2022年考博英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷34（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷（含答案解析） 1. 單選題 ?Kazakhstan is to（ ）business registration procedures by lessening the number of the documents for business registration. 問題1選項 A.simplify B.signify C.stimulate D.stipulate 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞辨析。simplify簡化； signify表示，意味著；stimulate刺激，鼓

2、舞； stipulate規(guī)定，保證。由lessening…可知哈薩克斯坦正在減少辦理商業(yè)登記的文件數(shù)量，目的是為了簡化商業(yè)登記手續(xù)。故空格處所填單詞與lessening意思接近，A項符合題意。 2. 單選題 The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often（1）, including several generation

3、s related by（2）or marriage living in the same home. An. Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family ---including the dead（3）. Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty（4）them. Children repay their parent

4、s'（5）by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a（6）part of life in China.（7）, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous（8）in the United States, where aging and family support are not（9）highly.（10）, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old i

5、s seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect. Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are（11）extremely family-oriented. They are（12）to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education.（13）, the children are devoted to their parent

6、s, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons（14）send large parts of their income home to their parents. The Vietnamese family（15）people currently（16）as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any（17）or actions are done from family considerati

7、ons, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged（18）whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the（19）of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence t

8、heir（20）in their next life. 問題1選項 A.enlarged B.lengthened C.expanded D.extended 問題2選項 A.history B.blood C.interaction D.bond 問題3選項 A.ancestors B.settlers C.immigrant D.pioneer 問題4選項 A.of B.for C.toward D.on 問題5選項 A

9、.sacrifices B.sufferings C.contributions D.tributes 問題6選項 A.formal B.natural C.regular D.peculiar 問題7選項 A.in comparison B.in contrast C.in a way D.to the same extent 問題8選項 A.relief B.responsibility C.burden D.business 問題9選項

10、A.rewarded B.complimented C.regarded D.honored 問題10選項 A.as a result B.of course C.and yet D.in fact 問題11選項 A.but B.further C.still D.only 問題12選項 A.dedicated B.confined C.corresponded D.exposed 問題13選項 A.in exchange B.in tu

11、rn C.in vain D.in debt 問題14選項 A.occasionally B.intentionally C.typically D.steadily 問題15選項 A.insists on B.resists to C.persists in D.consists of 問題16選項 A.alive B.lively C.living D.life 問題17選項 A.decisions B.incidences C.ac

12、cidents D.expedition 問題18選項 A.by B.on C.for D.in 問題19選項 A.counterpart B.competitor C.opposite D.opponent 問題20選項 A.station B.state C.stature D.status 【答案】第1題:D 第2題:B 第3題:A 第4題:C 第5題:A 第6題:B 第7題:B 第8題:C 第9題:D 第10題:D 第11題:C 第12

13、題:A 第13題:B 第14題:C 第15題:D 第16題:A 第17題:A 第18題:B 第19題:C 第20題:D 【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。enlarged放大的，增大的；lengthened 延長；expanded擴充的，展開的；extended延伸的，擴大的。根據(jù)空格后的“including several generations”可知亞洲的家庭是向后擴展延伸的。故D項正確。 2.考查名詞辨析。history歷史；blood血液；interaction相互作用；bond紐帶。該句指亞洲家庭通常是往后延伸的，包括由血緣關(guān)系或婚姻關(guān)系而來的住在一起的幾代人。由mar

14、riage可推測該空填blood。 3.考查名詞辨析。ancestor祖先；settler移居者；immigrant移民者；pioneer先鋒。由dead可知這里指逝去的其他家庭成員即祖先。故A項正確。 4.考查介詞辨析。對…的責(zé)任感，a duty toward sb. 故C項正確。 5.考查名詞辨析。sacrifice犧牲；suffering遭遇，痛苦；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；tribute禮物，頌詞。由空前的repay their parents'可知中國子女回報他們父母為他們所作出的犧牲。故A項正確。 6.考查形容詞辨析。formal正式的；natural自然的；regul

