高考英語第一輪 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理復(fù)習(xí)Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3

《高考英語第一輪 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理復(fù)習(xí)Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語第一輪 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理復(fù)習(xí)Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3（40頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars1violent2explodeadj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的vt.& vi.(使)爆炸；爆發(fā)3atmospheren大氣層；氣氛4surface5harmful6spread7dependn表面；外表；水面 adj.表面的；膚淺的adj.有害的；傷害的vt.& vi.展開；伸展；傳播vi.依靠；依賴；取決于8force9floatn力量；暴力 vt.強(qiáng)迫；強(qiáng)制；逼迫vi.& vt.(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮 n漂流物1explodevt.& vi.(使)爆炸；爆發(fā)例句The army took the time b

2、omb away to a safe place andexploded it.軍隊(duì)把定時(shí)炸彈移到一個(gè)安全的地方，并引爆了它。搭配explode in/with anger 勃然大怒explode into/with laughter 放聲大笑運(yùn)用完成句子(1)你勃然大怒之時(shí)，你的敵人開始笑了。When you_, your enemy will startsmiling.(2)如果飛機(jī)的一小部分失靈，飛機(jī)將在空中爆炸。If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane_in the sky.explode in/with anger wo

3、uldexplode2harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的例句Its harmful to your eyes to read on the bus.在公共汽車上看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。派生搭配harm vt.& n損害；傷害；危害be harmful to sb./sth. do harm to sb./sth. 或 dosb./sth.harm 或 harm sb./sth.對(duì)有害處；有害于do good to sb./sth. do sb./sth.good 或 be good for sb./sth.對(duì)有好處；有益于do more harm than good 弊大于利運(yùn)用完成句子(1)過

4、量喝酒對(duì)你的身體有害。_your health to drinktoo much.(2)許多人爭(zhēng)辯說考試弊大于利。A lot of people argue that exams_.It is harmful to/It does harm to/It harmsdo more harm than good3spread vt.& vi.展開；伸展；傳播例句He spread the news around the town.他在鎮(zhèn)上到處傳播這一消息。He spread the map out on the floor.他把地圖鋪在地板上。搭配spread like wildfire 像野火般

5、迅速傳播；(消息等)迅速地傳開spread out 伸張；傳播開；散開；擴(kuò)大；鋪開；打開spread (sb./oneself) out 使(某人/自己)離開其他人或散開spread on 涂沫(或敷)在上運(yùn)用完成句子(1)一張厚厚的地毯鋪在地板上。A thick blanket_ on the floor.(2)謠言在那個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)像野火般地傳開了。The rumours_ from mouth to mouth in thattown.(3)別都擠在一塊，分開坐吧。Dont all sit together._.was spread outspread like wildfireSpread

6、yourselves out4dependvi.依靠；依賴；取決于例句I may go to America or not, it all depends.我也許去美國(guó)，也許不去，要視情況而定。The party depends on whether or not we can collect enoughmoney.這次宴會(huì)取決于我們能否募捐到足夠的錢。搭配depend on/upon 依靠；信賴；取決于That (all) depends/It (all) depends.那得看情況/那可不一定。depend on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事運(yùn)用完成句子(1)你不能指望你的敵

7、人來幫助你。You_your enemy to help you.(2)我們的成功取決于每個(gè)人是否努力。Our success _whether everyone works hard.cant depend ondepends on/upon5forcen力量；暴力 vt.強(qiáng)迫；強(qiáng)制；逼迫例句The thief forced her to hand over the money.強(qiáng)盜逼她把錢交出來。Force can never destroy right.暴力絕不能摧毀正義。搭配force sb.to do sth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事by force 用武力(或暴力)；強(qiáng)迫take by fo

8、rce 用武力奪取(或占領(lǐng))come/enter/go/bring into force (開始)實(shí)施(或?qū)嵭?；(政府法令、法律、協(xié)議等)開始生效put in/into force 實(shí)施(或?qū)嵭?(政府法令、法律、協(xié)議等)運(yùn)用完成句子(1)他被迫要找第二份工作。He_ a second job.(2)協(xié)議將在明年春天生效。The agreement_ nextspring.(3)士兵們強(qiáng)行把犯人帶走了。The soldiers took the prisoners away_.was forced to look forwill come into force/be put into for

9、ceby force用本單元所學(xué)單詞及用法完成下列句子1屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。A(n) _ of tension filled the room.2誰散布的這些謠言？Who _ these rumours?3環(huán)境將迫使我們最終采取這項(xiàng)政策。Circumstances will _us finally to adopt this policy.4你游累了就漂浮一會(huì)兒。When youre tired of swimming, just _ for a while.atmospherespread forcefloat5小孩依賴他們的父母供給衣食。Children _their parents

