2022年考博英語-揚州大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷22（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英語-揚州大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷（含答案解析） 1. 單選題 The election of Barack Obama is a vivid illustration of the extent to which racial attitudes（ ）. 問題1選項 A.have been evolved B.have evolved C.have been involved with D.have been involved in 【答案】B 【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：巴拉克?奧巴馬的當(dāng)選從某種程度上來說是種族態(tài)度逐漸形

2、成的生動的例證。根據(jù)句意可首先排除選項C和選項D；evolve意為“發(fā)展，進(jìn)化，逐漸形成”，在本句中不需要使用被動語態(tài)，所以選項A不正確，本題選擇B選項。 2. 單選題 Glass that has been tempered may be up to（ ）. 問題1選項 A.five times as hard as ordinary glass B.as hard as ordinary glass five times C.hard as ordinary glass as five times D.as five times hard

3、ordinary glass 【答案】A 【解析】語法題?？疾楸稊?shù)表達(dá)：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+其它。句意：鋼化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A項正確。 3. 單選題 One child per family has become the（ ）of family in most cities in China. 問題1選項 A.standards B.criteria C.norm D.I tried hard 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項standards“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)格”；B選項crite

4、ria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，條件”；C選項norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范” D選項touchstone“試金石；檢驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。句意：一個家庭一個孩子已經(jīng)成為中國大多數(shù)城市的家庭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A, B, C選項都有 “標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的意思，它們的區(qū)別是：standard指法定的或一般公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用途比較廣泛，criteria指有特殊的確實性,令人信服而用以判斷，norm是一種社會習(xí)慣(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，指規(guī)范、基準(zhǔn)、定額、分配之工作量、準(zhǔn)則。因此A選項正確。 4. 單選題 Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their（ ）for world conquest.

5、 問題1選項 A.admiration B.ambition C.aspiration D.orientation 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項admiration“欽佩，贊賞”；B選項ambition“野心，抱負(fù)”；C選項aspiration“渴望”；D選項orientation“方向”。句意：他們的外交原則完全暴露了他們征服世界的野心。選項B符合句意。 5. 單選題 ?There is not the woman born who desires to eat the bread of dependence, no matt

6、er (? ) from the hand of father, husband, or brother; for any one who does so eat her bread places herself in the power of the person（ ）she takes it. 問題1選項 A.whether they be.... from which B.whether it be...from whom C.would they be....from whom D.would it be…from which 【答案】B

7、【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：世上沒有生來就想靠別人吃飯的女人，無論是靠父親、丈夫還是兄弟；因為任何一個人這樣做的話，就是將自己置于施舍之人的權(quán)利之下。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空主要是需要明確from的主語應(yīng)該是“the bread”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式的it來指代，由此可排除選項A和選項C；其次第二空的先行詞是the person，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whom，所以選項B正確。 6. 單選題 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the

8、 number of such reasons is small．Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done t

9、o make sure that trees have a desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cut ou

10、t diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree

11、 and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as po

12、ssible．It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning i

13、s usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning is probably usually done to （ ）

14、. 2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ( ). 問題1選項 A.make the small branches thicker. B.get rid of the small branches. C.improve the shape of the tree. D.make the tree grow taller. 問題2選項 A.damages some of the small side branches. B.forces them to grow too quickly.

15、 C.does not protect them from the wind. D.allows too many branches to grow in the middle. 問題3選項 A.To help a wound to dry. B.To cover a rough surface. C.To prevent disease entering a wound. D.To make a wound smooth. 問題4選項 A.regularly every winter. B.occasionally w

16、hen necessary. C.as quickly as possible. D.at intervals throughout the year. 問題5選項 A.To discuss different methods of pruning. B.To explain how trees develop disease. C.To give a general description of pruning. D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree. 【答案】第1題:

17、C 第2題:D 第3題:C 第4題:B 第5題:C 【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段第一句指出：First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size (首先，修剪可以確保樹有一個理想的形狀或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是為了“改善樹的形狀”，故選C。 2.判斷推理題。第二段最后一句指出：The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and

