高中英語語法 倒裝句課件

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1、倒倒 裝裝定義定義 英語句子的自然語序是英語句子的自然語序是“主語主語+謂語謂語”。如果將謂語。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序被稱為的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序被稱為“倒裝倒裝”。倒倒 裝裝分類分類分為分為全部倒裝全部倒裝和和部分倒裝部分倒裝：謂語全部放在主語之前，為謂語全部放在主語之前，為全部倒裝全部倒裝；只把助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，為只把助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，為部分部分倒裝倒裝。倒裝原因倒裝原因一、一、 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要（如某些疑問句）；語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要（如某些疑問句）；二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)；二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)；三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文緊密銜接。

2、三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文緊密銜接。 全部倒裝全部倒裝 （謂語全部放在主語之前）（謂語全部放在主語之前）此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)1.there be句型。句型。其中其中be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等詞代替。（全部倒裝）等詞代替。（全部倒裝）1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.2) There lay a winding

3、 brook in front of an old house.2.方位詞方位詞in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及等以及now, then置于句首時(shí)，謂語置于句首時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主語是名詞。等，并且句子的主語是名詞。為以示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦?dòng)為以示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦?dòng), 要全部倒裝。（全部倒裝）要全部倒裝。（全部倒裝）1) Away flew the bird which I bought ye

4、sterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意：注意：主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，仍用自然語序。主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，仍用自然語序。Away they went. (=They went away.)3.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，有時(shí)用倒裝。直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，有時(shí)用倒裝。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom.注意：注意：主語是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。主語是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。“The car is mine,” he said.4.

5、為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)狀語或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)狀語(常為介詞短語常為介詞短語)，或?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接，有時(shí)將狀語提前?；?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接，有時(shí)將狀語提前。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,將表語將表語提前。提前。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）

6、1）Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2）Gone are the days when we are enslaved.6.such和和be連用作表語時(shí)，也常用倒裝語序。連用作表語時(shí)，也常用倒裝語序。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）1）Such was not his intention.2）Such are the facts.部分倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝把助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前部分倒裝把助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前1.用于疑問句。用于疑問句。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1）Shall

7、everything be ready before you arrive?2） What can I do for you?注意：疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，主謂不顛倒。注意：疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，主謂不顛倒。1） Who can work it out?2） How many students have read this book? 2.用于省略用于省略if的虛擬條件從句中，的虛擬條件從句中，should / were / had 置于置于句首。句首。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Had I not adopted my teachers advice, I would have mad

8、e such a serious mistake.2) Should I earn money, I should live better. 3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情況也適合于另表示前面的情況也適合于另一人或物時(shí)。一人或物時(shí)。(部分倒裝部分倒裝)1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you wont go, neither will I.注意：若只是表示對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確認(rèn)，主謂不注意：若只是表示對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確認(rèn)，主謂不倒裝。倒裝。1)Tom asked me to go t

9、o play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.4. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。等。 （部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Not until the 19th c

10、entury was the written examination probably known.2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.1. (2012遼寧高考遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago_ having a holiday abroad.A. he had considered B. had he consideredC. h

11、e considered D. did he consider【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意?？疾榈寡b句。句意:直到三年前他從教育行直到三年前他從教育行業(yè)退休業(yè)退休,他才考慮出國度假。他才考慮出國度假。Not until位于句首時(shí)位于句首時(shí),主句要用主句要用部分倒裝。故排除答案部分倒裝。故排除答案A和和C。又因?yàn)轭}干中的。又因?yàn)轭}干中的three years ago提示要用一般過去時(shí)提示要用一般過去時(shí),故選故選D?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.（2011福建高考）福建高考）Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you

12、like it. A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【解析】【解析】選選C。考查部分倒裝。句意：。考查部分倒裝。句意：太好了。我以前太好了。我以前從沒喝過如此特別的飲料！從沒喝過如此特別的飲料！我很高興你喜歡它。表示否我很高興你喜歡它。表示否定意義的詞，如：定意義的詞，如：never, hardly, no, not等放在句首時(shí)，句子等放在句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。而本題所考查的時(shí)態(tài)是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，要用部分倒裝。而本題所考查的時(shí)態(tài)是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。注意注意1：修飾或連接主語時(shí)，主謂不倒裝：修飾

13、或連接主語時(shí)，主謂不倒裝I have never seen such a performance.注意注意2： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝如否定詞不在句首不倒裝1) Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2) Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.5.only + 狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時(shí)。狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時(shí)。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Only then did I realize the value of

14、 reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. 1. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart_ good relationships with others.A.will you keepB.you will keepC.you kept D.did you keep【解析】【解析】選選A?？疾榈寡b。句意。考查倒裝。句意:只有當(dāng)你在內(nèi)心中找到和平只有當(dāng)你在內(nèi)心中找到和平,你才

15、能與他人建立起良好的關(guān)系。題干為你才能與他人建立起良好的關(guān)系。題干為only+狀語狀語(從句從句)位于位于句首所引起的倒裝句首所引起的倒裝,主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),且根據(jù)語境且根據(jù)語境,此處表此處表將來的情況將來的情況,故應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)。故應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.（2011湖南高考）湖南高考）Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision.A. they reached B. did they reachC. they reach D. do they reach【

