詩(shī)歌翻譯技巧課件

《詩(shī)歌翻譯技巧課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《詩(shī)歌翻譯技巧課件（36頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),2020/5/8,,?#?,詩(shī)歌翻譯技巧,,1,,翻譯要講究信、達(dá)、雅三點(diǎn),，當(dāng)然詩(shī)歌翻譯也不例外，在原則上要遵循嚴(yán)復(fù)先生的信、達(dá)、雅，而且,文化適應(yīng)性,是文化翻譯的一個(gè)很重要的概念，,文化適應(yīng)性原則在詩(shī)歌的翻譯中占據(jù)著重要的地位并起著積極的作用,。不同的語(yǔ)言，因其不同的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣、文化差異因素，在翻譯過(guò)程中必須充分考慮其中。在翻譯過(guò)程中，必須調(diào)動(dòng)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的一切手段來(lái)盡力再現(xiàn)原文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。,2,1,漢譯英,,詩(shī)的范疇（古代詩(shī)歌）,Classification of Ancient Poetry,詩(shī)按音律分

2、,(Sound and rhythm),,（,1,）,古體詩(shī),：,包括古詩(shī)（唐以前的詩(shī)歌）、楚辭、樂(lè)府詩(shī),.,,A form of pre-Tang poetry, usu. having five or seven characters to each line, without strict tonal patterns or rhyme schemes,,（,2,）,近體詩(shī),:,絕句,+,律詩(shī),,“,modern style” poetry, referring to innovations in classical poetry during the Tang Dynasty, mar

3、ked by strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes,,（,3,）,詞,：,又稱(chēng)為詩(shī)余、長(zhǎng)短句、曲子、曲子詞、樂(lè)府等。,,Ci, a type of classical Chinese poetry,,（,4,）,曲,：,又稱(chēng)為詞余、樂(lè)府。元曲包括散曲和雜劇。,,Qu, a type of verse for singing, popular in the Yuan Dynasty,3,按內(nèi)容來(lái)分類(lèi),(Contents),,,（,1,）懷古詩(shī)（,Nostalgic Poetry,）,（,2,）詠物詩(shī),(Object-Chanting Poetry

4、 ),,（,3,）山水田園詩(shī),(Pastoral poetry),,（,4,）戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)詩(shī),(Poetry of war),,（,5,）行旅詩(shī),(Poetry of travelling),,,（,6,）閨怨詩(shī),(Poetry of boudoir repinings,,),（,7,）送別詩(shī),(Farewell poetry),,,4,詩(shī)的范疇（現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌）,Classification of Modern Poetry,按照作品內(nèi)容的表達(dá)方式,(Ways of expression),（,1,）,敘事詩(shī),：,詩(shī)中有比較完整的故事情節(jié)和人物形象，通常以詩(shī)人滿懷激情的歌唱方式來(lái)表現(xiàn)。,,Narrativ

5、e poems: complete plot and characters,,（,2,）,抒情詩(shī),：,主要通過(guò)直接抒發(fā)詩(shī)人的思想感情來(lái)反映社會(huì)生活，不要求描述完整的故事情節(jié)和人物形象。如，情歌、頌歌、哀歌、挽歌、牧歌和諷刺詩(shī)。,,Lyrics: full release of the poet’s emotion,,,當(dāng)然，敘事和抒情也不是絕然分割的,。,,Sometimes they two are interwoven.,5,按照語(yǔ)言的音韻格律和結(jié)構(gòu)形式,(rhyme and structure),,（,1,）,格律詩(shī),：,是按照一定格式和規(guī)則寫(xiě)成的詩(shī)歌。它對(duì)詩(shī)的行數(shù)、詩(shī)句的字?jǐn)?shù)（或音節(jié)）

6、、聲調(diào)音韻、詞語(yǔ)對(duì)仗、句式排列等有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，,Metrical poetry: strict requirements on form, rhyme, number of character and lines, sentence pattern, etc.,,（,2,）,自由詩(shī),：,不受格律限制，無(wú)固定格式，注重自然的、內(nèi)在的節(jié)奏，押大致相近的韻或不押韻，字?jǐn)?shù)、行數(shù)、句式、音調(diào)都比較自由，語(yǔ)言比較通俗。,,Free verse: free form and popular language,,（,3,）,散文詩(shī),：,兼有散文和詩(shī)的特點(diǎn)。作品中有詩(shī)的意境和激情，常常富有哲理，注重自然的節(jié)奏感和

