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2012高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)同步攻關(guān) 語法部分 第6講 虛擬語氣學(xué)案

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2012高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)同步攻關(guān) 語法部分 第6講 虛擬語氣學(xué)案

第6講 虛擬語氣 用來表示說的話不是事實(shí),或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況,而是一種愿望、建議、假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。 (一)if主從句中的虛擬語氣 【完成例句】 (1)如果我是你,我會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. (2)如果我有空,我就去那兒。 If I had time, I would go there. 【結(jié)論1】 條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)(be多用were) 主句謂語用 would / should / could / might+動(dòng)詞原形 【完成例句】 (3)如果你早點(diǎn)來,你就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過那輛公共汽車了。 If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus. (4)如果他昨天見到了你,他就會(huì)還你的書的。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 【結(jié)論2】 條件與過去事實(shí)相反 從句謂語用had done 主句謂語用would / should / could / might+have done 【完成例句】 (5)萬一明天下雨,運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。(事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。) If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. (6)萬一杯子掉下來會(huì)打碎的。 If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break. 【結(jié)論3】 條件與將來 事實(shí)相反 從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)(be多用were)或should +動(dòng)詞原形 / were to do 主句謂語用would / should / could / might+動(dòng)詞原形 【疑難1】 含蓄虛擬句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等詞的句子) 【例句觀察】 Human beings would die without water. (=Human beings would die if there were no water. ) I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (=I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me. ) I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. (=If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. ) 【疑難剖析1】含有without / but for,otherwise / or等詞的句子謂語結(jié)構(gòu)等同于if主從句中主句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反 would / should / could / might+動(dòng)詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 would / should / could / might+have done 【疑難2】 含有had,should,were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語從句 Had they had time(=If they had had time), they would have certainly come to help us. Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing. Were I you(=If I were you), I would go. 【疑難剖析2】含有had,should,were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語從句,在正式或書面語言中可將if省略,把had,should,were 提前放到句首,變?yōu)椴糠值寡b。 【疑難3】 if混合虛擬條件從句(即主從句分別與不同的事實(shí)相反) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital. 【疑難剖析3】if假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致,叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。 (二)用虛擬語氣,從句中謂語時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)推后(即用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài))的五種句型 【完成例句】 (7)他多么希望自己是只鳥。 How he wishes that he were a bird. (8)我希望昨晚看了那部電影了。 I wish I had seen the film last night. (9)我們希望有一天能住在月球上。 We wish we would live on the moon one day. 【結(jié)論1】在動(dòng)詞wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中, 表示不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句必須使用虛擬語氣。 表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句用一般過去時(shí)(did或were) 表示愿望與過去事實(shí)相反 從句用過去完成時(shí)(had done) 表示愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小 從句常用could / might / would +do 【完成例句】 (10)我寧可你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。 I would rather you were not here with me now. (11)我寧可你沒做過那件事。 I would rather you hadn't done that. 【結(jié)論2】would rather / prefer + that-從句(從句用虛擬語氣) 表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句用一般過去時(shí) 表示愿望與過去事實(shí)相反 從句用過去完成時(shí) 【完成例句】 (12)她英語說得好像她就是紐約本地人一樣。 She speaks English as though she were a native of New York. 【結(jié)論3】as if / though + 從句中謂語用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)。 【完成例句】 (13)要是你沒告訴我那個(gè)消息就好了。 If only you hadn't told me the news. 【結(jié)論4】if only (要是……就好了),句中謂語用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)。 【完成例句】 (14)我本來可以幫你忙的,即使我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙。 Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you. (15)即使我現(xiàn)在能跑,我也不會(huì)那樣做。 Even if I might run, I wouldn't do that. 【結(jié)論5】even if / though 從句中的虛擬 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 用should+動(dòng)詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 用had done (三)從句中所用的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should +動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。 【例句觀察】 The doctor suggests I (should) exercise every day. 醫(yī)生建議我每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(賓語從句) It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day. 我被建議每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(主語從句) The doctor's suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. 醫(yī)生給我的建議是每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(表語從句) The doctor's suggestion that I (should) exercise every day sounds reasonable. 醫(yī)生要我每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)的建議聽起來挺合理的。(同位語從句) 【結(jié)論1】名詞性從句中,表示“建議,命令,要求”等意義時(shí),名詞性從句用(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持:insist 兩個(gè)命令:order, command (名詞是order, recommendation) 三個(gè)建議:advise, suggest,propose(名詞是advice, suggestion, proposal) 四個(gè)要求:demand, require, request, desire(名詞是demand, requirement, request, desire) 注意:1. suggest 意為“表明,暗示”時(shí),不用虛擬語氣; 如:His face suggested that he was very sad. 2. insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說”時(shí),不用虛擬語氣; 如:The man insisted my little brother was a thief. 【例句觀察】 我們應(yīng)該掌握電腦知識(shí),這是很重要的。 It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer science. 你居然沒參加會(huì)議,真是可惜。 It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting. 他竟然是名醫(yī)生,我們很驚訝。 We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor. 【結(jié)論2】虛擬語氣用在“It's+形容詞 / 名詞+that…”這類句型中,表示說話人“強(qiáng)烈”的感情色彩,此時(shí),從句用should +動(dòng)詞原形 / should + have done (表示動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生),should 可譯為“應(yīng)該;居然,竟然”。should 可以省略。 ①It is important / necessary / strange / surprising / funny / natural + that-從句 ②It is a pity / a shame / an honour / no wonder that-從句 ③主語 + be + sorry / disappointed / surprised + that-從句 【例句觀察】 以防錯(cuò)過第一班車,我們一大早就起床了。 ①We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus. ②We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus. 【結(jié)論3】在in case, for fear (that), lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。 (四)幾種特殊用法 1. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型 Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the People's Republic of China! 2. 某些固定的詞組和句型 ①was / were supposed to have done 理應(yīng)做…… ②was / were to have done 本計(jì)劃做…… ③had thought / believed…, but…本以為…… ④had planned / intended…,but…本計(jì)劃……,本打算…… ⑤had wished / hoped…,but…本希望…… ⑥It's (about / high)time that-從句,某人該做某事了 6 用心 愛心 專心

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