大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法課件

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1、,,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,,,,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題輔導(dǎo),,專(zhuān)題一：重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題輔導(dǎo)專(zhuān)題一：重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分,第一章,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,,虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái)表示一種假設(shè)、意愿、建議、請(qǐng)求等不可能成為事實(shí)的情況。,,1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句,,非真實(shí)條件句，往往表示一種不真實(shí)的假設(shè)。一般地，非真實(shí)條件句由連接詞,If,引導(dǎo)，但也可以省略，還有其它一些形式的非真實(shí)條件句。,,,第一章 虛

2、擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái),1．1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式,,,,在,If,引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有以下特殊形式：,,1．1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式?在If引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，,與現(xiàn)在,從 句,,did,were, V-ed,事實(shí)相反,,主 句,,would(should,could,might)+v.,,與過(guò)去,從 句,,had+V-ed/been,事實(shí)相反,主 句,would(should,could, might),+ have+v-ed,,對(duì)未來(lái)的,從 句,,were to/should+ v,,虛擬推測(cè),主 句,,would(should,coul

3、d,might)+v.,,與現(xiàn)在 從 句 did,were, V-,1.1.1.和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句,,這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況。比如：,,--,I would/should certainly go if I had the time.,如果我有時(shí)間，我一定會(huì)去的。,--If I were your father, I would criticize you more severely.,,如果我是你父親，我會(huì)更嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)你。,,1.1.1.和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句 這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條,,--,How nice it would be if y

4、ou could stay a bit longer,！,如果你能久留些日子，那多好?。?,--,If I knew his address ,I would be able to write to him .,如果我知道他的地址，我就能給他寫(xiě)信了。,--,If he were here ,he might be able to help.,如果他在這里，他或許會(huì)幫忙的。,,,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法課件,1.1.2.和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句,,,這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句表示過(guò)去未發(fā)生的事情，和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。比如：,,,1.1.2.和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句 這類(lèi)非真,--,If I

5、had left a little earlier ,I would have caught the train.,如果我早一點(diǎn)離開(kāi)的話，我就會(huì)趕上火車(chē)了。,--,The man,’,s life might have been saved if he had been sent to a better hospital.,如果把那個(gè)人送到一家更好的醫(yī)院的話，他也許回被救活的,,--If I had left a little earli,,--,I could have done better if I had been more careful.,我要是更細(xì)心一些的話，會(huì)做得更好的。,Yo

6、u wouldn,’,t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.,你如果多穿些衣服，就不會(huì)著涼了。,,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法課件,1.1.3.對(duì)未來(lái)事情的虛擬推測(cè),,,,,這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句表示對(duì)未來(lái)事情的虛擬推測(cè)。,,--,If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a different way.,,1.1.3.對(duì)未來(lái)事情的虛擬推測(cè)? 這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句,,這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句表示對(duì)未來(lái)事情的虛擬推測(cè)。,--,If I were to/should do it ,I would

7、do it in a different way.,如果我去做這事的話，我會(huì)用不同方式去做的。,--,If this were to happen again , we wouldn,’,t let you off so easily.,,如果這樣的事情再次發(fā)生，我們不會(huì)如此輕易的放過(guò)你的。,--,If they should dare to invade our country , we would wipe them out completely,.,,如果他們膽敢侵略我們國(guó)家，我們會(huì)將他們?nèi)肯麥绲簟?,這類(lèi)非真實(shí)條件句表示對(duì)未來(lái)事情的虛擬推測(cè)。,1.1.4.省略,If,的非真實(shí)條件句,

8、,,虛擬條件句中的連接詞,if,省略時(shí)，要把,were, had, should,移到從句的主語(yǔ)之前。比如,:,,-,--,Were I rich (=if I were rich), I would give you some money.,如果我富有的話，我會(huì)給你一些錢(qián)的。,,1.1.4.省略If的非真實(shí)條件句 虛擬條件句中的連接,--,Had I had more time (=If I had had more time), I would have finished my homework.,如果我有更多些時(shí)間，我一定已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了。,--,Should he come e

9、arly (=If he should come early), tell him to wait for his wife,.,如果他來(lái)得早，告訴他等候他的妻子。,,--Had I had more time (=If I h,1.1.5.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間非真實(shí)條件句,,主句表示的動(dòng)作和從句表示的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整,,，如果從句表示過(guò)去，而主句表示現(xiàn)在，或者從句表示現(xiàn)在，而主句表示過(guò)去，可以使用混合虛擬形式,.,,--,If she had taken the doctor,’,s advice, she wouldn,’,t be in hospital

