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1、專題十一連詞和狀語從句,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,在句中連接單詞、短語、從句或者句子的詞為連詞。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),連詞通常分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。 1.并列連詞按照在句中的作用可分為:表并列關(guān)系的連詞(and,as well as,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等)、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞(but,yet,however,while等)、表選擇關(guān)系的連詞(or,either...or...等)、表因果關(guān)系的連詞(for,so等)。 It is so cold that you

2、cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 天如此冷,你不能外出,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,Change those beliefs and a new pattern will be created. 改變這些信念,那么就會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的模式。 I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her. 再次見到珍妮我很高興,但是我不想整天和她在一起。,2.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或狀

3、語從句的從屬連詞主要有:that,whether,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,although,so...that,where等。 (2017北京)Although birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes. 雖然鳥是用羽毛來飛翔,但是它們的一些羽毛也用作其他用途。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,1.when,while,as都可譯為“當(dāng)

4、的時(shí)候”,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)的、從句動(dòng)作是延續(xù)的時(shí),三者都可以用。 as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。 while從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我們一邊走她一邊唱,她唱的時(shí)候我認(rèn)真地聽,到家的時(shí)候我們感覺很高興。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,2.until 和not...until until 要與延續(xù)性

5、動(dòng)詞連用;not...until 要與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 Jane pleted her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death. Jane在1816年完成了她最后一部小說勸導(dǎo),但是這本書在她去世后才出版。 3.since意為“自從以來”,其后面所用動(dòng)詞不同,該動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.(他參軍兩年了。) It is two years since he smoked.(他戒煙兩年了。

6、),考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,4.特殊的時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...等以及表示瞬間的directly,immediately等詞,表示“一就”,相當(dāng)于as soon as。no sooner...than...,hardly...when...結(jié)構(gòu)中no sooner和hardly引導(dǎo)的句子通常用過去完成時(shí),而than和when引導(dǎo)的句子通常要用一般過去時(shí);此外,no sooner和hardly

7、位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝語序。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. 你一見到湯姆就告訴他這個(gè)消息吧。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我剛到家就開始下雨了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,5.by the time 也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“到時(shí)為止”,主句一般用完成時(shí)。 By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself

8、.(從句為一般過去時(shí),主句要用過去完成時(shí)) 到十四歲的時(shí)候,愛因斯坦已經(jīng)自學(xué)完高等數(shù)學(xué)了。 6.幾組固定形式 (1)It will be+一段時(shí)間+before...多久之后才 (2)It is+一段時(shí)間+since...自從以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。 (3)be about to do...when...;be doing...when...;on the point of doing...when...正在/要做這時(shí),考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,It will be two days before he returns. 要過兩天他才回來。 It is

9、 three years since I came here. 我來這里三年了。 I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 我正在做作業(yè),這時(shí)候我表弟來了。 I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去,這時(shí)電話響了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,常用句型: so+形容詞/副詞+that從句 so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 so+many/much/little/few+名詞+th

10、at從句 such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句 (2016北京)Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. Natalie原來的學(xué)校受損那么嚴(yán)重,以至于她不得不暫時(shí)在Brooklyn的一個(gè)學(xué)校讀書。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天氣這么好,以至于我們都想出去散步。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)

11、五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,1.because為常用詞,其語氣最重,且說明的是直接原因,用來回答why引導(dǎo)的問句。 2.as,since和now that語氣較弱,常用來表示一些顯而易見或?qū)Ψ街赖脑?。since譯為“既然,鑒于”時(shí)不可用as替換。 Mark needs to learn Chinese since his pany is opening a branch in Beijing. 馬克有必要學(xué)習(xí)漢語了,因?yàn)樗墓菊诒本╅_設(shè)分支機(jī)構(gòu)。 As its raining,youd better take a taxi. 下雨了,你最好坐出租車。 Since eve

12、rybody is here,lets begin. 既然大家都在,那我們就開始吧。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。 1.though,although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)都不能和but連用,但可以同yet(still)連用。 Although/Though small,the pany has about 1,000 buyers in over 30

13、 countries. 盡管這個(gè)公司很小,但它在30多個(gè)國(guó)家里有大約1000個(gè)購買者。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,2.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)意為“盡管,雖然”,多用于句首。 (2017全國(guó))While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration. 雖然高中通常不會(huì)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去探索生活中的新事物,但是大學(xué)卻為探索創(chuàng)造了條件。 3.as/thou

14、gh引導(dǎo)讓步從句時(shí),從句要采用倒裝語序。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 他盡管是個(gè)孩子,但他知道怎樣做是正確的。 Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field. 他雖然年輕,但在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域是專家。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,4.whether...or not意為“無論(是否)”。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,這是真的。 5.howev

15、er+形容詞/副詞=no matter how+形容詞/副詞...,意為“無論多么”。 One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life. 一個(gè)人總是可以設(shè)法做更多的事情,不管在生活中時(shí)間表安排得有多滿。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,6.wh-ever等一系列連詞既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句相當(dāng)于no matter wh-,也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatev

16、er happened,he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么,他都不介意。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,條件狀語從句通常分為兩大類:真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless/if...not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。 1.條件狀語從句中如果主句是將來時(shí),條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果條件狀語從句中出現(xiàn)過去時(shí),則為虛擬條件句,那么主句要用相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣形式。 If

17、he had listened carefully,he would have done it better. 如果他認(rèn)真聽講的話,他會(huì)做得更好些。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,2.unless 相當(dāng)于if...not,在虛擬條件句中可用if...not,但不能用unless。 (201610浙江)Unless she reached the station before the express did,many,many lives would be lost. 除非她趕在快車前到達(dá)車站,否則很多人將丟掉性命(性命難保)。 If she were

18、not too silly,she would understand it. 要不是她太笨的話,她就理解了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,地點(diǎn)狀語從句多用where和wherever引導(dǎo)。 Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 他現(xiàn)在有決心要在自己曾經(jīng)想要放棄的地方向前推進(jìn),堅(jiān)持到底。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,目的狀語從句常用的連詞(短語)有so

19、that(以便),in order that(以便),in case等。 1.so that/in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could等。in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后,而so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后。 Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next time. 今天就行動(dòng)起來,這樣下次機(jī)會(huì)來時(shí)你就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,2.in ca

20、se 所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語可以用虛擬語氣,形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,也可以不用虛擬語氣。 You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of ing back. 你可以把鑰匙留在家里,以免我們中有人想起要回來。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)九,方式狀語從句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as though(仿佛,好像;從句可用虛擬語氣)等引導(dǎo)。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were

21、 her own son. 老人對(duì)待這個(gè)男孩就像是自己的兒子一樣。,,,,.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 1.(201610,浙江)I made my way backstage just as/when the great magician was putting on his top hat. 2.(2017北京)Peter,please send us postcards so well know where you have visited. No problem. 3.(2017北京)If you dont understand something,you may research,study,

22、and talk to other people until you figure it out. 4.(201610浙江)Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling,we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotels green profile(形象). 5.(2016北京)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes me away from other care

23、s of the day.,,,,,,,,,6.(2016江蘇)While some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure. 7.Though/Although/While scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know. 8.If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another

24、 one.,,,9.(2018江蘇) Unless you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 10.(2018北京) If we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.,,,,,,.完成句子 1.我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)難過的,但是以防萬一我還是去安慰她一下。 I dont think shell be sad but Ill go

25、and fort her in case she is. 2.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你別指望學(xué)到什么東西。 You can never expect to learn anything unless you study hard. 3.對(duì)銀行而言,只要貸款能準(zhǔn)時(shí)償還就好,至于如何償還倒不重要。 How the loan is paid should be of little concern to the bank as long as it is paid on time.,,,,,,,,4.聯(lián)合國(guó)官員說還需要好幾個(gè)星期甚至幾個(gè)月才能達(dá)成協(xié)議。 The UN officials say it c

26、ould be many weeks and even months before the deal is reached. 5.盡管電子郵件受到越來越多人的歡迎,但我更愿意寫信。 Although/Though/While email is an increasingly popular means of munication,I prefer writing letters.,,,,,,,.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空 I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challeng

27、es and awards from the job.I also think my work is important.There was a time 1.when I thought I would never have that sort of career. I wasnt an excellent student 2.because I didnt do much schoolwork.In my final term I started thinking 3.what I might do and found I didnt have much to offer.I just a

28、ccepted that I wasnt the type to have a career.,,,,,,,I then found myself a job,looking after two little girls.It wasnt too bad at first.But the problems began 4.when I agreed to live with them 5.so I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening.6.If I had to work extra hours

29、one week,shed give me time off the next week.But unfortunately,it didnt go as planned.I was getting extremely tired and fed up,because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.,,,,,,,One Sunday,I was in the park with the children,and met Megan 7.who/that used to go to school w

30、ith me.I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(資格證書) 8.if I wanted to work with children.I didnt think I would be accepted 9.because I didnt take many exams at school.She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful.My ex

31、perience counted for a lot and I took a part-time course.I had to leave my job with the family,and got work helping out at a kindergarten. Now Ive got a full-time job there.I shall always be thankful to Megan.10.How I wish I had known that earlier! You could have a career,even if you arent the top o

32、f the class at school.,,,,,,,,解析:1. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,time后為定語從句。There was a time when...“曾有一段的時(shí)期”。 2. 根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。 3. thinking后是賓語從句,且從句中缺少賓語。 4. when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 5. 此處省略了that。句意:以便我的老板晚上出去做生意時(shí),我能在那里照看孩子。 6. agree后是作者與老板協(xié)議的內(nèi)容:如果我有一周加班的話,下一周她就會(huì)讓我相應(yīng)地休息。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用if表示條件。 7. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知Megan后為定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故用關(guān)系代詞who/that。 8. 句意:她建議如果我想做能與孩子接觸的相關(guān)工作,我應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)課程并取得資格證書。根據(jù)句意可知用if表示條件。 9. 兩個(gè)分句之間是因果關(guān)系,故用because連接。 10. 此處用how構(gòu)成感嘆句。,