7、音樂(lè)美，篇幅短小，像散文一樣不分行，不押韻，如，魯迅的,《,野草,》,。,Prose poetry: a mixture of characteristics of prose and poetry,,,,,,,6,詩(shī)的難譯因素分析,Analysis of untranslatable factors,1.,意境。,意境本身是一種抽象的藝術(shù)形態(tài)，但這種抽象的形態(tài),，卻能夠表達(dá)出詩(shī)歌的本質(zhì)甚至靈魂。,The artistic conception. Artistic conception is a kind of abstract art form, but this kind of abstr

8、act form, can express the poetry is the essence and soul.,7,,,2.,詩(shī)歌的形式。準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)，詩(shī)歌的形式包括其內(nèi)部的韻律以及外部的形 式，韻律就像是詩(shī)歌的聲音，是詩(shī)歌的音樂(lè)特征；而外部形式就像是詩(shī)歌的外衣，是詩(shī)歌區(qū)別于其他文學(xué)作品的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)。,,In the form of poetry. To be exact, in the form of poetry, including its internal and external forms of rhythm, rhythm sounds like poetry, music

9、 features poetry; while the outer coat is like a form of poetry is a poetry different from other literary works important characteristics.,8,3.,詩(shī)的表現(xiàn)手法,Techniques of Expression,賦：是直接陳述事物的表現(xiàn)手法。,,Fu, to narrate things directly,比：是用比喻的方法描繪事物，表達(dá)思想感情。如，,《,詩(shī)經(jīng),》,中的,《,螽斯,》《,碩鼠,》,等篇。,,Bi, to dipict things wit

10、h figures of speech,興：是托物起興，即借某一事物開(kāi)頭來(lái)引起正題要描述的事物和表現(xiàn)思想感情的寫(xiě)法。如,《,詩(shī)經(jīng),》,中的,《,關(guān)雎,》《,桃夭,》,等篇。,,Xing, to start a topic by borrowing something else,比擬,Metaphor&personification,夸張,Hyperbole,Eg: “,飛流直下,三千,尺，疑是銀河落,九天,”,,Its torrent dashes down three,thousand feet,from high,As if the Silver River fell from the,b

11、lue sky,,借代,Metonymy,,,,,,,9,,,4.,特殊的含義,Unique meaning,Eg:,李商隱：春蠶到死,絲,方盡，蠟炬成灰淚始干。,（“絲”通“思”：,death&heartbeat,）,,劉禹錫,《,竹枝詞,》:,楊柳青青江水平，聞郎江上唱歌聲。東邊日出西邊雨，道是無(wú),晴,卻有,晴,.,,（“晴”通“情”：,sunny&love,）,The English translation could only gain one meaning and lose the other.,英語(yǔ)里只能二者擇其一，無(wú)法像原文一般一箭雙雕。,,5.,特殊的字與聲的組合,Uniqu

12、e combination of character and sound,李清照,《,聲聲慢,》: “,尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚,”,And so on………,,,,,10,詩(shī)的翻譯策略與原則,Translation strategies of Poetry,,古詩(shī)詞翻譯的“三美”原則,.,,佳譯需要傳達(dá)原詩(shī)的“意美”、“音美”和“形美”，能使讀詩(shī)的外國(guó)讀者能夠從譯作中獲得盡可能與本國(guó)讀者一樣多的共鳴和美的享受。應(yīng)該注意的是，音、形、意“三美”并非鼎足三分。在三者不可兼得的情況下，我們主張首先考慮保存原詩(shī)的意美，其次保存音美，再次是形美。,11,,Ancient poems tra

13、nslated "Three Beauties" principle .,Good translation should convey the original poem "meaning beauty", "sound beauty" and "form beauty“, can make the foreign readers to read poetry from translation their readers as much as possible to understand and enjoy the beauty. It should be noted, sound, shap

14、e, meaning "Three Beauties" is not three rival powers. In the case of the three can not have both, we advocate the first consider keep the original poem meaning beauty, second to save sound beauty, form beauty is again.,,,,,,,12,,天凈沙,·,秋思,Autumn Thinking-to the tune of Sky Scours Sand,馬致遠(yuǎn),by Ma Zhi

15、yuan,枯藤老樹(shù)昏鴉。,Sear vines , old trees and crows in twilight.,小橋流水人家。,A small bridge, flowing water and cottages in sight.,古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。,An ancient rood, a lean horse in the westerly wind.,夕陽(yáng)西下，,The westering sun down wend,,斷腸人在天涯。,A heart-broken man is at heaven's end.,,13,,王維的,《,鳥(niǎo)鳴澗,》,人閑桂花落，夜靜春山空。月出驚山鳥(niǎo)，時(shí)鳴春