10、now.,,如果她聽(tīng)從醫(yī)生建議的話，現(xiàn)在也就 不會(huì)住院了。,1.1.5.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間非真實(shí)條件句--If she had t,如果湯姆通過(guò)了大學(xué)考試，他現(xiàn)在就在這所大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了。,,--,If she wasn,’,t so busy now, she might have joined us in the work.,,,如果她現(xiàn)在不那么忙，她或許會(huì)參加我們的工作。,,--,Tom would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance examination.,,如果湯姆通過(guò)了大學(xué)考試，他現(xiàn)在就在這所大學(xué)

11、里學(xué)習(xí)了。--I,1.1.6.含蓄條件句,,,,英語(yǔ)中有些句子從形式上看不包含條件從句，但在意義上卻是非真實(shí)條件句，這類(lèi)句子稱(chēng)為含蓄條件句，這樣的句子可分為三類(lèi),,1.1.6.含蓄條件句?英語(yǔ)中有些句子從形式上看不包含條,1.,省略整個(gè)條件句,,--Such mistakes could have been avoided. (,省略了,if we had been more careful).,,這樣的錯(cuò)誤本來(lái)是能夠避免的。,,--,I should have caught the train. (,省略了,if I had left a little earlier,),,,我本應(yīng)該

12、趕上火車(chē)的。,,,1.省略整個(gè)條件句,2.,用介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)表示的非真實(shí)條件句,--,But for,air and water, no living thing could exist.,,沒(méi)有氧氣和水，任何生物都不能生存。,--,Without,steel, there would be hardly any industry to talk about.,沒(méi)有鋼，幾乎任何工業(yè)都無(wú)從談起。,--I would have done the same,in that position.,我要是處于那個(gè)位置，也會(huì)那樣做的.,,2.用介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)表示的非真實(shí)條件句,,3.通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示非真實(shí)條

13、件句,--,I was ill that day,, otherwise I would have come to see you.,,那天我生病了，否則我就來(lái)看你了,。,--,You cannot do that,. It would ruin your life.,,你不能那樣做，那會(huì)毀了你的一生。,--,Tom just gives up everything for,,her,. Herry wouldn,’,t be that silly.,,湯姆為她放棄一切，亨利才不會(huì)那么傻呢。,3.通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示非真實(shí)條件句,,1.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句,,,,,1.2.1.句型,“…,wi

14、sh that,…”,,在,wish,后的,that,賓語(yǔ)從句中：,1.,如果表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)要使用過(guò)去時(shí):,,（,1,）從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是,be,，,則用,were,形式。,（,2,）從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是行為動(dòng)詞，則用過(guò)去時(shí)形式。,--,I wish I were a bird.,但愿我是只鳥(niǎo)兒。,--,I wish you didn,’,t talk like that.,,但愿你沒(méi)有那樣說(shuō)。,,1.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句,,,2.如果表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,“,would (could, might )+,動(dòng)詞原形”,,的形式。,,,--,I wish you wou

15、ld do the favor for me.,,但愿你會(huì)幫我這個(gè)忙。,--I wish I could speak several languages.,,但愿我會(huì)說(shuō)好幾種語(yǔ)言。,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法課件,3.如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式,“,had+done/been,,”,形式。,,--I wish you hadn,’,t made so many spelling mistakes in the last exam.,,但愿上次考試你沒(méi)出那么多拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。,--,I wish that I had listened to your advi

16、ce.,多希望我那時(shí)聽(tīng)了你的話。,,3.如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,1.2.2. 句型,“,主語(yǔ)+引起虛擬的動(dòng)詞+含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句,”,,,,,1.,英語(yǔ)中有很多表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等意義的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們作為謂語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)必須用,“,(,should)+,動(dòng)詞原形,”,的形式.常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：,1.2.2. 句型“主語(yǔ)+引起虛擬的動(dòng)詞+含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從,demand,insist,suggest,command, request,order,propose,desire,require, urge,maintain,deserve,rec

17、ommend, intend,move,,,ask,prefer,advise,decide,等等,。,--The teacher insisted that all the students (should) be on time.,,老師要求學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。,--He suggested that the regulations (should) be revised.,他建議修改規(guī)則。,,demand,insist,suggest,command,,The lawyer asked that the case (should ) be postponed for one month.,,