10、for food and clothing.6頻繁熬夜是有害的。It_ stay up frequently.7當(dāng)老板看到銷售報(bào)告時(shí)，他氣炸了。The boss _ when he saw the sales report.8那種暴力罪犯對(duì)社會(huì)是一種危害。_ criminals like that are a danger to society.depend onis harmful toexploded in/with angerViolent1in time 及時(shí)；終于；總有一天2in ones turn 輪到某人；接著3prevent.from 阻止；制止4cheer up 感到高興；感

11、到振奮5now that 既然；由于6break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)7watch out 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防1in time 及時(shí)；終于；總有一天例句In time they came to accept the harsh facts.他們最終承認(rèn)了嚴(yán)酷的事實(shí)。Can we get to the station in time?我們能及時(shí)到達(dá)車站嗎？拓展運(yùn)用on time 按時(shí)完成句子(1)要不是他們幫忙，我們不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。But for their help, we could not have finished the program_.(2)我們相信工作能按時(shí)完成。We ar

12、e sure that the work will be finished_.in timeon time2in ones turn 輪到某人；接著例句The leader shook hands with them in their turn.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和他們一個(gè)個(gè)輪著握手。拓展in turn 輪流；依次by turns 輪流；交替take turns to do sth.輪流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事運(yùn)用完成句子(1)輪到你用電腦啦。_to use the computer.(2)他們輪流值夜班。They were_ to be on the night

13、 shift.Its your turntaking turns3prevent.from (stop/keep.from) 阻止；制止例句Nothing can prevent him from going.什么都不能阻止他前往。注意(1)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，stop 和 prevent 后的 from 都可以省略，但 keep 后的 from 不能省略。(2)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，此三個(gè)短語中的 from 均不能省略。運(yùn)用完成句子(1)我因有急事不能去。I _going by urgent business.(2)大雨使我們不能踢足球了。Theheavyrainprevented/stoppedus(f

14、rom)playingfootball/kept us from playing footballwas prevented/stopped/kept from.4cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮例句Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over.振作起來！我們的困難很快就會(huì)過去的。The good news cheered him up.這好消息使他高興起來。運(yùn)用完成句子振作起來！我肯定你明天會(huì)好些的。_! Im sure youll feel better tomorrow.Cheer up5now that既然；由于例句Now that you ar

15、e all here, lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都來了，咱們就盡量做出一個(gè)決定吧。Now that prices are rising so fast, all my money is running out.由于價(jià)格上漲太快，我的錢都快花光了。辨析now that/since/as/because/for(1)now that 既然，與 since 含義相近，語氣較弱，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們已知的事實(shí)。(2)since 側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由，常譯為“因?yàn)椤被颉凹热弧?，語氣比 because 稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一種含有勉強(qiáng)語氣的原因。(

16、3)as 表示的原因是雙方已知的事實(shí)或顯而易見的，或者理由不是很重要的，含義與 since 相同，但語氣更弱，沒有 since正式，常譯為“由于，鑒于”。從句說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，主從并重。(4)because 通常表示直接而明確的原因和理由，表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷，語氣很強(qiáng)，用來回答 why 的問題， 一般位于主句之后。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，只能用 because。(5)for 是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說明理由。它所引導(dǎo)的分句只能放在句子后部(或單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)句子)，并且前后兩個(gè)分句間的邏輯關(guān)系不一定是因果關(guān)系，其間用逗號(hào)隔開，且 for 不可置于句首，for 的這一用法常用在書面

17、語中，較正式。運(yùn)用用上面所提供的辨析詞或短語填空(1)It was _ I missed the early bus that I was late forschool.(2)It must be morning,_ the birds are singing.(3)I must stop to work now, _ I have rather a lot of work todo.(4) _youve got a chance, you might as wellmake full use of it.becauseforasNow that/Since6break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)例句

18、When the war break out, the two countries break offtheir diplomatic relation.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后，兩國(guó)間斷絕了外交關(guān)系。辨析break out/take place/happen/occur(1)break out 意為“突發(fā)；爆發(fā)”，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病等災(zāi)禍的突然發(fā)生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等。(2)take place 表示“發(fā)生；舉行；舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。常用于有計(jì)劃的事情的發(fā)生。(3)happen 作“發(fā)生；碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。(4)occ

19、ur 作“發(fā)生；想到；突然想起”解，其意義相當(dāng)于happen。表示思想感情上的“突然想出”，可用于“It occurs tosb.that./It occured that.”，但 happen 沒有這個(gè)用法。運(yùn)用用上面所提供的辨析詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)The war between the north and the south_ in 1861.(2)When did the traffic accident _?(3)Great changes have _ in my hometown sinceliberation.(4)It _ to me that she didnt kn

