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1、知識(shí)像燭光，能照亮一個(gè)人，也能照亮無(wú)數(shù)的人。--培根
Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars 導(dǎo)學(xué)案
1. (閱讀詞匯) solar [‘s?ul?] adj. 太陽(yáng)的；日光的
? 聯(lián)想：lunar [?lu?n?(r)] adj. 月球的；月亮的
2. (閱讀詞匯) system [‘sist?m] n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度
? solar system 太陽(yáng)系
? solar energy 太陽(yáng)能
? The new system of the computer is still under test,
2、not ready to be used. 這套電腦的新系統(tǒng)還在測(cè)試，還未準(zhǔn)備好使用。
3. (詞匯變形) religion [ri‘lid?n] n. 宗教 – religious [ri‘lid??s] adj. 宗教的
? religious belief 宗教信仰
? have belief / faith in religion 有宗教信仰
4. (閱讀詞匯) theory [‘θi?ri] n. 理論
? the Big Bang theory 宇宙大爆炸理論
? the theory of everything 萬(wàn)物理論
? in theory 理論
3、上: Your plan sounds fine in theory, but does it work in reality? 你的計(jì)劃理論上挺好的，但實(shí)際上可行嗎？(in reality 實(shí)際上)
5. (閱讀詞匯) billion [‘bili?n] pron. & n. & adj. 十億
? billions of … 數(shù)十億的…
? 聯(lián)想：ten 十；tens of … 幾十個(gè)…
? hundred 百；hundreds of … 數(shù)百個(gè)…
? thousand 千；thousands of … 數(shù)千個(gè)…
? million 百萬(wàn)；millions of
4、… 數(shù)百萬(wàn)…
6. (詞匯變形) globe [gl?ub] n. 球體；地球儀；地球 – global [‘gl?ubl] adj. 全球的；全世界的 - globalization [,gl?ub?lai‘zei?n] n. 全球化
? global warming 全球性變暖
7. (詞匯變形) violence [‘vai?l?ns] n. 暴力 – violent [‘vai?l?nt] adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的 – violently adv. 猛烈地；暴力地
? answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
? The
5、earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球的動(dòng)蕩如此劇烈，以至于(當(dāng)時(shí))不清楚它的形狀是否會(huì)固定下來(lái)。
? The building was violently attacked. 這幢建筑物被暴力地襲擊。
8. (寫作短語(yǔ)) in time 及時(shí)；終于
? The explosion was in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and so on. 這次爆炸及時(shí)制造了二氧化碳，氮?dú)猓?/p>
6、水蒸氣還有其他。
? I was worried about being late, but finally I made it in time. 我擔(dān)心遲到，但最終及時(shí)趕到。
? 對(duì)比：on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)：High-speed trains are famous for being on time. 高速動(dòng)車以準(zhǔn)時(shí)出名。
9. (閱讀詞匯) dioxide [dai‘?ksaid] n. 二氧化物
? carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
? a low-carbon life 低碳生活
10. (閱讀詞匯) atmosphere [‘?tm?sfi?] n. 大氣層；
7、氣氛
? All the gases make the earth’s atmosphere. 所有的氣體構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層。
? He told a joke to lighten the atmosphere of the meeting. 他講了個(gè)笑話，緩和會(huì)議的氣氛。
11. (詞匯變形) like prep. 像 – unlike prep. 不像
? Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 水也在其他星球出現(xiàn)過(guò)
8、，像火星；但不像地球，水在其他星球消失了。
? I like my brother, but we are unlike each other. 我喜歡我弟弟，但我們完全不像。
? 聯(lián)系：like vt. 喜歡 – dislike vt. 不喜歡
? 對(duì)比：I have a brother, and we dislike each other.