18、,律師要求案子往后推遲一個(gè)月。,,但是，請(qǐng)注意,：,1.,在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，,should,常?？梢允÷裕?TOEFL,考試中，,should,必須省略。,The lawyer asked that the case,2.在動(dòng)詞,expect, believe, think, suspect,等的否定形式或疑問(wèn)形式后，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為,“,should +,動(dòng)詞原形或完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示驚訝、困惑、懷疑、不滿(mǎn)等情緒。比如：,,--I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.,,我從未想到問(wèn)題會(huì)如此復(fù)雜,。,-

19、-,They just couldn,’,t believe that the new stadium should be so big.,,他們簡(jiǎn)直不能相信新的體育館會(huì)如此大。,--,I don,’,t think he should have done the favor for you.,我覺(jué)得他是不會(huì)幫你忙的。,,,,2.在動(dòng)詞expect, believe, think, s,,1.3.,,虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句,,1.3.1.,,,,句 型,1.表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句的一般形式為：,,,It is/was +,引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞,+,含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句,,2.,這類(lèi)主

20、語(yǔ)從句常常用于表示要求、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、提議等，其謂語(yǔ)形式往往為“（,should,）,+,動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。在美國(guó)，常省略,should,，,而在英國(guó)，則往往不省略,should,。,,1.3.????虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句,比如：,--,It is necessary that the machine (should) be oiled everyday,.,,機(jī)器必須天天上油,。,--,It is desired that every student (should) pass the exam.,,,要求每位學(xué)生都得通過(guò)考試。,,,比如：,1.3.2.可以引導(dǎo)這類(lèi)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句的形

21、容詞和過(guò)去分詞,,,,1,.一般形容詞,important, necessary natural, possible, essential, vital, appropriate, better, best, imperative, probable,等等。,,,1.3.2.可以引導(dǎo)這類(lèi)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞,It is important/ vital/ necessary/ essential that the environment (should) be protected,.,2.表示驚訝、厭惡、不解等意義的形容詞：用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào),“,驚訝,”,的語(yǔ)氣。,pity,

22、i,nteresting, strange, odd, amazing,,astonishing,surprising,annoying,ridiculous, absurd,sorry,shocked,astonished, unthinkable, incredible,等等。,,,It is important/ vital/ necess,--,It is amazing that he (should) finish the work so soon.,,--It is a pity/ interesting/ strange/ odd/ surprising/ annoyin

23、g/ absurd/ ridiculous that a man like him (should) make such a foolish mistake.,--I am sorry/shocked/astonished that he (should) feel that way.,,在這里，,should,用于強(qiáng)調(diào),“,驚訝,”,的意義。,,,--It is amazing that he (shoul,3.,“,特殊,”,形容詞，這些形容詞往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)。,,如,：,advisable, desirable, urgent, preferable,等等。,-

24、-It is desirable that the classroom (should) be cleaned in an hour.,,希望教室在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)打掃干凈。,--It is advisable that another university (should) be set up.,,建立另一所大學(xué)是行得通的。,,3.“特殊”形容詞，這些形容詞往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣,,4.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，這些分詞也往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)。比如：,,desired,advised,decided,required, requested,proposed,ordered, de

25、manded,insisted,arranged,moved, suggested,等等。,,It is recommended/ decided/ requested/ suggested that the rules (should) be protected,.,,,4.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，這些分詞也往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1.4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句,,,1.4.1.由,as if/though,引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀 語(yǔ)從句,,1.其謂語(yǔ)形式跟,wish,后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)形式一樣，有如下形式：,（1）如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)要使用過(guò)去時(shí)，即：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是

26、系動(dòng)詞,be，,則用,were,形式；如果是行為動(dòng)詞，則用過(guò)去時(shí)形式。,（2）如果表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式,“,had+,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,”,，也可用,“,could/would +,動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),”,形式。,（3）如果表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)為,“,would (could, might)+,動(dòng)詞原形,”,的形式,。,,1.4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句,2.,舉例,--,He looks as if he were ill.,他看上去仿佛病了。,,--,This machine operated as though it had been repaired,.,這機(jī)器運(yùn)行

27、良好，仿佛修理過(guò)一樣。,--,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,,他們交談起來(lái)似乎是多年的朋友一樣。,--,It seems as if it were spring already.,現(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了。,,,,2.舉例,1.4.2.由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,,,,以下連詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：,lest, for fear that, whether,等。,,--,He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain,.,他隨身帶上雨衣，生怕下雨。,,--,We hid

