2022年考博英語-大連工業(yè)大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷1（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英語-大連工業(yè)大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷（含答案解析） 1. 單選題 The school has been （? ）as the meeting place for the evening art club. 問題1選項 A.designed B.designated C.diverted D.diagnosed 【答案】B 【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項design“設(shè)計，構(gòu)思”；B選項designate“指定，指派”；C選項 divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項diagnose“診斷”。 句意：這所學(xué)校被指定為晚間藝術(shù)俱樂部

2、的會址。選項B符合句意。 2. 單選題 The train came to a/an （? ） stop, making many passengers fall off their seats. 問題1選項 A.hasty B.incidental C.swift D.abrupt 【答案】D 【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B選項incidental“偶然的”；C選項swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D選項abrupt“突然的”。 句意：火車突然停了下來，許多乘客從座位上摔了下來。選項D更符合

3、語境。 3. 單選題 She didn’t openly attack the plan, but her opposition was （? ）in her failure to say anything in support of it. 問題1選項 A.explicit B.implicit C.internal D.immoral 【答案】B 【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項explicit“明確的，清楚的”；B選項implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C選項internal“內(nèi)部的”；D選項immoral“不道德的”

4、。 句意：她沒有公開抨擊這個計劃，但她沒有說任何支持這個計劃的話，這就暗示了她的反對。選項B符合句意。 4. 單選題 Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Amo

5、ng these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students

6、 can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large--group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to brin

7、ging new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidenc

8、e that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students.

9、 Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students w

10、here he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students’ opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional tech

11、nology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning. 1.The author is mainly concerned with （? ）. 2.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must （? ）. 3.The negative reactions

12、of students to technology are the result of? （? ）. 4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of （? ）. 問題1選項 A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they want B.making technology an active tool in the school C.relieving the teacher fro

13、m routine duties D.meeting the needs of each student 問題2選項 A.not depend on teachers B.make use of varying methods of teaching C.place a renewed emphasis on science D.not organize their instruction 問題3選項 A.unknown factors B.a general hostility toward education C.

14、its misuse D.its newness in the schools 問題4選項 A.make it easier for students to obtain needed information B.provide many ways of teaching the same thing C.make learning easy and fun D.provide students with enrollment exam 【答案】第1題:D 第2題:B 第3題:C 第4題:D 【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文第三句“

15、The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. 所有這些創(chuàng)新的目的是調(diào)整教學(xué)使之更加精確來適應(yīng)每個學(xué)生的需要?！庇纱丝芍?，作者最關(guān)心的是滿足每個學(xué)生的需求。選項D正確。 2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions

16、for maximum effective learning. 所有可用的教學(xué)資源，包括教師，可以共同努力，為最大限度地有效學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造條件?！庇纱丝赏茰y，選項B正確。 3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第七句“Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. 他們（學(xué)生）中的許多人討厭技術(shù)，但他們反對的通常是技術(shù)被用作處理大量學(xué)生的手段?！币簿褪钦f，大多數(shù)學(xué)生反對技術(shù)是因為技術(shù)被錯誤的使

17、用，所以選項C正確。 4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文后半部分“They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students’ opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructiona

18、l technology. 它們（技術(shù)）可以通過各種判斷把信息呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。它們可以給學(xué)生機(jī)會，以多種方式對事物作出反應(yīng)?？傊?，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會可以通過使用廣泛的教學(xué)技術(shù)來增加和提高?！庇纱丝芍?，只有選項D沒有提及，所以本題選D。 5. 單選題 When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（? ） qualified sources of information and examples. 問題1選項 A.unbiased B.manipulated C.distorted D.co

19、nveyed 【答案】A 【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項unbiased“公正的，無偏見的”；B選項manipulated“操作”；C選項distorted“扭曲的”；D選項conveyed“傳達(dá)”。 句意：當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備你的演講時，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來源和例子。選項A符合句意。 6. 單選題 Most of the rubbish that we usually（? ）of can be recycled. 問題1選項 A.disposed B.discharge C.dispatch D.dissolve

20、 【答案】A 【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項dispose“處理，安排”；B選項discharge“釋放”；C選項dispatch“派遣”；D選項dissolve“溶解”。 句意：我們通常處理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。選項A更符合語境。 7. 單選題 The doctor told the students that a(n) （? ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another. 問題1選項 A.effective B.infectious C.coh

21、erent D.inherent 【答案】B 【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項effective“有效的，起作用的”；B選項infectious“傳染的”；C選項coherent“連貫的，一致的”；D選項inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”。 句意：醫(yī)生告訴學(xué)生傳染病是一種可以從一個人傳染給另一個人的疾病。infectious disease意為“傳染病”，所以選項B正確。 8. 單選題 As a lawyer（? ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand

22、banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles. 問題1選項 A.notorious B.notable C.nasty D.notified 【答案】B 【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項notable“顯著的，著名的”；C選項nasty“極差的，惡意的”；D選項notified“通知”。 句意：作為一個以良好的判斷力和口才著稱的律師，他經(jīng)常被邀請參加那些盛大的宴會，會見來自各界的杰出人士。選項B符合句意。

