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1、閱讀理解組合練(三) (限時30分鐘) A (2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研) “In the past going to the dentist wasn't always easy, but today it IS! New dental technologies like air abrasion (研磨) mean up to 80% of patients don't even need a shot! Other state-of-the-art advancements make your treatment completely comfortable. Ca

2、ll me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.” —Dr. John B. Gentle Total Family Care Children very welcome Comfortable ultrasonic cleaning Sealants to prevent holes Fluoride treatments Lifelike false teeth and partials Tomorrow's Dentistry Today Air abrasion means dentistry without dr

3、ills or needles！ In-mouth camera examination provides unmatched diagnostic and treatment accuracy Computer imaging shows the results before work is done Cosmetics (美容) For Your Best Smile Teeth whitening — fast results, very affordable Mercury (汞)-free, white fillings — match your natural te

4、eth Porcelain crowns for stained or bad-looking teeth Natural-looking, durable Conveniences 24 hour emergency treatment Cable TV in every room Free second opinion Prepayment discounts Interest-free financing Insurance accepted Credit cards and online pay accepted Call now for your free i

5、n-mouth camera examination： 語篇解讀：本文是一則廣告，介紹了一家牙科診所的先進技術(shù)、家庭式服務(wù)和便利設(shè)施等。 1．Who might be most interested in this advertisement? A．Those who want to receive tooth treatment. B．Those who want to become dentists. C．Those who want to sell tooth medical equipment. D．Those who want to write an arti

6、cle on tooth care. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的“going to the dentist”“Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”可知，這則廣告可能會吸引需要治療牙齒的人。 2．According to the advertisement, those who may go to the dentist's are probably attracted by________. A．free emergency treatment B．cheapest natural-looki

7、ng cosmetics C．new dental technologies D．discounted in-mouth camera examination 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“New dental technologies ... Other state-of-the-art advancements make your treatment completely comfortable”及Tomorrow's Dentistry Today部分的內(nèi)容可知，新的牙科技術(shù)可能是其吸引人之處。 B (2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研)With a presi

8、dential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can't help getting sucked into the flame wars that are Internet comment threads. But psychologists say this addictive form of vitriolic (刻薄) back and forth should be avoided — or simply checked by online media outle

9、ts — because it actually damages society and mental health. A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages, said Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. First, commenters are often nearly nam

10、eless, and thus, unaccountable to their rudeness. Second, they are at a distance from the target of their anger — be it the article they're commenting on or another comment on that article — and people tend to go against distant abstractions more easily than living, breathing talkers. Third, it's ea

11、sier to be nasty in writing than in speech, hence the now somewhat out-of-date practice of leaving angry notes (back when people used paper), Markman said. And finally, Edward Wasserman, Knight Professor in Journalism Ethics at Washington and Lee University, noted another cause of the vitriol: bad

12、examples set by the media. “Unfortunately, mainstream media have made a fortune teaching people the wrong ways to talk to each other. People understandably conclude anger is the political vernacular (行話), that this is how public ideas are talked about，” Wasserman wrote in an article on his universit

13、y's website “It isn't.” In Markman's opinion, media outlets should cut down on the anger and hatred that have become the model in reader exchanges. “It's valuable to allow all sides of an argument to be heard. To a greater degree, someone who is making a reasonable point but in an angry tone is hur

14、ting the nature of the argument, because they are prompting people to respond in a similar way，” he said. For their part, people should seek out actual human beings to communicate with, Markman said — and we should make a point of including a few people in our social circles who think differently f

15、rom us. “You'll develop a healthy respect for people whose opinions differ from your own; the back-and-forth negotiation that goes on in having a conversation with someone you don't agree with is a skill and it's not easy to master it，” Markman said. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的針對某一話題進行的憤怒評論其實是有害于社會和心理健康的，

16、文中建議人們要理智地交流并尊重那些與自己的意見不同的人們。 3．Why do psychologists encourage people to stop attacking each other online? A．The social problems are too complex to figure out. B．The online media outlets will review the comments. C．The action does harm to society and individuals. D．The Internet users are easily

17、 attached to hot topics. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第二句話可以看出心理學家呼吁人們避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，并給出理由“because it actually damages society and mental health”，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊實際上對社會和(個人的)心理健康有害，所以C項正確。 4．What can we learn from the analysis by Markman? A．People are cautious to make vitriolic remarks online. B．The targets online are more l

18、ikely to be commented on. C．Understanding the literal meaning is easier than oral language. D．An argument in an angry tone can promote its power. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages”以及下文列出的三個