28、behind some bushes for fear that passers-by should see us.,我們躲在矮樹(shù)后，以防過(guò)路人看見(jiàn)。,,--,All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.,,所有物質(zhì)，無(wú)論是氣體、液體、還是固體，均由原子組成。,,1.4.2.由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,,1.4.3. 由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,,,,1．可以引導(dǎo)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：,in case(,假使，說(shuō)不定,),unless,（,除非，如果不）,supposing,（,假如）

29、,providing,（,倘若）,on condition that,（,如果）,,,,2.這類(lèi)條件狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)形式，也可用,“（,should,）,+,動(dòng)詞原形”或“,may (might, could, would)+,動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。,,,1.4.3. 由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,3.舉例,,--I will get some beer in case John should come here.,,我會(huì)弄些啤酒，以便約翰來(lái)這里。,--Unless he were my friend, I should not expect his help.,,,如果他不是我的朋

30、友，我不會(huì)期待他的幫助。,--Supposing he never came! What would you do then?,,,假設(shè)他不來(lái)！你們將怎么辦呢？,--,Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad. Where would you go?,,假若你有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)，你會(huì)上哪兒去？,3.舉例,1.4.4.由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,,1.可以引導(dǎo)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：,in order that ; so that,,2.,這種目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,“,may/might,或,can/could +,動(dòng)詞原形,”,形式。,

31、1.,,舉例,--,She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.,,她仔細(xì)聽(tīng)著，以圖發(fā)現(xiàn)她真正想要的東西。,--,She took the front seat so that she could/might hear more clearly.,,,她坐在前排以便聽(tīng)得更清楚些。,,1.4.4.由某些連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,1.4.5.由某些代詞或詞組引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,,1.可以引導(dǎo)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的代詞或詞組有：,wh-ever,型代詞，,no matter wh-,型詞

32、組。,,2.這種讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用,“,（,,may）+,動(dòng)詞原形,”,的形式；若指過(guò)去的動(dòng) 作，則用（,may）+,,have done。,,1.4.5.由某些代詞或詞組引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,.舉例,,--,Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.,,無(wú)論他有什么缺陷，他都是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。,,--,I won,’,t let you in whoever you may be.,無(wú)論你是誰(shuí)，我都不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)來(lái)。,,--,Come what may, we,’,ll go ahead.,無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況，我們都要干下去。,--,

33、You mustn,’,t be proud, however much you may have achieved.,不管你取得了多大成就，都不應(yīng)驕傲。,,,.舉例,1.5.其它表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,,1.5.1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,,1.,,當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的先行詞是能夠引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的抽象名詞時(shí)，從句必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.其形式為：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,“,(,should)+,動(dòng)詞原形,”,的形式。,,2.能夠引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的抽象名詞,（,1,）一般名詞：,idea, motion, plan,等等。,（2）與那些能夠引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞。,比如：,,advice,de

34、mand,desire,order,proposal,preference,,,requirement, suggestion, decision, recommendation,等等,1.5.其它表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,--,Your suggestion that he be invited was rejected.,,你的關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)他的建議被拒絕了。,--,My suggestion is that he (should) take part in the game.,我建議讓他參加比賽。,--,What do you think of my proposal that we (shoul

35、d) go to watch the game next Sunday?,,我建議下周日去看比賽，你們認(rèn)為如何？,,,--Your suggestion that he be i,1.5.2. 一些特殊句型,,1.,,句型,“,had hoped/thought +,賓語(yǔ)從句”,,,表示,“,過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法,”,，有,“,本來(lái)希望，本來(lái)以為,”,之意，從句謂語(yǔ)要 用,“,would+,動(dòng)詞原形,”,的形式。,,--,Mike had hoped that she would answer his letter.,,邁克本來(lái)以為她會(huì)回他信的。,,1.5.2. 一些特殊句型,2.,句型

36、“,would rather/would sooner/would (just) as soon +,從句”,,,這種句型后面常接省去,that,的從句，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)表示還不是事實(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的但沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。,,--,I would rather they,came,tomorrow.,我希望他們明天來(lái)。,,--,I would rather they,had come,yesterday.,我真希望你昨天來(lái)了。（其實(shí)沒(méi)有來(lái)）,,--,I would just as soon you posted the letter right away.,,我真希望你立即把這封信寄

37、出去。,,2.句型“would rather/would sooner,,3.,句型“,,It is (high, about) time (that),…”,,,,這種從句謂語(yǔ)使用,“,should＋,動(dòng)詞原型,”,時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬；使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，是對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬推測(cè)；現(xiàn)在一般使用后一種形式。比如,：,,,--,It is time (that) we,went,to bed.,--It is high time (that) we,put,an end to this controversy,.,3.句型“ It is (high, about) tim,4.,句型,If onl