23、 9. 單選題 The（? ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency. 問題1選項 A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 【答案】A 【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項conversion“轉(zhuǎn)化，變換”；B選項convention“約定，習(xí)俗”；C選項conversation“交談，會話”；D選項version“版

24、本”。 句意：把電能轉(zhuǎn)換成熱能是一個很容易以100%的效率進(jìn)行的過程。選項A符合句意。 10. 單選題 Everyone has a legal （? ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings. 問題1選項 A.refinement B.constriction C.obligation D.impulsion 【答案】C 【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項refinement“改進(jìn)，改善”；B選項constriction“收縮，壓縮”；C選項obli

25、gation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；D選項impulsion“沖動”。 句意：每個人都有法律義務(wù)向稅務(wù)局提供他們收入的詳細(xì)情況。選項C符合句意。 11. 單選題 Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（? ）to the world’s poor. 問題1選項 A.commitments B.engagements C.responsibilities D.applications 【答案】C 【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項commitment“承諾，保證”；B選項e

26、ngagement“約會，諾言”；C選項responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)”；D選項application“應(yīng)用，申請”。 句意：富裕國家在對援助世界窮國的責(zé)任方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。選項C符合句意。 12. 單選題 Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as

27、there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to same them simply because they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with now way to reduce rising cost or increase

28、 revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of th

29、e nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business. It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even wit

30、h full enrollments, they may go under. Effects to save them and preferably to keep them private, are national necessities. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges th

31、at rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as

32、ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good . Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education. 1.In the author’s opinion, schools are bad business because of （?

33、）. 2.The author used the phrase “go under” in the third paragraph to mean （? ）.?? 3.We have reasonably conclude from the passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support （? ）.?? 4.Which of the following is not mentioned? 問題1選項 A.mismanagement B.too few studen

34、ts C.too many students D.the nature of schools 問題2選項 A.get into difficulties B.have low enrollment C.have low tuition D.bring in more money 問題3選項 A.public institutions B.private schools C.uniformity of education D.equality of education 問題4選項 A.Hi

35、gh-quality private schools deserve to be saved. B.If the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down. C.There are many cases that public schools are better than private schools. D.Private schools have more money than public schools. 【答案】第1題:D 第2題:A 第3題:D 第4題:D 【解析】1.判斷推理題。從文章第二段倒數(shù)第

36、三句‘Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. ’可知，不論是公立還是私立，經(jīng)營學(xué)校都是一件失敗的生意，這不總是因為管理不善，而是因為辦企業(yè)的本質(zhì)。再根據(jù)文章下一句“They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many

37、students. 學(xué)校在每一位消費者身上都會賠錢，太少或者太多的生源都會迫使學(xué)校走向破產(chǎn)。"所以說學(xué)校是一樁賠本的買賣是由學(xué)校的本質(zhì)所決定的。D選項正確。 2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句 “It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. 正是這樣的大學(xué)，欣欣向榮卻岌岌可危，我擔(dān)心入學(xué)率低并不是他們的首要問題。即使是全額注冊，他們也可能會

38、倒閉。”確定第三段講述的是學(xué)校是如何入不敷出、經(jīng)營不善的。A選項符合題意。 3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第五句和倒數(shù)第二句“In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. 在一個不完美的社會里，多樣化是一件積極的好事。公共機(jī)構(gòu)將占主導(dǎo)地位，這是不可避免的，因此多樣化是國家的需要?！贝_定作者并不傾向于哪

39、一種性質(zhì)的學(xué)校，他提倡的是教育的多樣性，即教育的平等性。D選項符合題意。 4.判斷推理題。從第一段第二、三句 “Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. 不是每一所學(xué)校都能被拯救，也不是每一所學(xué)校都值得唄拯救。質(zhì)量低劣的學(xué)校就像經(jīng)營不善的生意一樣存在著?！?推斷A選項‘只有那些辦學(xué)質(zhì)量高的學(xué)校才值得被拯救’正確；根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“for each time tu

40、ition goes up, the enrollment goes down因為每一次伴隨著學(xué)費的升高，入學(xué)率 就會下降”推斷B選項‘如果學(xué)費上漲，入學(xué)率就會下降?！_。再根據(jù)文章第三段第四、五、六句“There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the fines

41、t in the nation and the world. 沒有理由說私立學(xué)校天生就比公立學(xué)校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能說出美國和世界上最好的州立大學(xué)和學(xué)院的名字。”推斷C選項‘有的公立學(xué)校的辦學(xué)質(zhì)量好于私立學(xué)?！_；D選項說私立學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校更有錢的說法文章中沒有提到。所以本題選D。 13. 單選題 （? ）is forbidden in some states in the United States for religious reasons, while it is permitted in some other states. 問題1

42、選項 A.Conception B.Abortion C.Delivery D.Perception 【答案】B 【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項Conception“懷孕”；B選項Abortion“墮胎，流產(chǎn)”；C選項Delivery“分娩”；D選項Perception“感知”。 句意：由于宗教原因，美國有些州禁止墮胎，而有些州允許墮胎。選項B更符合語境。 14. 翻譯題 ?In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese

