高中英語語法真題精講精練：動詞和動詞短語總結

 考點剖析-動詞和動詞短語 考點一：動詞詞義辨析 例1．Effective measures should be taken to ________ endangered animals to ensure that more species don’t become extinct. A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．reserve C．a(chǎn)ccumulate  D．preserve 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：應該采取有效措施保護瀕危動物，以確保更多的物種不會滅絕。A. advocate v. 擁護；B. reserve v. 保留；C. accumulate v. 積累，積聚；D. preserve v. 保護。結合句意可知，此處是指保護瀕危動物。故選D。 考點二：“動詞+副詞”短語辨析 例2．China is working hard to ________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities. A．take in B．set aside C．bring out  D．give away 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：中國正在努力充分發(fā)揮高等教育的潛力，加快建設世界一流大學。A. take in吸收；B. set aside擱置；C. bring out使顯現(xiàn)，使特點或品質更加突出；D. give away贈送。根據(jù)后文“the full potential of higher education”可知，此處指中國正在努力充分發(fā)揮高等教育的潛力，故選C。 考點三：“動詞+介詞+名詞”短語辨析 例3．The lake has been there for many years. No one knows exactly how and when it ________. A．came into power      B．came into being C．came into view  D．came into fashion 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這個湖在那里已經(jīng)很多年了。沒有人確切知道它是如何以及何時產(chǎn)生的。A. came into power掌權；B. came into being形成，存在；C. came into view進入視野；D. came into fashion流行起來。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指沒人確切知道湖是如何以及何時形成的。故選B。 考點四：“動詞+介詞”短語辨析 例4．—Peter can’t concentrate on his work recently. —Yes, that might________ why he made a big mistake in preparing for the meeting. A．a(chǎn)llow for B．a(chǎn)pply for  C．a(chǎn)ccount for  D．call for 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：——彼得最近不能專注于他的工作?！堑模@也許可以解釋為什么他在準備會議時犯了一個大錯誤。A. allow for考慮到；B. apply for申請；C. account for是……的說明；D. call for要求。分析句子結構可知，此空位于情態(tài)動詞之后，所以使用動詞原形，結合句意可知，此處表示“是……的解釋”應為account for符合句意。故選C項。 考點五：情態(tài)動詞用法辨析 例5．—Tony, is that Mr. Black over there? —I knew that he had gone to England. It          be him. A. might   B. could  C. can’t  D. must 【答案】C 【解析】本題考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。 might “可能”，表示不太肯定的推測；could “可以”，表示建議；can’t “不可能”，表示否定的推測；must“一定，肯定”，表示肯定的推測。由“I knew that he had gone to England.”可知，布萊克先生已經(jīng)去了英國，所以不可能是他。情態(tài)動詞的否定推測應用 can’t。句意：——托尼，那是布萊克先生嗎?——我知道他已經(jīng)去了英國。不可能是他。故答案選 C。 考點六：系動詞的用法 例6． —Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what           nice.  —Aha, me too!  A.tastes B. feels        C. looks  D. smells 【答案】C 【解析】考查系動詞用法。根據(jù)前一句提示“我的一些朋友喜歡靠視覺吃飯”可知，此處指他們喜歡點那些“看起來”好看的食物。 真題演練 1．If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A．highlight B．identify  C．ignore D．prevent【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)忽視環(huán)境問題，我們遲早會后悔的。A. highlight突出；強調；B. identify辨認；識別；C. ignore忽視；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知對于環(huán)境問題我們遲早會后悔，而這一切都是因為我們對環(huán)境問題的忽視。故選C項。2．Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined. A．spot B．dismiss  C．shelter D．distinguish 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有些父母太過保護孩子了。他們想保護自己的孩子免受各種傷害，不管是真實的還是想象的。A. spot發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. dismiss解散；C. shelter保護；D. distinguish區(qū)別。根據(jù)后文“their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined”指保護孩子免受傷害，應用shelter。故選C。 3．Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A．stayed B．turned  C．grown D．got 【答案】A 【解析】考查系動詞動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然有一些人來了又走了，但這家餐廳的老顧客已經(jīng)光顧這家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned變成（某種顏色）；C.grown變得；D.got變成。根據(jù)“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，這家餐廳的老顧客已經(jīng)光顧這家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顧客保持40年不變。故選A項。 4．I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A．made up for  B．run out of C．kept away from  D．got down to 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我想包餃子，但發(fā)現(xiàn)我的面粉用完了，所以我出去買了一些。A. made up for彌補；B. run out of用完，用盡；C. kept away from遠離，回避；D. got down to開始認真做。結合句意，此處指“用完”了面粉。故選B。 5．As the story________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A．begins B．happens  C．ends D．develops 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意："隨著故事的發(fā)展，這個神秘數(shù)字的真相漸漸地被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。begin“開始；happen“發(fā)生”；end“結束”；develop“發(fā)展”。