12. (閱讀詞匯) fundamental [,f?nd?’mentl] adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的 n. 基本原則
? Housing is a fundamental. 居住是一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題。
? A is fundamental
9、to B A對(duì)B而言是基本的
? Water was fundamental to the development of life. 水將對(duì)生命的發(fā)展起基本作用。
? 聯(lián)想：basic [‘beisik] adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的
13. (重難點(diǎn)詞匯) present [‘prez?nt] adj. 出席的，現(xiàn)在的 – presence [‘prez?ns] n. 出席，到場(chǎng)，存在
? be present 到場(chǎng)，出席：Good morning, sir. Everyone is present. 老師早上好。每個(gè)人都到場(chǎng)了。
? Everyone should be p
10、resent at the meeting tomorrow. 每個(gè)人都要出席明天的會(huì)議。
? Scientists believe that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 科學(xué)家相信，水的持續(xù)出現(xiàn)允許地球溶解有害的氣體和酸到海洋里。
14. (詞匯變形) harm [ha:m] vt. & n. 破壞 – harmful [‘ha:mfl] adj. 有害的 – harmless [‘ha:m
11、lis] adj. 無(wú)害的
? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) do harm to sth.：We should stop doing harm to the habitat of animals. 我們應(yīng)該停止破壞動(dòng)物的棲息地。
? a harmful material 有害物質(zhì)
? This kind of material is harmless to the environment. 這種物質(zhì)對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害。
? [重點(diǎn)用法]
? be harmful to sb./sth. 對(duì)……有害
? do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 對(duì)……
15.
12、 (閱讀詞匯) reaction [ri‘?k?n] n. 反應(yīng)
? chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng)
16. (閱讀詞匯) lay eggs 下蛋
? (重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析) lie vi. 撒謊；lie vi. 躺著；lay vt. 放 (laid, laid, laying)
? lie – lied – lied vi. 撒謊：lie to sb. 對(duì)某人撒謊
? lie – lay – lain vi. 躺著：He lay on the ground, thinking about his problem. 他躺在床上，反思著他的問(wèn)題。
? lay – la
13、id – laid vt. 放著：He laid his book on the shelf. 他把書放在架子上。
17. (詞匯變形) exist [ig‘zist] vi. 存在 – existence [ig‘zist?ns] n. 存在
? The dinosaurs existed on earth millions of years ago. 恐龍數(shù)億年前在地球存活。
? There exist some problems we haven’t noticed before. 存在一些我們以前沒(méi)留意到的問(wèn)題。
? exist to do … 存在的意義是為了：The
14、 dustbin exists to sort out and recycle the garbage. 這個(gè)垃圾桶是為了分類垃圾和循環(huán)利用垃圾。
? The existence of air and water made it possible for humans to live. 空氣和水的存在使人類的生存成為可能。
18. (閱讀詞匯) in one’s turn 輪到某人
? After the dinosaurs died out, human beings, in their return, became the most important animals on the
15、 earth. 在恐龍滅絕后，輪到人類成為了地球上最重要的生物。
? (閱讀詞匯) take turns to do … 輪流做某事：We take turns to clean the classroom. 我們輪流打掃教室。
? (寫作詞匯) It’s one’s turn to do … 輪到某人做某事：Hey, it’s your turn to clean the classroom. 嘿，輪到你們打掃教室了。
19. (寫作詞匯) prevent [pri‘vent] sb. (from) doing … 阻止某人做某事
? prevent the earth fr
16、om getting warmer 阻止地球變暖
? Humans are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 人類釋放了太多的二氧化碳進(jìn)入大氣層，這阻止了熱量從地球逃離至外太空。
? 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sb. be prevented from doing …: Everyone was prevented from entering the building. 每個(gè)人都被阻止進(jìn)入這幢建筑物。
? 其他
17、表示“阻止”的短語(yǔ)詞匯：
? stop sb. (from) doing ….；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sb. be stopped from doing …
? keep sb. from doing …；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sb. be kept from doing …
? [注意]
? prevent /stop sb. (from) doing ... 主動(dòng)用法中可省略from，被動(dòng)用法中不能省略from。
? keep sb. From doing ... 無(wú)論主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)用法中，都不能省略from，否則意義會(huì)發(fā)生變化。對(duì)比：keep sb. doing … 讓某人一直做某事
20. (詞匯
18、變形) puzzle [‘p?zl] n. 迷；難題；vt. 使迷惑，使為難
? solve the puzzle 解決這個(gè)難題
? puzzling [‘p?zli?] adj. 令人迷惑的 – puzzled [‘p?zld] adj. 迷惑的
? This is a puzzling question. Everyone feels puzzled about it. 這是道令人困惑的難題。每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得迷惑。
? puzzlement [‘p?zlm?nt] n. 迷惑
? A puzzled look appeared on his face after he kn
19、ew what was going on. 當(dāng)他知道發(fā)生了什么，他臉上呈現(xiàn)出困惑的神情。
21. (寫作詞匯) extinct [ik‘sti?kt] adj. 滅絕的，絕種的 – extinction [ik‘sti?k?n] n. 滅絕