43、and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs? Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are

44、at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations --trucking, financial advice, software engineering--have aroused their

45、 interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine. This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites(反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but

46、it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

47、Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

48、 【答案】在中產(chǎn)階級面臨的諸多惱人挑戰(zhàn)中，有一個很可能在下屆總統(tǒng)競選中會被忽視：當(dāng)機(jī)器人來搶飯碗時會發(fā)生什么? 不要完全排除這種可能性。牛津大學(xué)的一項研究顯示，美國約有一半的工作面臨著被自動化取代的高風(fēng)險，中產(chǎn)階級受到了不成比例的擠壓。像園藝或日托這樣的低收入工作對機(jī)器人沒有吸引力。但許多中產(chǎn)階級的職業(yè)---卡車運輸、金融咨詢、軟件工程---已經(jīng)引起了他們的興趣，或者很快就會引起他們的興趣。富人擁有機(jī)器人，所以他們會沒事的。 這不是危言聳聽。樂觀主義者指出，技術(shù)變革在過去曾使工人受益。工業(yè)革命對反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者來說并不那么順利，他們的工作被機(jī)械化的織布機(jī)取代了，但工業(yè)革

49、命最終提高了生活水平，創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位比被摧毀的要多。同樣，自動化最終應(yīng)該會提高生產(chǎn)率，通過壓低價格來刺激需求，讓工人從繁重、乏味的工作中解脫出來。但從中期來看，中產(chǎn)階級工人可能需要大量幫助來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 未來幾年，技術(shù)將大大小小的改善社會，但對于那些發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活和事業(yè)被自動化顛覆的人來說，這并不是什么安慰。摧毀那些為我們工作而來的機(jī)器將是瘋狂的。但幫助工人適應(yīng)的政策將是不可或缺的。 15. 單選題 Despite warnings from his parents and teacher, Stevenson is （? ）to computer games.

50、 問題1選項 A.activated B.adhered C.addicted D.appealed 【答案】C 【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項activate to“激活”；B選項adhere to“堅持，依附”；C選項addict to“沉迷于”；D選項appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。 句意：盡管父母和老師已經(jīng)警告過他，但史蒂文森仍然沉迷于電腦游戲。選項C符合語境。 16. 翻譯題 Translate the following paragraph into English.? 中國發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就，但我們清楚地認(rèn)識到，中

51、國還是最大的發(fā)展中國家，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平與發(fā)達(dá)國家有較大差距。經(jīng)濟(jì)正在進(jìn)行提質(zhì)增效，但仍然存在著很多制約發(fā)展的體制和機(jī)制(systemic and institutional) 障礙。中國要實現(xiàn)更大更好的發(fā)展，到21世紀(jì)中葉進(jìn)入中等發(fā)達(dá)國家行列，關(guān)鍵是堅持走改革創(chuàng)新之路，進(jìn)一步解放思想，把人民群眾的創(chuàng)造潛能充分激發(fā)出來，使整個社會充滿生機(jī)活力，形成支撐發(fā)展源源不斷的動力。 【答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are full

52、y aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level of science and technology lags far behind that of developed countries. The economy is improving in quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic and institutional obs

53、tacles to development. To achieve greater and better development and join the ranks of medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century, the key for China is to stay on the path of reform and innovation, further emancipate the mind, fully unleash the creative potential of the people, inv

54、igorate the whole society, and create a steady stream of driving force for development. 17. 單選題 Reporters and photographers alike took great（? ）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview. 問題1選項 A.annoyance B.offence C.resentment D.irritation 【答案】D 【解析】名詞辨

55、析題。A選項annoyance“煩惱”；B選項offence“冒犯”；C選項resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；D選項irritation“惱怒，生氣”。 句意：記者和攝影師都對演員在采訪中的粗魯行為感到非常惱火。選項D更符合語境。 18. 單選題 Excellent films are those which（? ）national and cultural barriers. 問題1選項 A.transcend B.traverse C.abolish D.suppress 【答案】A 【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項t

56、ranscend“勝過，超越”；B選項traverse“穿過；C選項 abolish“廢除，取消”；D選項suppress“抑制”。 句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國家和文化障礙的電影。選項A符合句意。 19. 單選題 To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （? ）a series of policies. 問題1選項 A.reserved B.issued C.delivered D.expressed 【答案】B 【解析】動詞辨析

57、題。A選項reserve“預(yù)定”；B選項issue“發(fā)行”；C選項deliver“交付”；D選項express“表達(dá)”。 句意：為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B更符合語境，所以正確。 20. 單選題 This diploma is important, which（? ）that you have completed high school. 問題1選項 A.amplifies B.certifies C.clarifies D.magnifies 【答案】B 【解析】動詞辨析。A選項amplify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；B選項certify“證明”；C選項clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項magnify“贊美，夸大”。 句意：這個文憑很重要，它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項B符合句意。