15、ar有規(guī)律的，定期的；peculiar特殊的，獨特的。子女贍養(yǎng)父母在中國是一件是自然的事情。故B項正確。 7.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由下文可知，在美國變老是一件壞事，許多老人得不到尊重。這種情況與中國相反。故B項正確。 8. 由上題確定的基調(diào)可知，在美國，照顧年老的父母被子女看作一個巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。relief信仰；responsibility責(zé)任；burden負(fù)擔(dān)；business商業(yè)。故C項正確。 9.考查動詞辨析。reward報酬；compliment恭維，稱贊；regard看作；honor尊敬，給…以榮譽。接上一題的句意可知，美國人對于老年人和家庭支持方面不重視。故D項正確。 10.由后半

16、句可知“在以年輕人居多的美國，變老是一件壞事，許多老人得不到尊重?！边@是在描述事實，故用in fact。 11.考查連詞。由“菲律賓人是最美國化的亞洲人”及空后的 extremely family-oriented可知盡管菲律賓人被美國化了，但仍然是亞洲人，他們?nèi)匀灰约彝閷?dǎo)向。故用still。 12.考查動詞辨析。be dedicated to 致力于，奉獻(xiàn)；由and will sacrifice greatly可推知該句句意為：菲律賓父母會致力于幫助他們的孩子，并且為孩子們能接受教育做出巨大犧牲。 13.上文提到父母盡力幫助孩子，而空后的句意是孩子會盡力幫助住在附近的父母。因此這句表

17、明孩子會反過來幫助父母。故用in turn. 14.考查副詞。occasionally偶爾；intentionally故意地；typically代表性地，作為特色地；steadily穩(wěn)定地，穩(wěn)固地。句意：為了經(jīng)濟(jì)原因離開家鄉(xiāng)的成年孩子會___把他們的大部分首付寄給父母。這屬于菲律賓當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N特色。故用typically。 15.考查詞組辨析。insist on堅決，堅持；resist to 抵抗，反抗；persist in堅持，固執(zhí)于；consist of由…組成。由 people以及as well as the …可知這是家庭的組成部分。故用consist of。 16.考查形近詞辨析

18、。空格處與 the spirits of the dead相對，越南人的家庭包括活著的人以及逝去的靈魂和未出生的人。 17.考查名詞辨析。由or可推知該空意思與action意思接近，只有A項符合。句意：所有決定或行為都是從家庭的角度來考慮的。 18.考查固定搭配。be judged on以…來判斷。句意：人們的行為會根據(jù)其是否為家庭帶來榮譽或使其蒙羞來判斷。 19.該句將越南人與美國人在自立方面進(jìn)行對比，越南人不獨立，這點與美國人是相反的。。counterpart復(fù)本，配對物；competitor競爭者，對手；opposite反面；opponent對手。故C項正確 20.考查形近詞辨析

19、。station車站；state國家，州；stature身高，身材；status地位，狀態(tài)。句意：許多越南人認(rèn)為他們這輩子的行為將會影響下輩子的___。只有D項符合句意。 3. 單選題 The Department of Transportation and Communications（DOTC. will（ ）the purchase of 48 new Light Rail Vehicles（LRV）for the Metro Rail Transit（MRT）. 問題1選項 A.proceed with B.proceed from

20、 C.prevail over D.preside over 【答案】A 【解析】A選項proceed with表示“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；B選項proceed from表示“從……出發(fā)”；C選項prevail over 表示“勝過，占優(yōu)勢”；D選項preside over表示“主持，負(fù)責(zé)”。由原句句意可知，交通運輸部（DOTC.將為地鐵（MRT）（ ）_采購48輛新的輕軌車輛（LRV）。所以，只有A選項最符合原文句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。 4. 單選題 VisitBritain is giving the UK’s most loved attractions

21、a Mandarin makeover to（ ）more high-spending Chinese visitors. 問題1選項 A.lure B.achieve C.reclaim D.exclaim 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項lure表示“誘惑，引誘”，B選項achieve表示“取得，獲得，實現(xiàn)，成功”，C選項reclaim表示“開拓，回收利用，改造，抗議”，D選項exclaim表示“呼喊，驚叫，大聲說出”。由句意可知，VisitBritain（英國旅游局官網(wǎng)）正在給網(wǎng)站做普通話版本的改版，為的是（ ）更多出手闊

