2022年保定理工學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年保定理工學院自考英語（二）練習題 匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單項選擇題】 [2008.10] Johnson was unknown before running for the presidency. A、visibly B、visually C、vertically D、virtually 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查（形近的）副詞詞義區(qū)分。譯文：事實上，約翰遜在參選 總統(tǒng)職位之前是個無名人士。A顯然，明顯地 B外表上，直觀地C垂直地， 直立地 D實際上，事實上第2題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Many years passed and the young

2、 man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements to see his father, he received a telegram telling him hi

3、s father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care things. When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young man arrived home, he felt. A、sad B、disappointed C> horrible D、nervous

4、 【填句補文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exp

5、osure to secondhand smoke. A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gil

6、son has lung cancer. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)首 選對此煙加以定義的句子。 第21題【單項選擇題】 【概括大意】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a

7、health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. The main idea of this paragraph is. A、The Nature of Heavy Metals B、Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils C、Heavy Metals and Food Chain D、Research on Channel

8、s of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】本段文字講的是：受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn) 定不容易降解，其中的某些微量重金屬能使人致癌或中毒?？梢钥闯銎渲行膬?nèi)容 是：受污染土地的潛在危險，選擇B。 10 第22題【單項選擇題】You've broken it now; it's no use crying over milk! A、 spent B> spilt C、spill D、 spend 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】你現(xiàn)在既已把它損壞了，后悔是沒有用的!cry over s

9、pilt milk固定搭 配，意為"為已經(jīng)發(fā)生而無法補救的事懊悔〃，答案選B。 第23題【單項選擇題】 ［閱讀選擇］Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passa

10、ge, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet. C、the effect is not known. D、 genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans. 【正確答案】B 【答案

11、解析】此題答案可從本段的最后一句話中找出。 第24題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百歲老人）get asked all the time： "How did you live to be 100?"Q.: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community. 11 A、True B、False C、Not Given 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】答案選Co

12、題目說的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個非常友好的社 區(qū)”，文章開頭局部提到了"community（社區(qū)）”，但該句并沒有說這五位百歲老人 生活的社區(qū)是否是一個友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。 第25題【單項選擇題】 ［閱讀選擇］In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which

13、 may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? A、Unequal access to medical care. B、 Greater probability of having other diseases. C> Differences in the biology of the cancer. D、 Early diagnosis. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites,

14、 與D項內(nèi)容是相反的，因此選D。 第26題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people.. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasse

15、s from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays. A、Ionosphere is high above the earth. B、 If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots. 12 C、According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to th

16、e movement of the sunspots. D、A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】這一段說的是太陽黑子對人類健康的影響。填入的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該與健 康有關(guān)，空格后一句說到要保護皮膚。因此D是正確的。 第27題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] This is the first time that a w

17、oman has been to the post. A> granted B、praised C、pointed D、appointed 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】譯文：這是第一次任命一位婦女擔任此職位。試題分析：此題考查 詞義辨析。國詳細解答：A允許、同意；B表揚、贊揚；C指、指出；D指定、 任命、委任。 第28題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】 But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next

18、? To the oceans! All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is --- remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water by A、 heating it up. B、treating it with chemicals. C、

19、 taking salt out of it. D^ drying it up. 13 【正確答案】C 【答案解析】海水之所以不能飲用就是因為它是咸的。答題依據(jù)是本段的removethe salt BP take salt out。 第29題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. , That is at

20、 least as important as how much we know. A、 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. B、 He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. C、 Every time you

21、meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. D> In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】后句中的代詞we在D中才有呼應(yīng)的代詞，而且在文章最后出現(xiàn)觀 點句是通常論述文的開展特點，因此判斷D正確。 第30題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] I've got the order from the b

22、oss that the work finished before5 p.m. today. A、would be B、be C、will have been D、could be 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查名詞從句中的虛擬語氣。譯文:我已經(jīng)從老板那得到指令，14 這項工作在今天下午五點鐘之前要完成。詳細解答：that引導同位語從句，說明 order的內(nèi)容。同時從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用should+動詞原形的形式， should可以省略。 第31題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The acid rain （酸雨）is said to be caused by pol

23、lution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.. A、 The problem, however, i

24、s not just a European one. B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people. D、 Acid rain is how a familiar prob

25、lem in the industrialized countries in Europe. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】前文提到完成這項工作需要很多的錢，答案轉(zhuǎn)折說到了墨西哥沒有 這么多的錢去做。兩句之間有隱含的邏輯關(guān)系。 第32題【單項選擇題】 【2009.01 ] The twin sisters were identical appearance and character. A、of B、with C、in D、to 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查介詞詞義。句意：這對雙胞胎姐妹的面容和性格都一模一 樣。be identical to/ with完全相同的，一

