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“

20、Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of inse

21、cts解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時(shí)的原解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時(shí)的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行“恢復(fù)恢復(fù)”，因此推出，因此推出答案為答案為D D。 第24頁/共39頁Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is O

22、K，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never

23、 misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds M

24、r. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會(huì)他的態(tài)度，特別是解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會(huì)他的態(tài)度，特別是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 誤了車或飛誤了車或飛機(jī)本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機(jī)呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他機(jī)本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車

25、或飛機(jī)呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對(duì)對(duì)Mr. Neff的討厭之情。答案為的討厭之情。答案為D。 return第25頁/共39頁分析題干能分析題干能力力第26頁/共39頁例如：例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel 第27頁/共39頁例如：例如： Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to r

26、ead it carefully The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 例如：例如： The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 例如：例如： Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late第28頁/共39頁閱讀中出現(xiàn)一些難詞，有時(shí)后面就是一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞閱讀中出現(xiàn)一些難詞，有時(shí)后面就是一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，這種解釋有時(shí)也用連詞

27、進(jìn)行解釋，這種解釋有時(shí)也用連詞“ “or” ”連接。連接。 a）（）（NMET2001，D篇），篇），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），），a Germanic language b）（）（NMET2002，A篇）篇）The Chunnel，a tunnel（隧道）（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete第29頁/共39頁 One of the obstacles to false re

28、ading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD 第30頁/共39頁文章中的代詞文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；也有時(shí)需還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，

29、要認(rèn)真查找；也有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。 例如（例如（NMET2002，A篇）篇）原題第原題第57題：題： What does the underlined word it（paragraph 2）refer to？ ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“ “ again DTraveling to outer space 原文：原文：However，the questi

30、on that moon people asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it由此可以看出由此可以看出it指上句中的指上句中的the question，而，而the question又指第又指第一段中一段中月球人月球人所提的問題。所以根據(jù)第一段中的問題所提的問題。所以根據(jù)第一段中的問題Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？就可以判

31、斷出答案為就可以判斷出答案為B。 第31頁/共39頁根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。分號(hào)（；）還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。分號(hào)（；）還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated 猜詞能猜詞能力力第32頁/共39頁根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也

32、可以找出原因。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。 （NMET2001，A篇）篇）Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted 猜詞能猜詞能力力后一句承接前一句，前一句的原因?qū)е潞笠痪涞慕Y(jié)果。根據(jù)因后一句承接前一句，前一句的原因?qū)е潞笠痪涞慕Y(jié)果。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系，停電很可能導(dǎo)致冰淇淋和冷凍食品溶化，所以果關(guān)系，停電很可能導(dǎo)致冰淇淋和冷凍食品溶化，所以melted的詞義應(yīng)為的詞義應(yīng)為溶化溶化。 第33頁/共39頁英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)

33、成一個(gè)詞，乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是生詞，但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。 例如（例如（NMET2002，B篇）篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete 猜詞能猜詞能力力我們知道，我們知道，prefer的意思是的意思是寧愿；愿意寧愿；愿意，根據(jù)上下文可以，根據(jù)上下文可以判斷判

34、斷prefer的名詞形式的名詞形式preference的含義應(yīng)是的含義應(yīng)是偏愛；愛好偏愛；愛好。 第34頁/共39頁猜答案能力猜答案能力第35頁/共39頁猜答案能力猜答案能力第36頁/共39頁根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對(duì)同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們?cè)谝韵聨讉€(gè)方面加強(qiáng)自我訓(xùn)練！根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對(duì)同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們?cè)谝韵聨讉€(gè)方面加強(qiáng)自我訓(xùn)練！例例1: The major market force rests in t he growing population of employees (白領(lǐng)雇員白領(lǐng)雇員)，who can afford the new service.例例2: “

35、It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who an Italian restaurant.猜測(cè)熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識(shí)面，對(duì)常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納整理。猜測(cè)熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識(shí)面，對(duì)常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納整理。When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life? 利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。 猜詞能猜詞能力力第37頁/共39頁猜答案能力猜答案能力第38頁/共39頁