19、具體原因可推知，網(wǎng)上評論的某些特性使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的(攻擊)對象更易招致評論，所以B項正確。 5．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show different ways of expressing opinions. B．To reveal the severe problems of the public media. C．To raise the awareness of proper communication. D．To urge people to carry out actual of

20、fline communication. 解析：選C　寫作目的題。本篇文章某種程度上采用了典型的“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題”的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以解決問題是文章的主要意圖。從最后一段可以看出解決問題的方法，即要允許并尊重不同觀點的存在且掌握和與自己觀點不同的人溝通、協(xié)商的技巧，而C項“提升(人們)正確交流的意識”對文章的解讀正與此相對應(yīng)，所以C項正確。 C (2017·南京市、鹽城市高三模擬)Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to

21、reevaluate its ethical oversight (倫理上的疏忽) of government-funded primate (靈長類) research. Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine (they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, for

22、example), researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully. To that end, the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primate-based research — and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward. Researchers co

23、uld reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions, says David O'Connor, a pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. O'Connor is walking_the_walk:_his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates, and he immediately posts

24、all the results online. The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates. The Seattle-based Allen Institute for Brain Science, which uses rhesus macaques, small South Asian monkeys, to study the molecular basis of brain developm

25、ent, also makes all results public. O'Connor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary”. Still, he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require

26、 a change in “normative behavior” — science's strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer-reviewed journal. One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of human clinical trials, says Christine Grady, a bioethicist at the NIH. US law r

27、equires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public, even if a study fails or is inconclusive. This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results — a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice. Nancy

28、 Haigwood, director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center, also says data sharing is “the way of the future”. Her center hosts 4,800 primates to study a variety of human diseases. She currently contributes results from her center to O'Connor's website. “I don't see a drawback，” she says. “W

29、e have to share data more quickly.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了更人道地對待靈長類動物，在實驗過程中減少對它們的傷害，研究者之間應(yīng)該做到數(shù)據(jù)共享，增加實驗數(shù)據(jù)的透明度。 6．What does Congress think of the primate research? A．It has done a great deal of good to advances in biomedicine. B．It is a huge waste of money to conduct research on primates. C．Primate-ba

30、sed research must be stopped for moral reasons. D．Proper attention should be given to treating primates humanely. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Last year Congress issued a moral call ... primate (靈長類) research.”及“... researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and ...”可知，美國國會要求研究

31、人員更人道地對待靈長類動物。 7．The underlined phrase “walking the walk” in Paragraph 2 shows that O'Connor ________. A．is the leader in fighting Zika virus in primates B．is walking away from his own responsibility C．is carrying out what he has said he should do D．is taking a tough road when posting his data

32、 解析：選C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分后面的內(nèi)容可知，他的實驗室把所有的研究結(jié)果公布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，這與他前面所說的研究人員可以通過數(shù)據(jù)共享來減少對非人靈長類動物所做的實驗一致，所以此處指他在踐行他說的話。 8．According to O'Connor, what might prevent scientists from sharing their data? A．The deep-rooted culture that data should be kept secret until published. B．The fact that scientists are reluctant

33、to change their way of research. C．The requirement that most clinical trials should be registered online. D．The fear that they will be laughed at if a study fails or is inconclusive. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“... because it would require a change in ‘normative behavior’ — science's strong culture of

34、secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer-reviewed journal”可知，阻礙數(shù)據(jù)共享的是人們根深蒂固的文化，即在出版之前研究數(shù)據(jù)必須保密。 9．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Merciless Practice of Primate Research B．To Treat Primates More Humanely: Transparency C．To Abandon Experimen

35、ts on Primates: Final Goal D．The Burden of Research on Nonhuman Primates 解析：選B　標題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講的是為了更人道地對待靈長類動物，在實驗過程中減少對它們的傷害，研究人員應(yīng)該和他人共享實驗數(shù)據(jù)，做到實驗數(shù)據(jù)的透明。所以選擇B。 D (2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研)Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language? That's just one of the questions The New Yorker's w

36、riter and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her autobiography, about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose name — Olivier — she couldn't even pronounce properly. When in French ranges from the humorously personal story to a deeper look at various theori

37、es of language acquisition and linguistics (語言學)． The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground: his continent, my language”. But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Olivier's work. The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss — “nearly speechless”. The language bar

38、rier, and her dependence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely, but not ridiculous” Geneva. She comments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. To be cut off from it is to be, in a sense, homeless.” Her sense of alienation (