26、模一樣的。此題要說明在某個方面是一15 樣的，應(yīng)選c。 第33題【單項選擇題】It is no use arguing the plan because it has been rejected. A、with B、against C、for D、on 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】argue作動詞時，意為"爭論；爭吵；爭辯〃。argue for意為"為...... 辯護"；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人爭論〃；argue against意為“據(jù) 理反對；爭辯……〃。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該用for。 第34題【單項選擇題】 [2010.0

27、4] The student described the beautiful mountains and rivers in hishome town. A、artificially B、vividly C、critically D、viciously 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查副詞的詞義辨析。這個學生生動地描述了他的家鄉(xiāng)美麗的 山河。 第35題【單項選擇題】 [2009.[10] The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard. A、calculate B、demonstrate16

28、C、speculate D、motivate 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞語辨析?！咀g文】利潤共享計劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工 作。A計算、估算B證實、論證、演示 C思索、推測 D激勵、激發(fā)第36題【單項選擇題】 In the original test, all the animals in a test group are given a substance halfof them die. A、unless B、until C、lest D、provided 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。until：直到。符合句意，表示given a subst

29、ance 持續(xù)至I」half of them die。 第37題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】 Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. , Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to inte

30、rview him. A、 This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. B、 This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well. C、 Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting. D、 Both of you need time to get to know each other. 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】抓住關(guān)鍵詞進行同義替換，也就是afraid,選項中this fear就是對 這種擔憂的補充，這種擔憂是完全沒有必要

31、的，除非被采訪者確實是討厭別人問17 自己。 第38題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆發(fā)）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.

32、A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? C、 They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. 【正確答案】c

33、【答案解析】第一句話說的是：加勒比群島形成了一個鎖鏈，把加勒比海與大西 洋的其他局部分開。答案是C,因為它的第一個詞是"They",該詞指"The Caribbean Islands"；而且在語義上也有很好的銜接。 第39題【單項選擇題】 [2008.[10] Never before so rapidly developing as it is today. A、has our country been B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】【譯文】

34、我們國家從未像現(xiàn)在這樣高速開展?！驹囶}分析】語法題。 a （參看Unit 5課后的補充語法“語序〃中的例句）【詳細解答】否認詞never在句 首，該句子應(yīng)采用局部倒裝。 第40題【單項選擇題】18 [2008.[11] The traffic was held up for more than thirty minutes,caused me to arrive late. A、it B、 that C> what D、which 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查非限制性定語從句。整句話的意思是：交通阻塞30多分 鐘，這使得我到達晚了。 第41題【單項選擇題】 【填句補

35、文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. A、 It tells us not to use the injured part until it hea

36、ls. B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord （脊 髓）to the brain, and back down again. C、The first message is the warning signal. D> The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second. 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】第一句講的是疼痛的感覺是由兩種信號signals組成的，所以緊接 著就提到兩種信號的傳播路線。B

37、項恰恰照應(yīng)了首句意思。 第42題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04）The government finally all the documents relating to the war. A、released B> specialized C、realized19 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。事實細節(jié)題。年輕人回到家里，出現(xiàn)了兩個關(guān)鍵詞sadness 和regret,可以判斷年輕人的心情是非常傷心的。應(yīng)選A。 第3題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】The violence within a society is controlled through instituti

38、ons of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally ca

39、rrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the societ

40、y is responsible for imposing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is. A、to control violence within a society B、to protect the world from chaos C、to free society from the idea of revenge D、to give the government absolute power 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】本段的第一句話 The violence

41、within a society is controlled through institutions of law是此題的答案。 第4題【單項選擇題】Sickness often eating too much. A、as a result of B、result of C、result in D、result from D、 supposed 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查動詞意義區(qū)分。A"公開發(fā)表、公布或發(fā)布（新聞）〃 B專 門從事、專攻 C意識到、領(lǐng)悟 D假定、猜測。整句話的意思是：政府最 終公布了與這場戰(zhàn)爭有關(guān)的全部文件。 第43題【單項選擇題】 [2007

42、.04] The central theatre has a seating of more than 3, 000 people. A、capability B、capacity C、ability D、facility 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。ability主要指天賦的能力或應(yīng)用知識的才能， 應(yīng)該是屬于那種已經(jīng)具備并開展較快的能力。如"He has unusual ability in science”。 capability與ability不同的是，它不僅能用于人，也可用于物,如：Electronic refinements, however, have