38、y,…,,If only,表示,“,但愿,”,、,“,要是,…,就好了,”,之意，其用法和句型,“,I wish,…”,,基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，與,should,連用，表示一時(shí)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,。,,--,If only I could fly!,我要是會(huì)飛就好了！,--,If only I would pass the final exam!,但愿我能通過(guò)期末考試！,--,If only the rain would stop.,這雨要是停下來(lái)就好了。,,4.句型 If only…,５,.,虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用于,otherwise,或,or,引導(dǎo)的并列分句,,--I don,’,t kno

39、w his address; otherwise I would write him earlier,.,,我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫(xiě)信了。,,--,I didn,’,t know his address; otherwise I would have written him earlier,.,以前我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫(xiě)信了。,,５.虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用于otherwise 或or引導(dǎo)的并列分句,６.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示祝福、愿望、詛咒、禁止等意義。,,,--,May you be happy!,祝你幸福！,,--,Long live the People,’,s Republic

40、 of China!,,中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！,,--,God bless you!,上帝保佑你！,--,God damn you!,該死的！,--,Heaven forbid!,天理不容！,--,So be it.,但愿如此／就這樣吧。,--,Devil take him!,混蛋！,６.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示祝福、愿望、詛咒、禁止等意義。,,7.,,虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于使語(yǔ)氣變得委婉和客氣,,--,Would you mind opening the window for me?,你能給我打開(kāi)窗子嗎？,--,I,’,d like to go with you.,我和你去。,--,You might as w

41、ell put the meeting off for a few days.,你們不妨把會(huì)議推遲幾天。,--,The leadership wouldn,’,t allow it.,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)上恐怕不會(huì)同意。,,,,7.??虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于使語(yǔ)氣變得委婉和客氣,練習(xí),1,：,,1.,I wish I,____,you better.,A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known,2.,.,,I wished it,_____,but it did.,A.,,occurred not B. had not occurred,C. woul

42、d not occur D. did not occur,,3. If only I,____,the answer, I would have told you.,A. knew B. have known,C. would know D. had known,,4. If I,____,tomorrow, what would we do?,A. will not rise B. would not rise,C. did not rise D. had not rise,,,練習(xí)1：,5.,____,,,I would

43、take an umbrella with me.,A. Had I been you B. I were you,C. Were I you D. I had been you,,6. Unless you learnt German, there,____,little point in your going to a German university.,A. would be B. will be,C. can be D. wouldn,’,t be,,7. It,’,s high time,____,him a s

44、evere lesson for being often late.,A. you give B. you gave,C. you'll give D. you should give,5. ____,I would take an umbrel,8.,If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we,,automobile tires.,A.,,can not have B. could not have,C. will not have D. are not having,9. The doctor

45、suggested that your brother,,his right hand .,A. avoid to use B. avoid using,C. has avoid using D. avoided to use,10. I would be grateful if you,,the arrangements for me .,A. make B . were to make,C . made D. would make,,8. If we did not have atmosphe,11.,If ther

46、e,,a fire , ring the number 119 .,,A. is B. were C. should be D. be,12.It is important that each of you _____ a notebook to class with you every day.,A. will bring B. must bring,C. brings D. bring,13. We recommend that work ____ at once.,,A. start B. st

47、arts,C. will start D. started,14. The radio is too noisy. I wish you ____ down.,A. will turn B. would turn,C. are to turn D. can turn,11. If there a fire , r,15.,If you hadn,’,t told me about it, I ____ unaware of the facts now.,A. would still have been

48、B. m still,C. would still be D. was still,16. I,’,d just as soon ____ rudely to her.,A. that you won,’,t speak,B. you not speaking,,,C. you not speak,D. you didn,’,t speak,17. Ben would have studied medicine if he ____ to a medical school.,A. could be able to enter,B. had been a

49、dmitted,C. was admitted D. were admitted,,15. If you hadn’t told me abou,18.,If Bob ____ with us, he would have had a good time.,A. would come B. would have come,C. had come D. came,19. We had hoped that Mary ____ well again.,A. will soon be B. had soon be

50、en,C. is soon D. would soon be,20. If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you ____ so bad now.,A. wouldn,’,t have felt B. don,’,t feel,C. wouldn,’,t be feeling D. aren,’,t feeling,,18. If Bob ____ with us, he wo,21.,If he were really honest, he ____ the truth at last m