18、so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉擋在中間而阻止了空氣自由流通的樹枝，可以讓樹更健康)。由此可知，如果園丁讓太多的樹枝在中間生長，樹就會不健康。D選項正確。 3.判斷推理題。最后一段第一句指出：One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一個后果是樹上留下一個缺口，這為疾病提供了一個容易的入口，但

19、這是一個可以愈合的傷口)。因此樹被涂上一種特殊材料終究是為了“防止疾病通過修剪口侵入”。B項和D項都是干擾項，雖然后面提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness (修剪過的區(qū)域必須光滑干凈，因為粗糙會減緩愈合速度)。但它們并不是最終原因。因此本題選C。 4.判斷推理題。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear

20、reason for doing so and … (只有在有充分和明確的理由時才應(yīng)該修剪樹木)。由此推斷，B項“必要時偶爾修剪”正確。 5.主旨大意題。本文開頭講了修剪的原因，方法，后面講了修剪的后果極其處理方法，因此C項“概述修剪”比較能概括本文主旨。 7. 單選題 Many tourists were（ ）by the city’s complicated traffic system. 問題1選項 A.degraded B.bewildered C.evoked D.diverted 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞辨析。de

21、grade“使降低，使墮落，” ；bewilder“迷惑；把…弄糊涂，”；evoke意為“喚起，引起，”；divert意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，分散?！本湟猓哼@個城市復(fù)雜的交通把許多游客搞得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。B項符合題意。 8. 單選題 When they marry, husbands and wives have well-developed health histories and well-established congenital and developmental propensities toward good and ill health. Substantial research

22、 suggests that, given the existing health propensity and health condition of an individual at a particular time, his or her probability of better or worse future health is affected by a variety of socially mediated factors that are subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse. Spouses

23、can promote each other’s health by ameliorating psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increase mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism that links socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-red

24、ucing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychological treatment, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors. Spouses also can promote e

25、ach other’s health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each other’s social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, c

26、oworkers and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduced upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks. Spouses can also promote each other’s health by providing each other wi

27、th money income, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and

28、 amenities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and purchase and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each o

29、ther’s probability of good health. 1.What is the passage mainly about? 2.According to the author, what is the most effective way for the husband to reduce psychological stress? 3.Which one is the suitable summary of paragraph 1? 4.How can money make good health? 5.Which of the following is like

30、ly to throw spouses into ill health? 問題1選項 A.How spouses can promote each other’s physical condition. B.The spouse’s probability of future well-being. C.Effects of spouse’s hours of work on each other’s health. D.Spouses influence each other in various ways. 問題2選項 A.To tal

31、k to other person. B.To go to see psychiatrist. C.To take pleasure. D.To talk with his wife. 問題3選項 A.Spouse’s influence is of vital importance to each other’s health. B.Spouse’s influence has nothing to do with health. C.Healthy spouses will remain health after their marriag

32、e. D.There are a variety of socially mediated factors. 問題4選項 A.Money sometimes may be powerful enough to buy health directly. B.Spouses can manage money income effectively for each other’s health C.Money can provide spouses with goods and services, which is likely to make good hea

33、lth. D.For the sake of each other’s heath, husbands and wives should share everything. 問題5選項 A.Positive interaction with relatives. B.Appropriate physical exercise. C.Few social networks. D.Nutritious food. 【答案】第1題:A 第2題:D 第3題:A 第4題:C 第5題:C 【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段

34、指出丈夫或妻子的健康狀況不僅受到社會因素的影響，還會受到其配偶的影響。接著后面的三個段落分別從三個不同的角度講述了配偶之間應(yīng)該如何相互幫助來促進(jìn)彼此的健康，所以選項C符合原文。 2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，減壓機制包括消除壓力來源，通過與信任的人談話來管理壓力，還有心理治療，體育鍛煉，娛樂休閑等其他方法。配偶可以提供或鼓勵所有這些減輕壓力的行為。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為丈夫減輕心理壓力最有效的辦法應(yīng)該是與信任的人也就是妻子進(jìn)行談話溝通，所以選項D正確。 3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第11題的分析可知，第一段主要是講丈夫或妻子的健康狀況不僅受到社會因素的影響，還會受到其配偶的影響。也就是說配偶的影響