43、 greatly extended the uses and capabilities of some of the older electrical devices, capacity指容納或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。 如“The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根據(jù)句意，此題應(yīng)該選 capacity。 第44題【單項選擇題】 【概括大意】If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your

44、 spirits. You do not need anything so radical as winning a lottery （彩票）to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card that can be obtained for a few dollars from the Council on International Educational Exchange entitles （給予、授權(quán)）you to discount tickets （打折機票）on certain charter flights to London

45、 and Paris, as well as reduced admission to many museums, cinemas, and musical events. Once in Europe, you can stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. So don't give up your hopes of becoming an international20 traveler.The main idea of this paragraph is. A、It is easy for a stu

46、dent to travel in Europe during the summer. B、 The student needs to obtain an identity card to travel at a cheap rate. C、The student could stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. D、 The students will become international travelers in summer. 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】這段話主要講學生暑假去歐洲的一些優(yōu)

47、惠來論證學生去歐洲旅行是 很容易的。因此選擇A°第45題【單項選擇題】 【2009.7] An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D> responsibly 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查副詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】如果一個員工做工作總是認真負 責，他就是完全可信賴的?！驹敿毥獯稹緼親自地；B幾乎不；C個別地；D可靠第46題【單項選擇題】 [2010.04] In order to follow fashions

48、, the girl has to great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查短語辨析?！咀g文】為了跟隨時尚，這個女孩不得不忍受 極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with： 21和…保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。 第47題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Good news for chocoholics： the treat preferre

49、d by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids（類黃酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that

50、eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body： these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation? A、It reduces pain and stress. B、It contains substances called flavonoids. C、 It releases endorph

51、ins in human body. D、It acts like aspirin to protect heart. 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】因果關(guān)系詞信號詞。但凡注釋中文的地方可能是答案區(qū)域。 第48題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized fo

52、r a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of. A、industrially polluted soil

53、s B> the element of iodine C、rock and soil chemistry D、the persistence of heavy metals 【正確答案】B22 【答案解析】通過關(guān)鍵詞Some serious diseases,可將題目定位于最后一句話：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表達同樣的意思〃缺乏、缺少〃，因此根據(jù)這句話可以判斷答案為B。 第49題【單項選擇題】 [2009.[7] He wou

54、ld that all the classified data should be kept safe when inoffice. A、assure B、 ensure C、insure D、 secure 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查動詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機密數(shù) 據(jù)處于平安狀態(tài)?！驹敿毥獯稹緼使確信，使有信心；B確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔 保；C為……投保，給……保險；D平安的，沒有危險的第50題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇]The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation.

55、However, middle class is not a real designation, nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that

56、 employed them, and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. The information in this passage deals with. A、an individual B、a social and economic group C、a political organization D、Government 【正確答案】B23 【答案解析】答案選B。通過閱讀本段，middle class中產(chǎn)階級是一個群體，選答案Bo 第51題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】If you

57、 enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journe

58、ys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostly about. A、why people find travel writing exciting B、the literary style of three early travel writers C、where three early travel writers went and wrote about D、how to write a travel book 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】答案選C。主旨題。聯(lián)系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文講了三 個作家，鎖定答案B

59、和C,結(jié)合內(nèi)容，文章主要講關(guān)于他們的旅行和作品，答案 是Co第52題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇】The children don't just plan any city. They map and analyze （分析）the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect （建筑師）who visits the classroom once a week, th

60、ey invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations/Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom/' says the teacher who developed this program. "They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wron

61、g answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected 'official7 and 'planning group7 make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser/An24 architect pays a weekly visit to the classroo

62、m. A、to find out kids' creative ideas B、to discuss with the teacher C、to give children lectures D、to help kids with their program 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】根據(jù)本段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations

63、可知答案為D。句中的aid意為"幫助"，與help同義。 第53題【單項選擇題】As activity carried as one thinks fit in one's spare time, leisure has several functions. A、on B、out C、off D、 over 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查對關(guān)于carry的短語的掌握情況。carry on繼續(xù)（做某事）; carry out進行，實行，落實；carry off贏得；carry over將某事延后。 第54題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】Americans eat with

64、 knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the onl

65、y manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs25 from country to country.The topic sentence of this paragraph i

66、s. A、 Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. B、Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. C、 The way of behaving that differs from country to country. D、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】文章的最后一句話是對前面的一個總結(jié)，道出了本段的主題。因此 選擇Co第55題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the