22、綽的中國游客。因此，只有A選項最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為A選項。 5. 單選題 Hillary Clinton on Tuesday stressed that the battle for（ ）equality and preventing violence against women needs to be a priority for both women and men. 問題1選項 A.scandal B.gender C.ego D.asset 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。scandal丑聞；gend

23、er性別；ego自我；asset資產(chǎn)。由“and preventing violence against women 防止對婦女的暴力行為”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等。故B項正確。句意：希拉里?克林頓于本周二強調(diào)，男女平等和防止針對女性的暴力行為的斗爭應(yīng)該是男女雙方的首要任務(wù)。 6. 單選題 You have to be careful with the disposal of the chemical. Toxic chemicals may（ ）the soil, threatening the environment. 問題1選項 A.permea

24、te B.intrude C.trespass D.seep 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞辨析。permeate滲透，彌漫；intrude侵入，闖入；trespass非法侵入；seep（液體）滲透，滲漏。前一句提到要小心處理化學(xué)藥品，后一句說明了原因，因為這些有毒化學(xué)品可能會滲透到土壤中…。有毒化學(xué)品有可能是液體也可能是固體，所以A項符合題意。句意：你必須小心處理這些化學(xué)藥品。有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能會滲透到土壤中，威脅環(huán)境。 7. 單選題 No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as

25、 a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where th

26、ere is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when

27、controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings. She who knows only her o

28、wn side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side, if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational posit

29、ion for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of adversaries from her own teach

30、ers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their

31、very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that di

32、fficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who t

33、hink differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 1. According to the author, it is always advisable to（ ）. 32. According to the author, in a great period suc

34、h as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）. 3. According to the author, which of the following statements is true? 4. According to the author, the person who -holds orthodox beliefs without examination maybe described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）. 5. It can be inferred from the pa

35、ssage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements? 問題1選項 A.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees B.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination C.have opinions which cannot be r

36、efuted D.suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches 問題2選項 A.acceptance of truth B.controversy over principles C.inordinate enthusiasm D.a dread of heterodox speculation 問題3選項 A.Most educated people study both sides of a question. B.The majorit

37、y of those who argue eloquently truly know only one side of an issue. C.In debatable issues, we should rely on the opinions of the experts for guidance. D.Heterodox speculation will lead to many unnecessary errors of thinking. 問題4選項 A.enslaved by tradition B.less than folly ration

38、al C.having a closed mind D.determined on controversy 問題5選項 A.A truly great thinker makes no mistakes. B.The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one’s own teachers. C.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection D.excessive contro

39、versy prevents clear thinking. 【答案】第1題:A 第2題:B 第3題:B 第4題:D 第5題:D 【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do

40、their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes t

41、hat difficulty. 這不是公正對待這些論點的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點的人的聲音，那些真誠地為這些論點辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認(rèn)識這些問題:她必須感受到對問題的真實看法所必須面對和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個人只知道自己的觀點而不關(guān)心對立觀點，不傾聽對立觀點的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點

42、。故A項正確。 2.判斷推理題。由第二段“There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery…Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we

43、 cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. 在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會有一個思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動?！蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動的頂峰，必然會討論原則問題。所以B項正確。

44、 3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of th

45、ose who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考

46、慮過這些人可能會說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義?！庇纱丝芍狝項與之相反，B項與之相符，故B項正確。CD兩項文中沒有提及。 4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項特征。A項：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項： 不怎么理智；C項：頭腦閉塞；D項：對辯論是堅決的。一般來說，持有未經(jīng)檢驗的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會獨立思考，更不會懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項都是這種人的特點。 5.判斷推理題。A項“ 一個真正的思想家不犯錯誤”；B項“對公認(rèn)觀點的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供?！盋項“智力成就的時期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時期”； D項“ 過度的辯論會制止清晰的思考。”由第

