高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第4部分 閱讀理解解答技巧專題3 字斟句酌駕馭課件

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1、推理判斷題推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。這類試題包括很多種，但主要考查推斷隱含意義、推斷目標(biāo)、推斷寫作意圖、推斷觀點態(tài)度等，其中重點是推斷隱含意義。這類試題的題干中常含infer(推斷)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推斷)，indicate(暗示)等詞語。 解答這類題的一般步驟是： 1定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點。 2字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義。 3

2、深層理解：結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。 邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。 選擇答案時，注意排除以下干擾項，以便縮小選擇范圍： 1原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論。(考生易誤選) 2推理過度的片面結(jié)論。 3與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論等。 4符合考生已有常識，但文章中沒有信息支持。(考生易誤選)此外，可采用主旨推斷法：在理解短文大意，明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論。 解答推理判斷題要以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息進(jìn)行多步推理?？忌忸}時通常需要透過文字的表層意思，在

3、全文的背景下理解文章的深層含義。同時要求考生不僅要讀懂所涉及內(nèi)容的每個句子的意思，還要推斷出它們之間的關(guān)系，再結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層含義。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時考生務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推斷的依據(jù)，即已知部分推理的前提，從中推斷出未知部分推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當(dāng)成作者的觀點?！镜淅?】Pulling heavy suitcases all day in the summer is hard work，especially when youre a thin 14yearold

4、.That was me in 1940the youngest and smallest baggage boy at New York Citys Pennsylvania Railway Station.After just a few days on the job，I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers.Id like to join them，thinking，“Everyone else is doing it.”When I got home that night，I told m

5、y dad what I wanted to do.“You give an honest days work，” he said，looking at me straight in the eye.“Theyre paying you.If they want to do that，you let them do that.” 68What can be inferred about the baggage boys?AThey could earn much，but they had to work hard.BMany of them earned money in a dishones

6、t way.CThey were all from poor families.DThey were all thin，young boys. 69What does the fathers advice imply?AIt is wrong to give more pay to the passengers.BDont believe them if they are paying you more.CDont follow others to overcharge the passengers.DIt is difficult to work hard and live as an ho

7、nest boy.解析第68題，由第二段的I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers(其他同伴都多收旅客的錢)和Everyone else is doing it (別人個個都這樣做)可推出，選B。“多收”就是通過欺詐的方式賺錢。第69題，在第三段找到父親的話，“如果他們那樣做，你讓他們那樣去做(欺詐旅客的錢)”，言外之意是，“你不要那樣去做”，故選C。【典例2】(2013天津，D)體裁：議論文話題：個人情感When asked about happiness，we usually think of

8、something extraordinary，an absolute delight，which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids，happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫無掩飾的)In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as ex

9、citement，love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove，marriage，birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults，happiness is complicated(復(fù)雜的)My definition

10、 of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”The more we can enjoy what we have，the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends，the freedom to live where we please，and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed

11、 when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing，which I love.When the kids and my husband came home，I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying

12、work.I dont think that my grandmother，who raised 14 children，had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family，and maybe this is what satisfied her.We，however，with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area，have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to hav

13、e.Were so selfconscious about our “right” to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.Its the ski

14、llful way of finding a positive for every negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have，but enjoying what we do possess.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。題材為個人情感與人際關(guān)系。文章介紹了隨著我們年齡的增加和對成功追求壓力的加大，我們逐漸忽略了身邊快樂的存在。在生活中容易滿足的人會更快樂。 1What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?AShe cares little about her own heal

15、th.BShe enjoys the freedom of traveling.CShe is easily pleased by things in daily life.DShe prefers getting pleasure from housework.解析推理判斷題。第五段主要講了作者對快樂的理解：我們越享受我們所擁有的，我們就會越快樂。第六段主要講了作者的一次經(jīng)歷，孩子和丈夫的吵鬧聲也讓作者感受到了快樂。所以這兩段我們可以得知作者很容易從日常生活中感到快樂。而A、B、D三項并未提及，故選C項。答案C 2What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A

16、Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.BPsychologists opinion is well proved by Grandmas case.CGrandma often found time for social gatherings.DGrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.解析推理判斷題。本段心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為快樂的來源是有可以享受的休閑時間和令人滿意的工作。而作者的奶奶對于心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為的快樂來源都沒有，但是有自己的朋友和親人，這或許是讓奶奶

17、滿意也是快樂的事情。故選D項(奶奶的快樂來自于對生活適度的期盼。)答案D 3People who equal happiness with wealth and success _.Aconsider pressure something blocking their wayBstress their right to happiness too muchCare at a loss to make correct choicesDare more likely to be happy解析推理判斷題。第八段告訴我們：在每個領(lǐng)域我們有太多的選擇和追求成功的壓力，我們已經(jīng)把快樂變成了另外一個東西，

18、甚至把它等同于財富和成功，但是我們沒有注意到其實擁有財富和成功的人不一定更快樂。故選B項。答案B 4What can be concluded from the passage?AHappiness lies between the positive and the negative.BEach man is the master of his own fate.CSuccess leads to happiness.DHappy is he who is content.解析推理判斷題。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我們的快樂不是去期望我們沒有得到的東西，而是要享受我們所擁有的。故選D項。答案D