39、疏離感) leads to an examination of America's miserable record when it comes to foreign languages.“Linguists call America ‘the graveyard of languages’ because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations，” Collins writes. Educate

40、d in Wilmington, N. C. , and at Princeton, she could — like the vast majority of Americans — only speak their mother tongue. Eight months after she moved to Switzerland, Collins gave up on the natural acquisition of language and finally attended a French course.As she struggles with grammar and voc

41、abulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形異義). “Although it's difficult, French can be tried，” she says. French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn, es

42、pecially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “ English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance (遺產(chǎn)), but I've wo

43、rked for every bit of French I've banked.” Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins' goals for learning French were more modest. “I wanted to speak French and to sound like a North Carolinian.” She also wanted to be able to deal with the chi

44、mney sweep and butchers, communicate with her in-laws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language”. She admits that she feels different speaking French. “Its austerity (樸素) made me feel more confused.” Readers looking for the romantic spark of classic cross-cultural love stories featuring an outgoi

45、ng American and a shy Frenchman will find flashes of it here. Among the many cultural differences the couple argue over is her enthusiastic American habit of applying the verb love to express enthusiasm for shoes, strawberries, and husbands alike. But there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic

46、 comedy, and those who have weathered linguistic crossings themselves tend to find particular resonance (共鳴) in its inquiry into language, identity, and transcultural translation. Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses, When in French works its way from The Past Perfect (Le Plus-que-parfait) to

47、 The Present (Le Présent) and The Conditional (Le Conditionnel). Collins ends on a delightful note with Le Futur — fitting for a new mother about to move with her hard-won French husband, French language, and Swiss-born daughter to the French-speaking city of her dreams, Paris. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了L

48、auren Collins的自傳When in French的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 10．Which of the following statements is TRUE about When in French? A．It describes how most American people learn French. B．It introduces a variety of theories about French learning. C．The author tells her experiences in a serious way. D．The book offers a tra

49、ditional way of learning a foreign language. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話中的“a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (語言學)”可知，When in French探討了語言習得的不同理論和語言學。 11．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “voluble” in Paragraph 2? A．Graceful.　　

50、　　　　 B．Dependent. C．Talkative. D．Energetic. 解析：選C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“normally”和“nearly speechless”可知，通常情況下，Lauren Collins是很健談的，但是在新的環(huán)境下她因為語言不通而感到不知所措，幾乎說不出話。由此可知，voluble表示的應(yīng)是與speechless相反的意思，故選C。 12．Why do linguists call America “the graveyard of languages”？ A．Because other languages are prohibit

51、ed in America. B．Because only English-speaking people can immigrate into America. C．Because immigrants' native languages contradict English in America. D．Because American culture swallows up immigrants' native languages gradually. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“its singular ability to take in millions of i

52、mmigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations”可知，語言學家之所以將美國稱作“語言的墓地”是因為美國文化會逐漸地“吞噬”移民的母語。 13．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5? A．Collins' English vocabulary knowledge contributes little to her French learning. B．Collins has found out some effective wa

53、ys of mastering French words. C．Arabic or Mandarin Chinese is easier to learn than French for English speakers. D．It's terrifying for Collins to have French words in store for practical use. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Collins notes smartly ... ‘Although it's difficult, French can be tried，’ she says”，第五

54、段中的“finds plenty of terrific French words to love”和“but I've worked for every bit of French I've banked”可知，Lauren Collins在學習法語方面找到了竅門，并且逐漸取得進步。 14．The example of Jhumpa Lahiri in the passage is given to show that________. A．Collins aims at using French for her daily life B．Collins wants to apply

55、French to serve her writing C．it's inappropriate for Jhumpa Lahiri to write in another language D．foreign language always makes learners feel complicated about life 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I wanted to speak French”和“She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate w

56、ith her in-laws, and ‘to touch Olivier in his own language’”可知，Lauren Collins學習法語是為了給她的日常生活提供便利。 15．Which of the following items are mentioned by the author of this book review? ①the theme　?、趖he structure　?、踭he publisher?、躷he popularity　?、輙he writing style A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①②⑤ D．①③⑤ 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。第一段中的最后一句“When in French ranges from ...acquisition and linguistics (語言學)”介紹了這本書的主題；最后一段中的“Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses ...”介紹了這本書的結(jié)構(gòu)；第一段中的“humorously personal story”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic comedy”表明這本書的寫作風格是風趣幽默的。