由后面題干中的“is slowly discoverd”得出該單詞應該是一個延續(xù)性的動詞，而ABC選項均為非延續(xù)性動詞。故選D。 6．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A．come across B．care about  C．look for D．focus upon 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你想要買的這輛自行車有瑕疵，但是你仍想買這輛，就讓店員降價。come across 發(fā)現(xiàn)，碰到；care about 在乎，關心；look for 尋找；focus upon 集中注意力于。根據(jù)句意可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)了瑕疵，但仍舊想買這兩自行車，可以請店員降價。故正確答案為A項。 7．Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ  C．withdraw D．benefit 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅樂于從社交生活中抽身出來，在平靜的生活中尋求與自然的和諧關系。A. judge判斷；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根據(jù)后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平靜的生活中尋求與自然的和諧關系，所以他樂于從社交生活中抽身出來，withdraw from“離開”。故選C。 8．Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked. A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set aside 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在離開美國之前，她把大部分家具都送給了朋友，并樂意讓她們挑選自己喜歡的那件。A.picked up 撿起;B.gave away 贈送;C.put down 放下D.set aside置……于不顧。根據(jù)句意，離開美國之前，她把家具“贈送”給朋友。故選B。9．We can't _______buying a new car any longer. The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning． A．put off B．pick up  C．count on D．bear on【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們不能再推遲買新車了。我們現(xiàn)有的這輛今天早晨就打不著火。A.put off推遲；B. pick up撿起；C. count on指望；D. bear on對……施加壓力，使難以承受。根據(jù)下文The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning 可知，我們現(xiàn)有的這輛車今天早晨就打不著火，所以不能再“推遲”買新車了。故選A項。 10．The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. A．developed B．established C．observed D．revised 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞的辨析及語境理解。句意：老的規(guī)則需要被修改因為它們只適合一百年前制定時的狀況。A項表示“培養(yǎng)，發(fā)展”；B項表示“建立”；C項表示“觀察”；D項正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知它只適用于以前，不適用于現(xiàn)在，需要修訂，故選D。 11．As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A．catch sight of B．get hold of C．take charge of D．make mention of 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：作為一名草根歌手，她閱讀能夠找到的關于音樂的一切，并且抓住每一個提高自己的機會。A.catch sight of 看見；B. Get hold of找到某物以供使用；C.Take charge of控制；D.make mention of提到。根據(jù)takes every opportunity to improve herself.可知，，她閱讀能夠找到的關于音樂的一切，并且抓住每一個提高自己的機會。故選B。 12．---- Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class.---- OK, I’ll call back later. A．hang up B．break up  C．give up D．hold up 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：—對不起，我不得不掛斷電話了，上課的時間到了?！玫?，我晚些時候再打過來。A.hang up掛斷電話，使…等候；B.break up分解，關系破裂；C .give up放棄；D. hold up舉起，堅持，搶劫。根據(jù)句意可知前者表示要上課了，必須掛斷電話了。故A正確。 13． Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids. A．settle down B．keep off C．get up D．cut in 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來，結婚生子。A. settle down安頓下來；B. keep off遠離；C. get up起床；D. cut in插嘴。根據(jù)后文get married, and have kids可推知，是安頓下來，故選A。 14．Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away B．take over C．set off D．run out【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當米切爾退休的時候，布里格斯將接管總經(jīng)理的位置。when Mitchell retires 這是時間狀語從句，不能用將來時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替；A. get away離開；B. take over接管；C. set off出發(fā)；D. run out用完，耗盡。根據(jù)句意，故選B。 15．There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time. A．clarify B．justify  C．satisfy D．classify【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們要在短時間內對垃圾進行分類，仍然會有很多挑戰(zhàn)。A. clarify澄清；B. justify證明；C. satisfy 滿足；D. classify分類。根據(jù)空后garbage可知，此處指“對垃圾進行分類”。故選D。 16．I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to  B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on  D．made an apology to 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我不在的時候從不擔心我的兒子，因為我母親會照看他。A. drank a toast to為……干杯；B. played a joke on開……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注視；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因為母親會“照看”我的兒子，所以“我”不在的時候從來不擔心孩子。C選項符合語境，故選C。 17．We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A．take up B．carry out  C．keep on D．put off 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我們不能推遲為公司買一臺新打印機。我們現(xiàn)在的那個不運轉了。A. take up占據(jù)；B. carry out實施；C. keep on 繼續(xù)；D. put off推遲。根據(jù)“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我們平時用的打印機不運轉了。所以，我們必須馬上買一臺新打印機。即:我們不能“推遲”買打印機。故選D。 18．