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1、中考英語復(fù)習資料：主謂一致考點集匯、講解和訓練習題【考點直擊】1.語法一致的原則2.意義一致的原則3.鄰近一致的原則【名師點睛】謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1.語法一致的原則（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2
2、）由 and 或 bothand 連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由 each,every修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and
3、every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with 等介詞短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
4、的名詞，如 people,police,cattle,clothes 等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.（6）由 each,some,any,no,every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如：Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.（7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如 glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例
5、如：Where are my shoes?I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty.Youd better change them.如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of 等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2.意義一致的原則（1）表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten do
6、llars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如 family,team 等作主語時，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（3）不定代詞由 all,most,more,some,any,none 作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people
7、 have gone.（4）疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?（5）“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時，其謂語動詞要以 of 后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）ha
8、lf,the rest 等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：I have read a large part of the book,the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由 what 引導地主于從句作主語時，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me
9、 are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3.鄰近一致的原則（1）由連詞 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一
10、致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“There be”句型中,謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.（3）as well as 和名詞連用時,謂語動詞和第一個名詞相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他對這件事也有責任。（4）以 here 開頭的句子，其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。Here is a letter and
11、some books for you.【實例解析】1.(2004 年天津市中考試題)How time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years 通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2.(2004 年南通市中考試題)Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 答
12、案：D。該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由 not onlybut also連接兩個并列主語，其謂語動詞同相鄰的主語保持一致，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因為他們還都沒有回來，所以用 has gone而不用 has been。3.(2004 年吉林市中考試題)Neither my father _ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。Neithernor 是一組連詞，可連接連個并列主語，其謂語動詞應(yīng)同靠近的主語 I 保持一致,因此應(yīng)選 A。4.(2004 年包頭市中考
13、試題)Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是 a number of deer,是個復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（deer 單復(fù)數(shù)相同）【中考演練】一.選擇填空1.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A.is B.w
14、as C.are D.were2.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I havent decided._ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only;but also3._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.A and B4._ o
15、f them has his own opinion.A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each5.Are there any _ on the farm?A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep6.My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A.are;are B.are;isC.is;is D.is;are7.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes.Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A.is B.are C.was D.were
16、8.The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A.both B.none C.neither D.all9.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A.be B.is C.are D.were10.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A.is B.was C.are D.were11.Most of the houses _ this year.A.has built B.have
17、 builtC.has been built D.have been built12.I think maths _ very difficult to learn.A.is B.are C.has D.have13.A large number of students _ to work in Xinjiang.A.have gone B.has gone C.goes D.is going14.The number of the students in the class _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.were15.There _ a lot of good ne
18、ws in todays newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were二.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1._(be)everything OK?2.Nobody _(know)the answer to the question.3.Ten divided by two _(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water _(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or she _(have)made
19、 a wrong decision.7.The family _(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter _(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.三.翻譯下列句子1.我們兩個人都沒有看這部電影。_.2.我的茶杯里沒有水了。_.3.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。
20、_.4.學生們和老師都不知道這件事。_.5.我們家正在一起度周末。_.【練習答案】一.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A二.1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was;were三.1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.
中考英語復(fù)習資料：主謂一致考點集匯、講解和訓練習題
