高考英語一輪復(fù)習配套課件：化難為易巧增分語法難點突破+定語從句（一）

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1、語法難點突破之五語法難點突破之五 定語從句（一）定語從句（一） 語法難點突破語法難點突破修飾名詞和代詞的成分修飾名詞和代詞的成分定語定語:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定語從句：定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語從句the best film 先行詞that關(guān)系詞This is the best film that I have seen.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在從句中擔當一個成分關(guān)系詞的作用 1） 2） 3）London is the c

2、ity that / which has hosted the 2012 Olympic Games. London the city host the 2012 Olympic Games.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb關(guān)系副詞指代所充當?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial起限定作用。

3、起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意義不完整。意義不完整。起補充說明作起補充說明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意義不受原句意義不受影響。影響。修飾修飾先行先行詞詞修飾先修飾先行詞行詞 / 整個句整個句子子無逗無逗號隔號隔開開有逗有逗號與號與主句主句隔開隔開有有that 無無that Revision 2 限制性定語從句與非限制限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別性定語從句的區(qū)別 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier,

4、 always encourages her to go to college.她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。（隱含意思：或許不止一個哥哥）她哥哥是當兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學(xué)。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.我昨天買的那本書是哈利波特與鳳凰令1.指物時只用指物時只用that 或或which 的情況的情況2

5、.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞3.Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式4.as 與與which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別5.指人時指人時that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別6.如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞7.定語從句中的主謂一致問題定語從句中的主謂一致問題 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞等不定代詞2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時。等修飾時。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高

6、級修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時。等時。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞為人和物的組合5.若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情況的情況:6. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who

7、D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用that4. He talked happily a

8、bout the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?

9、 A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時修飾時先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級最高級修飾；先行詞前修飾；先行詞前有序數(shù)詞有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時。等時。若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或者者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)關(guān)系代詞不要再用系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。

10、 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情況的情況:1,逗號后面逗號后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Jan.20 ,2013.A.on which B.that C.which D.this 考點二考點二:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句

11、中動詞或形容詞動詞或形容詞與與先行詞先行詞習習慣搭配慣搭配方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由語時，從句常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked abo

12、ut at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通?？?。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whom但遇到固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞但遇到固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前

13、置組主體，不作前置 。Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考點三：考點三： Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。構(gòu)成名詞短語。Thats the child whose

14、 father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞不僅可引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 3. whose的先行詞指物時的先行詞指物時, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，但詞序不同，即即whose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose windo

15、w faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 考點四：考點四：as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 當與當與as, so, such或或the same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are

16、interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experimen

17、t _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. likeAnyone

18、 _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時時, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點五考點五: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點六考點六:如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞?選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：1.先行詞先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)?/p>

19、成分。做主語，賓語，定語用做主語，賓語，定語用做狀語用做狀語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考點七考點七:定語從句中主謂一致

20、問題定語從句中主謂一致問題 定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的的先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4.

21、She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。述句式。Exercises2. Let me think

22、of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行詞是先行詞是situation, case, scene時，時，一般用一般用where,也可也可用用in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5. The college

23、 wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway it

24、s easy for us to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseADCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB10. His wa

25、lking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B14. This is the same pen _I lost yest

26、erday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支 .15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.

27、A. as B. that C. which D. the onesABso .that 后面跟的是一個結(jié)果狀語從句后面跟的是一個結(jié)果狀語從句16. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. ThatB17. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all D18. How do you like th

28、e book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what C19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.A

29、. of which B. whichC. that D. in whichA21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句并列句并列句CD解題思路解題思路:1. 通讀全句。首先判斷是什么句型。通讀全句。首先判斷是什么句型。2. 題干句如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳題干句如果是疑問句式，將

30、其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。述句式。3. 分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在定語從句中，分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在定語從句中，缺什么，就補什么：缺主語或賓語，用缺什么，就補什么：缺主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語，用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語，用關(guān)系副詞4. 注意標點符號和題干中是否存在并列連注意標點符號和題干中是否存在并列連詞詞and, but等。等。Translation 1. 這就是那位幫助我的人。這就是那位幫助我的人。2. 你昨天見到的史密斯夫人是我的一個朋友。你昨天見到的史密斯夫人是我的一個朋友。3. 你認識一個叫王雨的人嗎？你認識一個叫王雨的人嗎？This is the man who helped me.Mr

31、s. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?4. 我收到的那份禮物是我哥送的。我收到的那份禮物是我哥送的。 5. 他在我出去的那個星期來我家了。他在我出去的那個星期來我家了。 6. 請給我解釋一下你不辭而別的理由好嗎？請給我解釋一下你不辭而別的理由好嗎？ The present that / which I received was from my brother.He came to my home during the week when I was out.Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?