35、對彼此的健康至關(guān)重要。所以選項A符合原文。 4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. 金錢不能直接買到健康，但它可以用來購買使人更有可能獲得健康的商品和服務(wù)。”由此可知，選項C符合原文。 5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A選項“與親人之間的積極互動”；B選項“適當(dāng)?shù)捏w育鍛煉”； D選項“有營養(yǎng)的食物”都能夠促進(jìn)配偶的健康狀況，只有C選項“很小的社交圈子”可能會讓配偶健康狀況

36、不佳。所以本題選C。 9. 單選題 Practicing mindfulness and meditation is becoming increasingly popular among lawyers in order to（ ） so much of the stress that goes along with a career as an attorney. 問題1選項 A.aggravate B.alleviate C.deteriorate D.diminish 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項aggravat

37、e“加重，激怒”；B選項alleviate“減輕，緩和”；C選項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；D選項diminish“減少，縮小”。句意：練習(xí)專注和冥想受到了越來越多的律師歡迎，他們以此來減輕伴隨律師這個職業(yè)的諸多壓力。選項B符合句意。 10. 翻譯題 1. Translate the following into Chinese: (10%) Most of us have inherited morality from religion, family, education, or society in general, and usually from all

38、these sources, because they share common taboos against killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and so on and a common belief in what constitutes praiseworthy behavior. In some respects, however, these sources can be at odds with each other. Your national assessment of a situation may lead you in one di

39、rection, religion, in another; and family tradition, in still another. Life push us into so many quandaries that doing the right thing in every instance becomes exceedingly difficult. 【答案】我們大多數(shù)人從宗教、家庭、教育或一般社會中繼承了道德，而且通常是從所有這些來源繼承的，因為他們都有反對殺戮、偷盜、通奸、撒謊等的共同禁忌，也都相信什么是值得稱贊的行為。然而，在某些方面，這些來源可能相互

40、矛盾。你對國家形勢的評估可能會把你引向一個方向，宗教或另一個方向;還有家庭傳統(tǒng)。生活把我們推入如此多的困境，以至于在每個情況下做正確的事情變得極其困難。 11. 單選題 There（ ） no further questions, the Chair will entertain a motion to approve the Presidents report. 問題1選項 A.had been B.would be C.was D.being 【答案】D 【解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：沒有問題的話，主席要提議請大家核準(zhǔn)董事會的報告

41、。句子的前半部分在句中做狀語成分，為獨立主格機構(gòu)，所以填空處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞，只有選項D符合要求。 12. 單選題 We offer a wide variety of services to fit your request,（ ）web design, graphic design, web development, or anything else. 問題1選項 A.whether they be B.whether it be C.would they be D.would it be 【答案】B 【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意

42、：我們提供各種各樣的服務(wù)，以滿足您的要求，無論是網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，圖形設(shè)計，網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)，或任何其他。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示的是“無論….”，可首先排除選項C和選項D；其次，原句中并列的幾個選擇性詞組都是單數(shù)形式，所以這里的代詞也應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，選項B為正確答案。 13. 單選題 Certain decisions were made that seemed obvious and necessary at the time, but（ ）, we know that some of them are not as beneficial as the creators then believ

43、ed. 問題1選項 A.in retrospection B.in retrospect C.with reminiscence D.in nostalgia 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。in retrospect意為“回顧往事，檢討過去”。句意：有些決定在當(dāng)時看來是顯而易見和必要的，但回顧過去，我們知道有些決定并不像當(dāng)時我們所認(rèn)為的那樣有益。選項B符合句意。 14. 單選題 As social beings we live with our eyes upon our reflection, but have no（ ）of

