[四年級英語]小學英語語法及習題.doc

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1、小學英語語法及習題一、名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policeme

2、n,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復數(shù) I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juic

3、e_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學習英

4、語。當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時的變化1. be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.當主語為

5、第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：coo

6、k-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。1. He often _(have)

7、dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _

8、(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday

9、.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句

10、，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)_8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like goi

11、ng skating.(改為否定句)_五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _三、現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進

12、行時的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問詞 + be + 動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _ma

13、ke_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1. The boy _ (draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ (sing) in the classroom.3. My mother _ (cook) some nice food now.4. What _ you _ (do) now?5. Look. They _

14、(have) an English lesson.6. They _ (not, water) the flowers now.7. Look! The girls _(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _ (have) supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes, she is.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework. (分別改成一般疑問句和否定

15、句)_ _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問)_四、將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)

16、構(gòu)：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing th

17、is weekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。1. 問人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 問什么時候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When

18、 is she going to bed?六、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do nex

19、t Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going t

20、o get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tom

21、orrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrowPEP小學英語重點句型語法總結(jié)人教版PEP教材在小學階段涉及的重要語法知識主要有7種：to be句型、there be句型、一般現(xiàn)在時句型、現(xiàn)在進行時句型、一般過去時句型、情態(tài)動詞can引導的型、be going to句型等?，F(xiàn)以5-8冊書為例，簡要總結(jié)如下：一 to be句型：用于介紹個人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊教材中，其中58冊的句型主要有：1. Whos your English tea

22、cher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its

23、in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller

24、than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時有某事”。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時間或地點。There are+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+地點。該句型主要分布在第5冊的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two b

25、edrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.三 一般現(xiàn)在時句型：表示

26、習慣性的動作或行為，或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+行為動詞+其他。當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，要在動詞原形后面加s或es，其他人稱作主語時則用動詞原形，在問句及否定句中需要用助動詞do或does。這種句型通常有一些標志詞，如：usually often sometimes never always等。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit2&3，第6冊Unit1&2, 第7冊Unit4,5,6, 第8冊Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays.

27、 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up

28、 at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2.

29、Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She wor

30、ks in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water b

31、ecomes vapour.13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 現(xiàn)在進行時句型：表示說話時正在進行的動作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進行的動作或存在的情況。標志詞是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動詞（am, is, are）+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v. ing)。該句型主要分布在第6冊Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1.

32、 What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5. What are they doing ?

33、Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般過去時句型：表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動詞過去式+其他。標志詞通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在問句與否

34、定句中要用助動詞did。該句型分布在第8冊Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinji

35、ang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般過去時也可用來表示客氣的詢問。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情態(tài)動詞can引導的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的動詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit4和第7冊Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I ca

36、n sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 將來時：我們的教材中出現(xiàn)過兩種表示將來時的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型為主，表示將要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)：

37、am/is/are + going to + v.原形。標志詞有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am