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1、,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,*,April 27,2013,山下先生,1.,不用單詞本,背閱讀,聽(tīng)力里出現(xiàn)的生詞。,2.,試卷不要少做,也不要多做??偨Y(jié)好每一張?jiān)嚲恚匾?3.,一件事情堅(jiān)持做,21,天,就會(huì)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。,0.先讀第一第二題的題干,1.略讀全文前幾段,
2、把握文章大意 1m,2.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位原文,3.以原文為依據(jù),進(jìn)行同義替換、判斷推理。,4.依順序做題,1+4+4 讀題干 略讀文章 做題,1、列舉處,列舉處指的是first,,second,,third,等逐步列出,然后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中,選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。該考點(diǎn)常出題型是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。,2.強(qiáng)調(diào)處,the only only在句首做狀語(yǔ),It is that,3、舉例子打比喻的地方,為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、更加明確,作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方,句中常由as,such as,for example,for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為舉例句,這些例句或比喻成
3、為命題者提問(wèn)的焦點(diǎn)??忌枳⒁獾氖抢踊虮扔饕话闶呛臀恼禄蚨温渲行木o密相關(guān)的,常以,“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性”題型和“推斷性”題型出現(xiàn),,但偏傾于“推斷性”題型。,關(guān)注其前或后總結(jié)性的句子,4.引用人物論斷處,作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù),常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以“,推理性,”題為主,有時(shí)也出,“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性”,題型。,09.6-58 According to Scot Hahn,one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that_,5、轉(zhuǎn)折處與強(qiáng)對(duì)比處,一般而言,轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn),
4、命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過(guò)however,but,yet,in fact等詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。,強(qiáng)對(duì)比常由unlike,until,not so muchas等詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)。命題者常對(duì)用來(lái)對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。此類考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在,邏輯推理型題,中,少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其它題型中。,6、,復(fù)雜句,復(fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處,包括同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句后半句,從句、不定式、副詞等,命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子之間指代關(guān)系。文章段落之間關(guān)系的理解,常以邏輯推理題型出現(xiàn),包括少量其它題型。,突破長(zhǎng)難句:四級(jí)閱讀中的很多句子都比較長(zhǎng),很多句子都在20個(gè)單詞以上,它們不時(shí)地出沒(méi)于四級(jí)閱讀中,構(gòu)成了一個(gè)個(gè)
5、obstacle。例如,,09.6 Passage two:,Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair,the technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.,從09年6月四級(jí)考試閱讀理解第二篇文章也可以看出四級(jí)閱讀中部分句子的結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度。,Scott Hahn,cofounder wit
6、h Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.,實(shí)用的原則:修飾成分全找出來(lái)之后,,用括號(hào)把每個(gè)修飾成分括起來(lái),,留在括號(hào)外面的就是主干,然后,按照一般順序,謂語(yǔ)在前,賓語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ))在后,這樣我們就有了主謂賓(或主系表)的主干結(jié)構(gòu)了,最后把修飾成分按對(duì)應(yīng)的位置加上去,整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就把握住了。,另外,要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),也可以有自己的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。,1.雙重否定句
7、負(fù)負(fù)得正,把兩個(gè)表示否定的結(jié)構(gòu)都去掉。No,not,hardly,seldom,never little,few,small 應(yīng)注意的詞根詞綴 de-/dis-/un-/in-,There are probably,no,questions(that)we can think up that,cant,be answered,sooner or later,including even the matter of consciousness.,Man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning natu
8、re he can think up.,2.分詞做狀語(yǔ)類(主干,現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞),Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884.,3.定語(yǔ)從句類,規(guī)律:找真正的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),如