16、澗中。,譯文,1①,：,,Bird-Chirpping Hollow,The light beams of the moon on the earth softly rain,?The night is quiet, the spring mount empty,?The moon’s up-rise the birds doth frighten To cry now and then in the springtide hollow.,,譯文,2②,：,The Dale of Singing Birds,I hear osmanthus blooms fall unenjoyed,；,Wh

17、en night comes, hills dissolve in the void. The rising moon arouses birds to sing; Their fitful twitters fill the dale with spring.,,譯文,3③,：,Bird-Singing Stream,Man at leisure. Cassia flowers fall. Quiet night. Spring mountain is empty. Moon rises. Startles--a mountain bird.?It sings at times in t

18、he spring stream.,,,,,,,,14,,Three versions of the translations have their advantages, but the best translation 3. Choose the amount and terms of stylistic translation from 1 to 3 translations, fewer and fewer words, the body language, asked three simple and plain, the most faithful to the original

19、poem. 2 more consistent with the translation of a translation, both for "bird" word translation are complex. The translation was alone choose three singular form, so that it better translation of the original poem translated creating tranquil mood. Such exhibits better mood poetry.,,,三個(gè)版本的譯文，各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但以

20、譯文,3,最好。用詞多寡和語(yǔ)體的選擇 從譯文,1,到譯文,3,，用詞愈來(lái)愈少，語(yǔ)體上，譯文,3,簡(jiǎn)潔樸素，最為忠實(shí)原詩(shī)。譯文,1,與譯文,2,比較一致，兩者對(duì)“鳥(niǎo)”字的譯法均為復(fù)數(shù)。而譯文三卻獨(dú)自選擇單數(shù)形式，這樣它的譯文較好地譯出了原詩(shī)創(chuàng)造的靜謐的意境。這樣更能表現(xiàn)出詩(shī)歌的意境。,15,翻譯古詩(shī)詞中疊字的處理方法,語(yǔ)義對(duì)等翻譯,。,語(yǔ)義對(duì)等是指在譯文的句法和語(yǔ)義規(guī)范允許的范圍內(nèi)再現(xiàn)原文作者在特定的上下文中所表達(dá)的確切含義,,,因此譯者應(yīng)從多方面考慮疊字的詞義,,,選擇與漢語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)詞匯,.,Eg:1.,若疊字具有“ 每” 的意思時(shí),,,英語(yǔ)可譯成,each, every,等詞若不強(qiáng)調(diào)“ 每

21、一個(gè)”,,,可用復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)譯。,如：夜夜相思更湯殘。韋莊,《,洗溪沙,》each night I long for you till the water clock the fades.,許淵沖譯,2.,運(yùn)用擬聲詞和顏色詞。如,車(chē)擠麟,,,馬蕭蕭。杜甫,《,兵車(chē)行,》,Chariots rumble, and hordes grumble.,許淵沖譯,,16,,3.,運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞。,思悠悠,,,恨悠悠,,,恨到何時(shí)方始休。白居易,《,長(zhǎng)相思,》,My thought stretches endlessly; my grief wretches endlessly.,Oh, when will my

22、 beloved come back to me ?,,許淵沖譯,“ 悠悠” 指無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的樣子,,,在這里是,名詞做動(dòng)詞用,,,與上一行的動(dòng)詞形成對(duì),仗,,,勾畫(huà)出一位閨中少婦倚樓眺望,,,思念久別未歸,的丈夫的情景,,17,,,語(yǔ)用對(duì)等翻譯,。,具體地說(shuō),,,就是在詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義等語(yǔ)言學(xué)的不同層次上,,,不拘泥于原文的形式,,,只求保存原作的內(nèi)容,,,用譯文中最切近而又最自然的對(duì)等語(yǔ)將這個(gè)內(nèi)容表達(dá)出來(lái),,,以求等效。,Eg:,十年生死兩茫茫。蘇軾,《,江城子,》,Ten years parted one living , one dead.(,楊憲益、戴乃迭譯,),,通過(guò)英語(yǔ)中的押韻體現(xiàn)重