16、解析】【解析】選選B。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：討論這個(gè)問題數(shù)小。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：討論這個(gè)問題數(shù)小時(shí)后他們才作出決定。時(shí)后他們才作出決定?！癘nly+狀語從句狀語從句”置于句首時(shí)，置于句首時(shí)，主句的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即可排除主句的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)前面的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，這里要用一般過去時(shí)。故選前面的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，這里要用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。6.“so /such +表語表語/狀語狀語 + that從句從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的so 或或such引引導(dǎo)的表語導(dǎo)的表語/狀語放在句首時(shí)。狀語放在句首時(shí)。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1）So frightened was sh

17、e in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用于形容詞（名詞用于形容詞（名詞/動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞）+ as/though的讓步狀語從句中。的讓步狀語從句中。（特殊倒裝）（特殊倒裝）1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is, he knows a lot.3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift th

18、e box.8.方式副詞方式副詞well或頻度副詞或頻度副詞often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及以及then開頭的句子。開頭的句子。(部分倒裝部分倒裝)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句句型中型中, 前面的句子要部分倒裝。前面的句子要部分倒裝。1）No sooner had I reached the

19、station than the train left.2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意注意: not onlybut also, neithernor連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)不連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)不倒裝倒裝Not only he but also I went to the park.10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。(部分或全部倒部分或全部倒裝裝) 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of Chi

20、na!1.(2014大綱版全國卷大綱版全國卷)_the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.Not do onlyB.Do not onlyC.Only not doD.Not only do【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。句意?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:護(hù)士們不僅想漲工資護(hù)士們不僅想漲工資,而且還想減少工作時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知而且還想減少工作時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,逗號(hào)前逗號(hào)前面是面是not only位于句首構(gòu)成的倒裝句。位于句首構(gòu)成的倒裝句。not only位于句首引位于句首引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)導(dǎo)句

21、子時(shí),用部分倒裝用部分倒裝,即把助動(dòng)詞放在主語前面。即把助動(dòng)詞放在主語前面?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.(2014陜西高考陜西高考)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo YanB.Mo Yan hadC.has Mo YanD.Mo Yan has【解析解析】選選A?？疾榈寡b。句意?？疾榈寡b。句意:莫言一登上舞臺(tái)莫言一登上舞臺(tái),觀眾就報(bào)以觀眾就報(bào)以雷鳴般的掌聲。雷鳴般的掌聲。no sooner.than.一一就就,no sooner所所在的句子用過去完

22、成時(shí)在的句子用過去完成時(shí),位于句首時(shí)要把位于句首時(shí)要把had提前構(gòu)成部分倒提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。裝。3. (2013遼寧高考遼寧高考)At no time _the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken【解析】【解析】選選C。考查倒裝。句意。考查倒裝。句意:他們絕對(duì)沒有違反比賽規(guī)他們絕對(duì)沒有違反比賽規(guī)則則,懲罰他們是不公平的。懲罰他們是不公平

23、的。at no time放在句首放在句首,句子要倒句子要倒裝。故排除裝。故排除A和和D兩項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)兩項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),所以選所以選C。4.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A.occurred itB.it did occurC.it occurredD.did it occur【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意。考查倒裝句。句意:邁克爾從來沒想邁克爾從來沒想過有一天他會(huì)成為班里的一名頂尖學(xué)生。過有一天

24、他會(huì)成為班里的一名頂尖學(xué)生。not為否定為否定詞詞,放在句首用部分倒裝放在句首用部分倒裝,故選故選D。5.(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷新課標(biāo)全國卷) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients【解析】【解析】選選B?？疾榈寡b。句意?？疾榈?/p>

25、裝。句意:在這所醫(yī)院里在這所醫(yī)院里,只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)量增加量增加50%,病人才能得到妥善地治療。病人才能得到妥善地治療?！皁nly+狀語狀語”位于位于句首句首,句子用部分倒裝句子用部分倒裝,即把助動(dòng)詞放在主語之前。由此可知選即把助動(dòng)詞放在主語之前。由此可知選B。6.(2013福建高考福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.A.had he realizedB.did he realizeC.he realizedD.he had reali

26、zed【解析】【解析】選選B。考查倒裝。句意?？疾榈寡b。句意:直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困苦苦,他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家庭的愛是重要的。他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家庭的愛是重要的。not until屬于否定屬于否定意義的詞意義的詞,放在句首放在句首,主句要用部分倒裝主句要用部分倒裝,根據(jù)句意可知根據(jù)句意可知realize這這一動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在一動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在went through之后之后,故用一般過去時(shí)故用一般過去時(shí),因此選因此選B?！菊n堂訓(xùn)練】【課堂訓(xùn)練】1.We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work. A. we think B.

27、 think weC. we do think D. do we think2.You forgot your watch when you went out.Good heavens, _. A. so did I B. so I didC. I did so D. I so did3. In the north of our town_ ,which dates back to theMing Dynasty.A. stands an old temple B. an old temple does standC. does an old temple stand D. an old temple stands4. No sooner_ put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.A. he had B. had he C. does he D. he was