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1、動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類1.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(及物和不及物)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(及物和不及物)3.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞:連系表語的詞。系動(dòng)詞:連系表語的詞。系動(dòng)詞有詞義,不能獨(dú)立做謂系動(dòng)詞有詞義,不能獨(dú)立做謂語。語。He is wrong.(系詞系詞+表語做謂語表語做謂語)一、系動(dòng)詞一、系動(dòng)詞 be(am,is,are,was,were) 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞 (look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem) 表示發(fā)展變化的詞表示發(fā)展變化的詞 (turn,get,keep,become)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞他是強(qiáng)壯的。He is strong.你必須保持健康。You
2、 must keep healthy.樹葉變綠了。The leaves turn green.莉莉似乎很生氣。Lily seems very angry.EXERCISE1.Autumn is coming,the leaves _yellow.2.The girl _beautiful.3.The food_delicious.4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and colder.5.That song _ well.turnlookstastesgetssounds二、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞二、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞能獨(dú)立做謂語的詞,按句法作用能獨(dú)立做謂語的詞,按句法作用分分為及物和不及物動(dòng)
3、詞。為及物和不及物動(dòng)詞。I hit her.He cut his finger.The sun rises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.A-A-Ahurt-hurt-hurt(受傷、傷害)(受傷、傷害)A-B-Bsay-said-said stand-stood-stood spend-spent-spentthink-thought-thought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caught teach-taught-taughthold-held-heldlend-lent-lent send-sent-sent
4、 leave-left-left meet-met-met sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-keptA-B-COrise-rose-risen write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen Oride-rode-ridden Odrive-drove-driven sing-sang-sungOtake-took-taken Ogive-gave-given fly-flew-flownOknow-knew-known Othrow-threw-thrown eat-
5、ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgotten三、助動(dòng)詞三、助動(dòng)詞I like it.其中其中l(wèi)ike是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,如何變否定疑是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,如何變否定疑問問.用用do來幫助它,我們把來幫助它,我們把do、does、did等等稱為助動(dòng)詞。稱為助動(dòng)詞。I dont like it.Do you like it?助動(dòng)詞,無詞義,不能獨(dú)立做謂語,助動(dòng)詞,無詞義,不能獨(dú)立做謂語,幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)(態(tài)),語(態(tài)),否(定句)和幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)(態(tài)),語(態(tài)),否(定句)和疑(問句)。疑(問句)。常見助動(dòng)詞有五個(gè),常見助動(dòng)詞有五個(gè),be,do,have,shall,will.be構(gòu)成被動(dòng)與進(jìn)行,構(gòu)成被
6、動(dòng)與進(jìn)行,do構(gòu)成疑問和否定構(gòu)成疑問和否定have構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),shall,will表示將來時(shí)表示將來時(shí)BE(AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE)1.I am watering the flowers. 幫助構(gòu)成(現(xiàn)在幫助構(gòu)成(現(xiàn)在/過去)進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去)進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday. 幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。小測(cè)試:小測(cè)試:She is Lily.(is 是助動(dòng)詞嗎?是助動(dòng)詞嗎?)答案:答案:NO.HAVE/HAS/HADI have a book.其中其中have是助動(dòng)詞嗎?是助動(dòng)詞嗎?答案:答案:NO.h
7、ave/had+V.過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 其中其中have是助動(dòng)詞嗎?是助動(dòng)詞嗎? 答案:答案:YES.WILL/SHALL用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。will用于所有人稱,用于所有人稱,shall只用于第一人只用于第一人稱。稱。She will finish her homework in ten minutes.Shall I take an umbrella?四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞She can speak French and I cant. 什么叫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?什么叫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?表示說話人對(duì)所述動(dòng)作的看法表示說話人對(duì)所述動(dòng)作的看法,如,如需要
8、、可能、意愿或懷疑等情感或需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等情感或狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征He can speak English well,but I cant.We must stay here. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義,不能單獨(dú)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義,不能單獨(dú)做謂語,無人稱和數(shù)的變化,后謂語,無人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面必須接動(dòng)詞原形。面必須接動(dòng)詞原形。CAN/COULD/BE ABLE TO1.三個(gè)都表三個(gè)都表“能力能力”could 是是can的過去式。的過去式。 eg: I couldnt speak English. I can speak English now. 將來能力使用將來能力使用s
9、hall/will/be able to. eg: I will be able to speak French.2. can/could 表表“請(qǐng)求、允許請(qǐng)求、允許” could 比比can 更委婉。更委婉。 eg:Could I borrow your book?3. can/could 表表“懷疑、推測(cè)懷疑、推測(cè)” 可能性可能性 cant be eg:It cant be Lilys bag.MAY/MIGHT1.表表“請(qǐng)求、許可請(qǐng)求、許可” might 比比may更委更委婉、客氣。婉、客氣。 eg:May I come in? Might I come in?2. “可能可能”,表推測(cè)
10、。,表推測(cè)。 可能性可能性 may be might beeg:He may come tomorrow. He might come tomorrow.MUST/HAVE TO 必須必須 不得不不得不1.must表表個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要,意,意為為“必須必須”“”“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);I must go now.2.have to表表客觀上的必要客觀上的必要。意為。意為“必必須須”“”“不得不不得不”除可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)外,還可以表將來時(shí)除可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)外,還可以表將來時(shí)shall/will have to和過去式和過去式had to。1.這臺(tái)電視機(jī)不能
11、用了,我們必須買這臺(tái)電視機(jī)不能用了,我們必須買臺(tái)新的。臺(tái)新的。 This TV doesnt work.We have to buy a new one.2.那時(shí)我們必須買臺(tái)新的。那時(shí)我們必須買臺(tái)新的。 We had to buy a new one.3.我們將不得不買臺(tái)新的。我們將不得不買臺(tái)新的。 We will have to buy a new one.I _study hard,because I want to go to Beijing University.I _go shopping,because the fridge is empty now.musthave toSHOU
12、LD/WOULD/OUGHT TO1.You are his mother,you_look after him.2.You are a student,you_study hard.3.She would be glad if you _ help her. 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該愿意愿意理所應(yīng)當(dāng)理所應(yīng)當(dāng)ought toshouldwould情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) must becant bemay bemight beDARE , NEED既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,又可作行為動(dòng)詞。既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,又可作行為動(dòng)詞。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,無人稱、數(shù)變化,主要做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,無人稱、數(shù)變化,主要用于否定句和疑問句用于否定句和疑問句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞類型情態(tài)動(dòng)詞類型1.只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有:只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有:must,can(could),may(might)2.可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有need,dare3.可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有will(would).shall(should)4.具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有have to,ought to