47、二段可知歷史上思想活動的頂峰時期如文藝復(fù)興時期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運動的頂峰。故C項“智力成就的時期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時期”正確。 8. 單選題 ?The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（ ）, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs. 問題1選項 A.circulation B.reproduction

48、 C.manipulation D.penetration 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。circulation發(fā)行量；reproduction繁殖，再生產(chǎn)； manipulation操縱，處理；penetration滲透，突破。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，美國報紙的新技術(shù)變革帶來了好影響，那么對于報紙本身來說，最好影響就是發(fā)行量的增加。故A項正確。句意：美國報業(yè)的新技術(shù)革命讓報紙發(fā)行量增加，帶來了更多出版物，并且增加了報紙的就業(yè)機會。 9. 單選題 With the completion of the irrigation network，the farmers

49、 in that area will no longer be（ ）the weather for good harvests. 問題1選項 A.in control of B.at the disposal of C.at the mercy of D.in charge of 【答案】C 【解析】考查詞組辨析。in control of控制，管理，掌握；at the disposal of在使用； at the mercy of受…支配；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，主管。灌溉建成后農(nóng)民的收成將不再受天氣支配。故C項正確。句意：隨著灌溉

50、網(wǎng)的完工,那個地區(qū)的農(nóng)民的好收成將不再受天氣支配。 10. 單選題 Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries（ ）as a unified science. 問題1選項 A.did ecology emerge B.when ecology emerged C.ecology emerged D.when did ecology emerge 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)not until放句首時，句子要部分倒裝。故A項正確。句意：直到19

51、世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，生態(tài)學(xué)才作為統(tǒng)一的科學(xué)出現(xiàn)。 11. 單選題 In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are

52、absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” hese were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shop

53、ping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez r

54、eports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,

55、000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants

56、 tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75

57、.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do（J.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American w

58、omen are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” A

59、re there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today’s social induces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 1. Which of the following is clo

60、sest in meaning to the word “homogenizing”（Line 2, Paragraph 1）? 2. The author agrees that the 19th-century department stores（ ）. 3. According to the passage, immigrants now in the U.S.（ ）. 4. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks are mentioned in Paragraph 5 to（ ）. 5. In the author’s opinion,

61、the absorption of immigrants into American society is（ ）. 問題1選項 A.Identifying B.Associating C.Assimilating D.Monopolizing 問題2選項 A.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption B.became intimate shops for common consumers C.played a role in the spread of popular

62、culture D.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite 問題3選項 A.exert a great influence on American culture B.are hardly a threat to the common culture C.constitute the majority of the population D.are resistant to homogenization 問題4選項 A.reveal the public’s fear of imm

63、igrants B.prove their popularity around the world C.give examples of successful immigrants D.show the powerful influence of American culture 問題5選項 A.rewarding B.successful C.fruitless D.harmful 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:C 第3題:B 第4題:D 第5題:B 【解析】1.詞義題。In spite of “endless tal

64、k of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.由in spite of以及difference可知，homogenizing是difference的反義詞。選項中只有C項assimilation同化為difference的反義詞，故C項正確。 2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that off

65、ered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite，’’ these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other force

66、s for homogenization.人們被19世紀(jì)的百貨商店所倡導(dǎo)的“消費文化”所吸引，這些商店“在優(yōu)雅的氛圍中提供琳瑯滿目的商品”。“這些商店”不是為知識精英服務(wù)的私人商店，而是任何人都可以進(jìn)入的商店，無論階層或背景如何。這就把購物變成了一種公開和民主的行為。大眾媒體、廣告和體育是同質(zhì)化的其他力量。據(jù)此可知19世紀(jì)的百貨商店對于流行文化的傳播起了作用。故C項正確。 3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.” 移民們很快就適應(yīng)了這種共同的文化，這種文化可能并不完全令人振奮，但也幾乎沒有害處。據(jù)此可知B項“移民對美國的共同的文化幾乎沒有威脅?！闭_。 4.作者意圖題。由第五段“Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars lik