20、ow I had moved into thenew house.broke outhappen/occurtaken placeoccurred7watch out 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防例句拓展Watch out! Theres a car coming.小心！汽車來了。watch out for sb./sth.當(dāng)心或注意某人/某事watch over 保護(hù)；照看look out/take care/be careful 當(dāng)心運(yùn)用完成句子(1)警方正密切注意嫌疑犯的行動(dòng)。The police are _ for the suspect.(2)請(qǐng)您幫忙照顧一下我的女兒好嗎？Would you

21、 please _my daughter?watching outwatch over用本單元所學(xué)短語及用法完成下列句子1當(dāng) SARS 爆發(fā)的時(shí)候，恐懼籠罩了整個(gè)國(guó)家。When SARS_, fear spread all over the country.2“湯姆，你最終會(huì)成功的?！边@個(gè)老人笑著說?！癥oull succeed _, Tom.” said the old man smiling.3職工們努力去掌握新的技術(shù)來提高生產(chǎn)。The employees are trying _the new techniqueto increase production.broke outin tim

22、eto get the hang of4既然你已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了，就不能再在衣食上依賴你的父母了。_youre a college graduate, you cant depend onyour parents for food and clothing any more.5振作起來！你知道失敗是成功之母，畢竟，這是我們的第一次嘗試。_! You know failure is the mother of success.After all,this is our first attempt.6我說過我一定是病了，我得留意一下癥狀。I said I should be sick, and tha

23、t I must_ thesymptoms.Now that/SinceCheer upwatch out for7應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)河流不受工廠的污染。Measures should be taken _the factory _pollutingthe river.8經(jīng)過多年努力，這位導(dǎo)演終于等到他登上領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)的時(shí)刻。After many years of laborious work, the director has,_ _, got the chance to step on the award platform.to preventfromin histurn原句 1 So wheth

24、er life will continue on the earth for millionsof years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。精講句中兩個(gè)以 whether 引導(dǎo)的從句均為名詞性從句，前者是主語從句，后者是賓語從句。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)whether(介詞的賓語除外)通常可以和 if 互換，但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時(shí)通常多用 whether 而不用 if。精練根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子(1)亨利問他是否可以上網(wǎng)。

25、Henry asked_.(2)她的問題是人類將來能否在火星上生活。Her question is_.(3)布萊克先生與會(huì)與否無關(guān)緊要。_doesnt matter at all.原句 2 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carriedtwice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁進(jìn)的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的幅度竟然是在地球上的兩倍，因而我跌倒了。if/whether he could go surfing on the Internetwhether humans

26、 will be able to live on MarsWhether Mr.Black will go to the conference精講幾種倍數(shù)表示法：(1)倍數(shù)形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)than.(2)倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞(進(jìn)行比較的名詞)as.(3)倍數(shù)the表示衡量的名詞 (the size/weight/length/depth/width.)of.(4)倍數(shù)more進(jìn)行比較的名詞than.(5)倍數(shù)as many/much進(jìn)行比較的名詞as.(6)倍數(shù)that of被比較對(duì)象.精練根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子(1)這個(gè)大廳比我們的教室大 5 倍。This hall _our clas

27、sroom.This hall _our classroom.This hall_ of our classroom.(2)今年我們生產(chǎn)的棉花比十年前多了一倍。(漢語中的多一倍實(shí)際上也指兩倍一樣多。)Weve produced_ (we did) tenyears ago.(3)我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)比他們班多兩倍。There are _ than in theirs.(4)這個(gè)車間 7 月份的產(chǎn)量是 1 月份的 3.5 倍。In this workshop the output of July _ ofJanuary.is five times bigger thanis six times as

28、big asis six times the sizetwice as much cotton this year astwice more students in our classwas 3.5 times that運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦之Is there life on Mars? We dont know.Can we land on Mars? Itall (1) _( 取 決 于 ) the development of science andtechnology.Man has (2)_ ( 有 了 一 些 了 解 )Mars.It might be ab

29、out 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100degrees below zero at night, which (3)_( 阻 止 我 們 在 那 里 生 活 ) (4) _( 既 然 ) Mars (5)_(與完全不同) our earth, if we (6)_(掌握) the knowledge of astronomy and (7)_ (有機(jī)會(huì)) go to Mars one day, we should have to (8) _(帶上) ourown oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.But it is