We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A．understood B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．compromised D．declined 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們提出Sharon回家，但她拒絕了，說她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥協(xié)；D. declined謝絕。根據(jù)“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“謝絕”了我們的提議。故選D。 19．The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs. A．look over B．bring in C．put aside D．knock out 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如果能夠證明新技術能降低生產(chǎn)成本，公司愿意引進。A. look over檢查，察看；B. bring in引進；C. put aside把……放在一邊，暫不考慮；D. knock out擊倒，打破。根據(jù)“if it can be shown to reduce production costs.”可知，此處指公司引進新技術，故選B。 20．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A．point to B．turn to  C．a(chǎn)ttend to D．belong to 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：當人們想要擴展他們的知識時，他們通常求助于提供有用信息的書籍。A. point to指向；B. turn to求助于；C. attend to照顧；D. belong to屬于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知，turn to“求助于”符合句意。故選B項。 21．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out.A．study B．display  C．deliver D．publish【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當你在一個陌生的城市開車時很容易迷路，所以在出發(fā)前仔細看一張好地圖是很重要的。A. study 細看；B. display展示；C. deliver 投遞；D. publish出版。由“It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city，before you set out”可知，study“細看”符合句意。故選A項。22．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.A．resembling B．reflecting  C．reviewing D．restoring 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：城市是人類的雙手和思想的產(chǎn)物，反映了人的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。A. resembling像；B. reflecting反映；C. reviewing回顧；D. restoring恢復。故選B符合語境。 23．More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy. A．take up B．clear up  C．hold up D．spring up 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：為了滿足對清潔能源的需求，更多的風力發(fā)電站將會被建立起來。A. take up開始從事，占領，開始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾，解決（問題）；C. hold up（論點、理論等）站得住腳，阻擋，舉起；D. spring up出現(xiàn)，涌現(xiàn)。故選D。24．Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying.A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：凱特聽到背景中有一個男人的聲音，但她聽不清他在說什么。A. set aside存儲，留出；B. take back收回，拿回；C. make out辨認出，理解，了解；D. keep off（使）避開。根據(jù)but可推知，凱特應該是聽不清。故選C。25．Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.A．held out  B．brought out C．picked out  D．given out 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：與非洲的醫(yī)療團隊合作，使她成為最佳醫(yī)生。A. held out堅持，伸出；B. brought out使顯示；C. picked out挑出；D. given out分發(fā)，用盡。故選B項。26． Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable. A．calls for B．calls on C．calls off D．calls up 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：發(fā)展長江經(jīng)濟帶是一項需要清晰的路線圖和時間表的系統(tǒng)工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on號召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故選A。 27． Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see. A．indicate B．investigate C．imitate D．innovate 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：孩子不應該接觸暴力電影，因為他們也許會模仿他們所見的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate調查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故選C。 28． It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A．display B．a(chǎn)cquire C．teach D．test 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：他花了很長時間才獲得了成為一名優(yōu)秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display顯示；B. acquire獲得；C. teach教；D. test測試。故選B。29． At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _______ as she was so confidence about her skills. A．gave in B．dressed up C．broke in D．turned up 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了，因為她對她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，讓步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闖入；打斷；D. turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉折詞but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最終他讓步了。故選A。 30．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her .A．carry on B．break into C．turn down D．cut off 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我討厭她在上班的時候給我打電話。我總是太忙了不能和她進行談話。A.carry on進行；B.break into破門而入；C.turn down拒絕，聲音調低；D.cut off切斷。根據(jù)前文說我太忙了，所以可知是不能進行通話，too...to...，意為“太……而不能……”，故選A。