? be extinct = die out 滅絕：The dinosaurs were extinct 150 million years. 恐龍一億五千萬(wàn)年前滅絕。
? The reason for the dinosaurs’ extinction is unknown. 恐龍的滅絕的原因未知。
22. (閱讀詞匯) climate [
20、‘klaimit] n. 氣候
? 聯(lián)想：weather n. 天氣；temperature n. 氣溫
23. (閱讀詞匯) cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮
? I cheered up for the beautiful story. 我因?yàn)檫@個(gè)故事感到振奮。
? This story cheered me up. 這個(gè)故事讓我感到振奮。
? 聯(lián)想：cheerful [?t???fl] adj. 快樂(lè)的；高興的；興高采烈的
24. (寫作詞匯) now that 既然
? Now that we’ve got this far, why not go any
21、 farther? 既然我們已經(jīng)走這么遠(yuǎn)，為何我們不多走遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)？
25. (閱讀詞匯) get the hang of 熟悉，掌握，理解
? get the hang of the skills 掌握好技巧
26. (寫作詞匯) break out 突發(fā)，爆發(fā)
? The fire broke out because of a cigarette end. 這場(chǎng)大火爆發(fā)因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)煙蒂。
? All wars break out for a bad reason. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)皆出惡因。
? 其他與break有關(guān)的短語(yǔ) (和break有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)多數(shù)都無(wú)被動(dòng))
? break down 壞
22、了：The car broke down halfway so we had to walk to the park. 車子半途壞了，所以我們不得不走路到公園。
? break up 分手，解散：The band broke up in 1990.
27. (詞匯變形) exhaust [ig‘z?:st] vt. 用盡，耗盡，使筋疲力盡 – exhausted [ig‘z?s:tid] adj. 筋疲力盡的 -exhausting [ig‘z?s:ti?] adj. 令人筋疲力盡的
? All days’ work exhausted me. 整天工作讓我筋疲力盡。
? I
23、was exhausted by all days’ work.
? What an exhausting day!
28. (閱讀詞匯) watch out for sth. 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防
? Watch out for the wet paint. 小心，油漆未干。
29. (短語(yǔ)用法) It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which w
24、ere to make the earth’ s atmosphere. 它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。
? [解釋]“be + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來(lái)表示“按計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、父母對(duì)子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發(fā)生”。例如：
? 1). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow.
= A meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我們明天將開(kāi)會(huì)。
25、? 2). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 這趟火車將于上午10: 25到達(dá)北京。
30. (短語(yǔ)用法) That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那使生命的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育成為一種可能。
? [解釋] 此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語(yǔ)it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中: make (謂語(yǔ)) it (形式賓語(yǔ)) possible (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) for live to begin to develop (不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，真正的賓語(yǔ))。再如：She made it her business
26、to find out who was responsible. 她非要弄清楚是誰(shuí)的責(zé)任不可。
? [提示]：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
? 1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.
? 2). I find it hard to get along with him.
31. (短語(yǔ)用法) But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the eart
27、h and fell over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。
? [解釋] twice as...as... “是……的兩倍”，英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)倍數(shù)的表示句型：
? 1). 倍數(shù)+ as + adj./adv. + as “是……的幾倍” My room is twice as large as his.
? 2). 倍數(shù)+ adj./adv.比較級(jí)+ than “比……(多/大)幾倍”My room is twice larger than his.
? 3). 倍數(shù)+ the +表示長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度等的名詞+ of “是……的
28、長(zhǎng)度/高度/寬度幾倍” My room is twice the size of his.
? [注意]：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。例如：
? 1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one.
? = This ruler is three times the length of that one. 這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長(zhǎng)。
? 2). There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。
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人教版必修三Unit 4 詞匯要點(diǎn)總結(jié)