44、 the tranquility of the waters in which we see it. 問題1選項 A.warrant B.obligation C.assurance D.certainty 【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項warrant“根據(jù)，證明”，強調(diào)法律依據(jù)，確信無疑的證據(jù)；B選項obligation“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”；C選項assurance“保證，擔(dān)保”；D選項certainty“必然，確實”。句意：作為社會上的人我們堅信眼見為實，但是沒法保證我們所看到的一定就是真實的。選項C符合句意。 15. 寫作題

45、 Directions: Human identity, the idea that defines each and every one of us, could be facing an unprecedented crisis. It is a crisis that would threaten long-held notions of who we are, what we do and how we behave. According to neuroscientists, this crisis could reshape the way we think, we learn

46、and we interact with each other, alter what makes us happy, and modify our capacity for reaching our full potential as individuals. It is caused by one simple fact: We are excessively reliant on the use of the information technology. Likewise, the way we traditionally learn and teach in classrooms i

47、s under threat from the modern technology and fails to attract the post-1990s, who have been negatively stereotyped as a selfish group or labeled as Iphone fans or Wechat-(or QQ-) addicted kids. What do you think of the possible changes that could be made in the Chinese tertiary education to be ada

48、pted to the learning needs of the post-1990s in the new era of information technology? Write a composition of about 250 words expressing your own opinions. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

49、 Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks

50、will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 【答案】略 16. 單選題 Most of the trees in the temperate zone become（ ）in winter. 問題1選項 A.barren B.luxuriant C.rotten D.bald

51、【答案】D 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren“貧瘠的，不生育的”；luxuriant“繁茂的，濃密的”；rotten“腐爛的，墮落的，虛弱的”；bald“光禿的，禿頂?shù)摹?。句意：熱帶地區(qū)的大多數(shù)樹在冬天會變得光禿。D項正確。 17. 單選題 Since market reforms were instituted in the late 1970s, China has been among the most rapidly growing economies in the world, regularly（ ） 10 percent GDP growth annuall

52、y. 問題1選項 A.exceeded B.exceeding C.has exceeded D.having exceeded 【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語。句意：自上世紀(jì)70年代末實行市場改革以來，中國一直是世界上增長最快的經(jīng)濟體之一，每年的GDP增長率經(jīng)常超過10%。句中已有謂語動詞has been，所以填空處應(yīng)填入非謂語，由此可首先排除C選項和D選項；其次，這里應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示超過的狀態(tài)，而且超過是主動語態(tài)，所以選項B正確。 18. 單選題 The international situation has been g

53、rowing（ ）difficult for the last few years. 問題1選項 A.invariably B.presumably C.increasingly D.dominantly 【答案】C 【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項invariably“不變地”；B選項presumably“大概，推測起來”；C選項increasingly“越來越多地”；D選項dominantly“有統(tǒng)治權(quán)地”。句意：最近幾年里，國際形勢日益嚴(yán)峻。選項C符合句意。 19. 單選題 She contrived to get a glimp

54、se of the light of truth here and there, and hoped that（ ）ray might suffice to guide her. 問題1選項 A.scant B.scarce C.meager D.sparse 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scant“不足的，缺乏的”，強調(diào)的是勉強足夠的；B選項scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，強調(diào)的是“稀缺、珍貴”；C選項meager“貧乏的”，多指收入微??；D選項sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，強調(diào)人煙稀少，資源匱乏。句意：她設(shè)法在各處瞥見一點真理的光

55、芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引導(dǎo)她。這里強調(diào)的是勉強足夠的，所以選項A更符合語境。 20. 單選題 The report includes a tale of how an honorable man pursuing honorable goals was afflicted with（ ）and led his nation towards catastrophe. 問題1選項 A.pride B.humility C.gratification D.hubris 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pride“自豪，傲慢”；B選項humility“謙遜”；C選項gratification“滿意，喜悅”；D選項hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：這個報告包括了一個故事， 的是一個高貴的人是如何追求崇高的目標(biāo)，卻由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，從而使他的國家走向災(zāi)難。選項D符合語境。