23、復(fù),。,欲去又依依 韋莊,《,女冠子,》,you’d go away but stop to stay.,許淵沖譯,以和譯“ 依依”,,,這兩個(gè)詞都以,音開(kāi)頭,,,押頭韻,,,再現(xiàn)了雙聲疊韻,,,起到了加強(qiáng)節(jié),奏、渲染氣氛的作用讀者似乎可以感覺(jué)到詩(shī)中人,物那種留戀徘徊、不忍分離的心理狀態(tài)使整個(gè)句子讀起來(lái)音韻十分優(yōu)美。,,18,,,總結(jié),Conclusion,形式上的變通,,flexbility in form,思想感情的融通,,emotional accomodation,深層文化上的溝通,,cultural communication,19,翻譯鑒賞篇,Translatio

24、n Evaluation,,上邪！,我欲與君相知,長(zhǎng)命無(wú)決衰,山,無(wú)棱,江水為竭,冬雷,震震,夏雨,雪,天地合,乃敢與君,絕,,,,,The Pledge,Oh heaven high!,I will love him,Forever till I die.,Till mountains crumble,,Rivers run dry.,In winter thunder rumbles,,In summer snow fall far and high.,And the earth mingle with the skies,,Not till then will my love die.,

25、20,,見(jiàn)與不見(jiàn) 倉(cāng)英嘉措,你見(jiàn)，或者不見(jiàn)我,It’s doesn’t matter if you see me or not,我就在那里,I am standing right there,不悲不喜,With no emotion,你念，或者不念我,It’s doesn’t matter if you miss me or not,情就在那里,The feeling is right there,不來(lái)不去,And it isn’t going anywhere,你愛(ài)或者不愛(ài)我,It’s doesn’t matter if you love me or not,愛(ài)就在那里,Love is r

26、ight there,不增不減,It is not going to change,你跟，或者不跟我,It’s doesn’t matter if you are with me or not,我的手就在你的手里,My hand is in your hand,不舍不棄,And I am not going to let go,來(lái)我懷里,Let me embrace you,或者,or,讓我住進(jìn)你的心里,Let me live in your heart to entirely,默然相愛(ài),Silence Love,寂靜喜歡,Calmness Joy,,21,再別康橋 徐志摩,,,輕輕的我走了，

27、 正如我輕輕的來(lái)； 我輕輕地招手， 作別西天的云彩。 那河畔的金柳， 是夕陽(yáng)中的新娘， 波光里的艷影， 在我的心頭蕩漾。 軟泥上的青荇， 油油的在水底招搖； 在康河的柔波里， 我甘做一條水草,!,,,那榆陰下的一潭， 不是清泉，是天上虹 揉碎在浮藻間， 沉淀著彩虹似的夢(mèng)。 尋夢(mèng)？撐一支長(zhǎng)篙， 向青草更青處漫溯， 滿載一船星輝， 在星輝斑斕里放歌。 但我不能放歌,,,悄悄是別離的笙簫； 夏蟲(chóng)也為我沉默， 沉默是今晚的康橋！ 悄悄的我走了， 正如我悄悄的來(lái)； 我揮一揮衣袖， 不帶走一片云彩,.,,22,參考譯文（,Reference Ve

28、rsion,）,,Goodbye Again, Cambridge! I leave softly, gently, Exactly as I came. I wave to the western sky, Telling it goodbye softly, gently. The golden willow at the river edge Is the setting sun‘s bride. Her quivering reflection Stays fixed in my mind. Green grass on the bank Dances on a w

29、atery floor In bright reflection. I wish myself a bit of waterweed Vibrating to the ripple. Of the River Cam. That creek in the shade of the great elms  Is not a creek but a shattered rainbow, Printed on the water And inlaid with duckweed, It is my lost dream.,,Hunting a dream? Wielding a

30、long punting pole I get my boat into green water, Into still greener grass. In a flood of starlight On a river of silver and diamond I sing to my heart‘s content. But now, no, I cannot sing With farewell in my heart. Farewells must be quiet, mute, Even the summer insects are silent, Knowin

31、g I am leaving. The Cambridge night is soundless. I leave quietly As I came quietly. I am leaving Without taking so much As a piece of cloud. But with a quick jerk of my sleave I wave goodbye.,,23,英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌的特點(diǎn),（,1,）語(yǔ)言的,音韻美,和,節(jié)奏感,押韻是詩(shī)體與其它文體的最大區(qū)別之一。英文詩(shī)常用的韻有①頭韻，與漢語(yǔ)的,",雙聲,",相似；②腹韻，（如,sweet,與,sleep,）；