30、certain that manwill land on Mars (9)_ (遲早)depends on known a little about prevents us from living thereNow that is quitedifferent fromget the hang ofhave a chance totake alongin time聽說考試“角色扮演”技巧點(diǎn)撥(二)4注意在表達(dá)過程中使用的時(shí)態(tài)以及提問的語音語調(diào)。提問時(shí)要根據(jù)聽力材料里面的實(shí)際情況來選擇正確的時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。在語音語調(diào)方面，如果是一般疑問句，要使用升調(diào)。5在觀看視頻過程中要專注視頻提

31、供的信息，學(xué)會(huì)記錄關(guān)鍵信息。Part B 部分和以前的高考聽取信息有共同的地方，就是都會(huì)考查考生獲取聽力材料主旨大意、以及捕捉關(guān)鍵信息的能力。關(guān)鍵信息通常是以數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、行為、感受等形式出現(xiàn)在聽力材料中，如我們常常會(huì)聽到材料里面出現(xiàn)房號(hào) Room521，電話號(hào)碼 8740315，或者是地址 The Oriental Hotel 等等。因此同學(xué)們要對(duì)這類信息特別留意，并及時(shí)做好記錄。例 1：With photographers never far away, the young president strollsthrough construction camps, dines in a

32、mess hall with the men andshares milk with John Stevens.Question: Where did the president have meal during his visit?Key: In a mess hall.(此處要捕捉的信息是總統(tǒng)就餐的地方)例 2：Vanessa: Oh absolutely! I mean, that was in 1997 , and Iremember I was in the middle of making an album.Question: What is the last time when

33、Vanessa performed inHong Kong?Key: In 1997.(此處要捕捉的信息是時(shí)間)在記錄時(shí)，要巧用符號(hào)，快速記錄。在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中，我們可以用某些特定的符號(hào)來快速記錄。如在記錄國(guó)家名字時(shí)，我們可以用前兩三個(gè)字母來表示：ChinaCh; JapanJap；其他較長(zhǎng)的單詞如：organizationorg;activityact; phenomenonphe 等等。6完成提問的部分后根據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)的回答及時(shí)動(dòng)手做好筆記，計(jì)算機(jī)給出的回答有可能對(duì)下一部分的問題起到提示作用。如何寫出優(yōu)美的英語文章(一)寫作中能恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用英語的各種句型并且避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤對(duì)英語寫作來說是很重要的。一

34、般而言，作者應(yīng)當(dāng)在寫作過程中考慮到讀者的需要，既要能夠講清概念又要能夠吸引讀者的注意力，而做到這一點(diǎn)，就要求文章既簡(jiǎn)潔明快又富于變化。那么，我們英語寫作時(shí)如何才能達(dá)到上述要求呢？以下通過實(shí)例來分析各種方法的運(yùn)用。1修飾語的運(yùn)用修飾語既可以介詞短語的形式出現(xiàn)，也可以分詞形式出現(xiàn)。如：Behind the old refrigerator, I found my favourite hair pin Ilost two months ago.Angered by his poor grades, Charles threw his English bookout of the window.上述句

35、子，若僅采用短句形式，很難吸引讀者。如：I found my favourite hair pin.I lost two months ago.It wasbehind the old refrigerator.Charles was angered by his poor grades, so he threw hisEnglish book out of the window.比較一下可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，同樣的概念以修飾語形式出現(xiàn)的句子簡(jiǎn)潔明快，毫無拖沓之意，并且作者的意圖表達(dá)得更為明確。2關(guān)系代詞的應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞的應(yīng)用可以避免不必要的重復(fù)，同時(shí)又能起到明確關(guān)系的作用。英語關(guān)系代詞有 which, w

36、ho, whom, that 以及whose，在寫作中使用什么樣的代詞取決于關(guān)系代詞替代的是怎樣的名詞。一般而言，which 替代表示事物的名詞，而 who 則替代表示人的名詞，如：The man showed the woman into a car.The man was fat.Theman had a strange voice.可以變形為：The fat man who had a strange voice showed the woman into acar.此外，whom 也是替代表示人的名詞，與 who 不同的是，whom 在從句中起著賓語的作用，而 who 常起著主語的作用

37、。3合并句子，刪除贅句除了上述采用關(guān)系代詞的方法之外，英語中的同位語是說明與闡述名詞的有效方法。試比較下列例句：She is an excellent, all-round student with a congenialpersonality.She is a promising candidate for WOW.WOW is an international scholarship program for outstandingwomen around the world.可以改變句式為：Since she is an excellent, all-round student with

38、a congenialpersonality, she is a promising candidate for WOW, which is aninternational scholarship program for outstanding women aroundthe world.As an excellent all-round student with a congenialpersonality, she is a promising candidate for WOW, an internationalscholarship program for outstanding women around the world.句中不僅僅在篇幅上更簡(jiǎn)潔了，而且在語義表達(dá)上也體現(xiàn)出了有效的原則，給人以利落之感。