51、eeting.,A. would tell B. told,C. should have told D. must have told,22. But for the storm, I ____ home before night.,A. would be B. was,C. would have been D. had been,23. If it had not been for lily, I ____ .,A.,,shall not have understood it,B. wouldn,’,t under

52、stand it,C.might not have understood it,D. do not understand it,,21.If he were really honest, h,24.,It is necessary that the course in general science ____ taken before the chemistry course.,A. is B. be C. to be D. will be,25. If it had not been for the storm we ____ much ear

53、lier.,A. should arrive B. should have arrived,C. would arrive D. might arrive,26. It is vital that you ____ our competitors to know our plans.,A. do not permit B. will not permit,C. not permit D. have not permitted,,24. It is necessary that the c,28.,May I beg that you ____ an

54、y decision in this matter until I see you?,A. do not make B. will not make,C. not make D. did not make,29. The students request that they ____ given less homework.,A. be B. are C. will be D. were,30. He talks as if he ____ everything.,A. knows B. has kno

55、wn,C. knew D. will know,31. ----What,’,s Mary,’,s second name?,----How ____ I know?,A. can B. should C. do D. could,28. May I beg that you ____ an,32.,If you ____ a moment, I,’,ll go and tell the manager that you are here.,A. will wait B. waited C. wait D. were to wait,33. Y

56、ou will lose weight if you ____ on a diet.,A. will go B. went C. go D. had gone,34. If you ____ the movie last night, you wouldn,’,t be so sleepy.,A. haven,’,t watched B. didn,’,t watch,C. wouldn,’,t have watched D. hadn,’,t watched,,32. If you ____ a moment, I’ll,35.,I am s

57、orry that he ____ the offer.,A.,,should refuse B. has refuse,C. refuses D. should have refused,36. If the doctor had been available, the child ____.,A. would not die B. would not have died,C. could not die D. could not have die,37. He wore a mask so that no one ____ hi

58、m.,A. can recognize B. may recognize,C. recognize D. should recognize,,35. I am sorry that he ____ th,38.,I didn,’,t know his telephone number; otherwise I ____ him.,A. telephoned B. had telephoned,C. would have telephoned,D. was telephoning,39. Had she been given some in

59、formation , she ____ the question.,A. would answer B. could answer,C. could have answered D. answered,40. We hung out a lantern lest he ____ lost in the mist.,A. gets B. get C. will get D. got,,38. I didn’t know his telephon,41.,It is best that you ____ your trip at once.,

60、A. cancel B. canceled,C. will cancel D. are to cancel,42. I feel very uncomfortable. I wish I ____ so much.,A. do not eat B. did not eat,C. had not eaten D. have not eaten,43. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ____ to it.,A. had not gone B

61、. have not gone,C. did not go D. can not have gone,,41. It is best that you ____ y,44.,At the thought he shook himself, as though he ____ from an evil dream.,A. woke B. wakes,C. would wake D. had woke,45. I won,’,t let you off whoever ____.,A. you are B. you will

62、 be,C. you may be D. you be,46. Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but ____ if you had spent less time in playing basketball.,A.,,wouldn,’,t they be better,B. wouldn,’,t they have been better,C.hadn,’,t they been better,D. weren,’,t they better,44. At the thought he shook hi,47.,No

63、 matter what ____ I am determined to do what I think it right.,A. you say B. you will say,C. you said D. you may say,48. It was suggested that this naughty boy ____,A.will be punished B. could be punished,C. was punished D. be punished,49. If Watergate ____ Nixon would no

64、t have resigned from the presidency.,A. had not occurred B. was not occurred,C. did not occur D. would not occur,47. No matter what ____ I am d,50.,It is astonishing that a person of your intelligence ____ be taken in so easily.,A. could B. should C. might D. would,51. It was

65、 decided that the matter ____ referred to special committee.,A. was B. be C. to be D. was to be,52. What would happen supposing the world ____ spinning.,A. stop B. stopped,C. would stop D. had stopped,,,50. It is astonishing that a p,53.,The launching

66、 of the rocket was delayed half an hour by bad weather. If the weather ____ good they would have launched it at 8:40 instead of at 9:10.,A. be B. were,C. had been D. would be,54. Why do people always wear dark clothes at night? If they ____ light colored clothes drivers would see them much more easily.,A. wear B. would wear,C. wore D. had worn,53.The launching of the rocket,55.,I did not recognize him at first because he was wearing dark