9、果定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ),找第二個(gè)可以做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,第一個(gè)是屬于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。,Tips.先括出定語(yǔ)從句部分,跳出從句,抓住主干再解題。,4.倒裝句類,類型 1)only/not only/nor/neither在句首,2)介詞短語(yǔ)在句首,Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.,找主語(yǔ) along with-prep them-objective
10、 form so,social mobility 后面兩個(gè)同位語(yǔ),Tips:分析詞性找出謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ),將主語(yǔ)調(diào)至謂語(yǔ)之前再理解文章。,5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,It isthat,應(yīng)對(duì)方法:,多訓(xùn)練,熟悉句式,把讀到過(guò)的四級(jí)文章中的所有的看不懂的長(zhǎng)難句全部,總結(jié),起來(lái),摘抄到一個(gè)本子上面,,翻譯,。當(dāng)翻譯到25句的時(shí)候,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)難句不過(guò)那么五六種。當(dāng)看到26句的時(shí)候,你會(huì)馬上給它歸類。,(一)答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng),這些詞有:,must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,no,completely,none,hardly,等。,(二)選項(xiàng)中含有不十分
11、肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。,這些語(yǔ)氣詞有:can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily 等。,(09.12-64)What do we learn about European universities from the passage?,D.Most of their revenues come from the government.,(三)選項(xiàng)中照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng),而同義替換的一般是選項(xiàng)。,
12、(四)較全面、有針對(duì)性地表達(dá)文章中心思想的,選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體的、膚淺的(字面意思)一般不是答案項(xiàng),而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。,(09.12-58)What is the common stereotype of African women according to the author?,AThey are victims of family violence.,B.they are of an inferior social group.,C.they use quite a lot of body language.,D.they live on cha
13、rity and social welfare.,(分析:題意是“非洲婦女的模式化形象是什么”A“家暴的受害者”;C“肢體語(yǔ)言很多”;D項(xiàng)“靠救濟(jì)金生活”。這三項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思都比較具體,而B項(xiàng)則概括地有深度,包括了A、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,社會(huì)地位低。),1.經(jīng)常與中心有關(guān),2.位置:和復(fù)雜句,長(zhǎng)難句,轉(zhuǎn)折句有關(guān),或是段首句、段尾句,3.原則:同義替換 正話反說(shuō) 反話正說(shuō),4.語(yǔ)氣:不肯定語(yǔ)氣詞 委婉表達(dá)用詞,May might possible not necessarily,5.具有概括性和深刻性,題型介紹,命題規(guī)律,細(xì)節(jié)題70%,、主旨題、推斷題、態(tài)度題、語(yǔ)義題,c.原文出處,1)邏輯關(guān)系處(,
14、因果、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折,),2)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(,冒號(hào);分號(hào);破折號(hào);小括號(hào),),3)特殊標(biāo)記(,時(shí)間、數(shù)字、含大寫字母、斜體,),解題步驟:,定位分析,和,選項(xiàng)分析,舉例、列舉處 關(guān)鍵詞:for example,such as,firstly,on the other hand,in addition not onlybut also,例證題 example 看不懂沒(méi)關(guān)系,查例證周圍區(qū)域,10%向下,,90%向上,特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)處 如引號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào),指代關(guān)系 關(guān)鍵詞如:it,that these those they,轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比之后的觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞:but,however,rather,yet,ins
15、tead,強(qiáng)調(diào)處 only,比較處 morethan less.than most,關(guān)鍵詞:同義替換,細(xì)節(jié)題特點(diǎn):,1、答案不跨段。,2、90%根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位。10%利用題目的順序。,3、考點(diǎn)不重復(fù)。,細(xì)節(jié)題:,a.看題干、劃出定位詞,b.看一題,定位一題,查讀一題,c.對(duì)比原文與題干,找出異同或丟失信息,解題,主旨題技巧:,a.首末段(總分總),b.一段話的首末句,c.特殊情況(轉(zhuǎn)折句;強(qiáng)調(diào)句;重復(fù)),conclude 1、如果該詞在第一題,通??嘉恼?主題,。2、如果該詞在中間題,通常考中間段落的,主題,。3、如果該詞在第五題,通??嘉恼轮黝}或者最后一段的,主題,。,(1)positive
16、(積極的)(2)negative(消極的)(3)neutral(中立的)(4)approval(贊成的)(5)disapproval(不贊成的)(6)indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)(7)sarcastic(諷刺的)(8)critical(批評(píng)的)(9)optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)(10)pessimistic(悲觀的),11.biased 12.objective 13.subjective,14.partial 15.impartial 16.sensitive,17.puzzled 18.scared 19.gloomy,20.content 21.doubtful 22.cautious,23.supportive 24.opposition 25.suspicion,26.contempt 27.tolerance 28.dissatisfaction,不要摻雜自己的觀點(diǎn),看清誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)的態(tài)度。,