32、③尾韻。,詩(shī)歌其有規(guī)律的輕重抑揚(yáng)變化，構(gòu)成了詩(shī)的節(jié)奏美。,,2,英譯漢,24,,（,2,） 破格與變異,詩(shī)人為了,適應(yīng)節(jié)奏格律的需要,，可以使用一些特殊的縮略形式（如,tis=it is, o‘er=over,），以減少音節(jié)數(shù)；還可以調(diào)整詞序、主謂倒置、動(dòng)賓倒置等。這些就是具表現(xiàn)力的,破格,。,變異是對(duì)語(yǔ)言常規(guī)的有意偏離,，是詩(shī)人尋新求異的一種手法，是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng)造性的使用。變異可以發(fā)生在詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的各個(gè)層面上，如語(yǔ)音、拼寫(xiě)、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、詩(shī)式等。詩(shī)在語(yǔ)音上的變異主要表現(xiàn)在單詞的某些音節(jié)的省略、重音甚至整個(gè)發(fā)音的改變。,,25,（,3,）詞句的,重復(fù)與修辭格,的廣泛運(yùn)用,詩(shī)歌中常重復(fù)一些詞句或詩(shī)行，

33、用以抒發(fā)真摯深沉的情感，或是用以渲染某種氣氛（如回環(huán)往復(fù)的纏綿），或是用以增強(qiáng)詩(shī)的歌唱性。詩(shī)歌中又大量運(yùn)用修辭格，尤是是各種各樣的明喻、暗喻、比擬用得最多。,,,26,（,4,） 豐富的,意象與象征,所謂意象，是指那些可以引起人的感官反應(yīng)的具體形象和畫(huà)面，分為視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、動(dòng)覺(jué)、通聯(lián)等。這些意象不僅喚起人們的某種體驗(yàn)，更常常具有鮮明或隱晦的象征意義，是許多優(yōu)秀詩(shī)篇所具有的共性。,,,27,You say that you love rain,,but you open your umbrella when it rains.,You say that you love the

34、sun,,but you find a shadow spot when the sun shines.,You say that you love the wind,,but you close your windows when wind blows.,This is why I am afraid,,because you say that you love me too.”,神翻譯,28,普通版,你說(shuō)你喜歡雨，但是下雨的時(shí)候你卻撐開(kāi)了傘；,你說(shuō)你喜歡陽(yáng)光，但當(dāng)陽(yáng)光播撒的時(shí)候，你卻躲在陰涼之地；,你說(shuō)你喜歡風(fēng)，但清風(fēng)撲面的時(shí)候，你卻關(guān)上了窗戶。,我害怕你對(duì)我也是如此之愛(ài)。,,29,女漢子

35、版,你有本事愛(ài)雨天，,你有本事別打傘??；,你有本事愛(ài)陽(yáng)光，,你有本事別乘涼??；,你有本事愛(ài)吹風(fēng)，,你有本事別關(guān)窗??；,你有本事說(shuō)愛(ài)我，,你有本事?lián)旆试戆。?,30,文藝版,你說(shuō)煙雨微芒，蘭亭遠(yuǎn)望,;,,后來(lái)輕攬婆娑，深遮霓裳。,你說(shuō)春光爛漫，綠袖紅香,;,,后來(lái)內(nèi)掩西樓，靜立卿旁。,你說(shuō)軟風(fēng)輕拂，醉臥思量,;,,后來(lái)緊掩門(mén)窗，漫帳成殤。,你說(shuō)情絲柔腸，如何相忘,;,,我卻眼波微轉(zhuǎn)，兀自成霜。,,,31,詩(shī)經(jīng)版,子言慕雨，啟傘避之。,子言好陽(yáng)，尋蔭拒之。,子言喜風(fēng)，闔戶離之。,子言偕老，吾所畏之。,,32,離騷版,君樂(lè)雨兮啟傘枝，,君樂(lè)晝兮林蔽日，,君樂(lè)風(fēng)兮欄帳起，,君樂(lè)吾兮吾心噬。,,,33,五言詩(shī)版,戀雨偏打傘，愛(ài)陽(yáng)卻遮涼。,風(fēng)來(lái)掩窗扉，葉公驚龍王。,片言只語(yǔ)短，相思繾倦長(zhǎng)。,郎君說(shuō)愛(ài)我，不敢細(xì)思量。,,,34,七言絕句版,戀雨卻怕繡衣濕，喜日偏向樹(shù)下倚。,欲風(fēng)總把綺窗關(guān)，叫奴如何心付伊。,,35,七律壓軸版,江南三月雨微茫，羅傘疊煙濕幽香。,夏日微醺正可人，卻傍佳木趁蔭涼。,霜風(fēng)清和更初霽，輕蹙蛾眉鎖朱窗。,憐卿一片相思意，猶恐流年拆鴛鴦。,,,36,