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1、2022年高考英語大一輪復習 定語從句 北師大版
一、關系代詞的用法
1.that和which的用法
(1)限制性定語從句中,必須用關系代詞that的情況:
①當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one時。
You should hand in all that you have.
②當先行詞前面被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時。
This is the only thing that has been tried
2、.
③當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
④當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時。
This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
⑤當先行詞既有人又有物時。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
⑥當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。
Which is the bike that you lost?
3、⑦有兩個定語從句時,其中一個關系代詞已用which,另外一個宜用that。
They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.
⑧當先行詞在主句中作表語,而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
(2)定語從句中必須用which的情況:
①在非限制性定語從句中,只用which,不用that。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest
4、son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.
②當動詞短語中的介詞提前時,只用which,不用that。
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
2.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時,關系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介詞+which/whom。
They may start as a group of high-school students,for whom practising their m
5、usic in someone’s house is the first step to fame.
He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall apple tree.
3.as和which的區(qū)別
(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時還可插入主句中,而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內容,而不是主句中的某一個詞。
The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we
6、could expect.
(2)當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時,只能用as。
As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(3)當定語從句放在主句后面時,也并不是as就永遠等于which。
①當定語從句是否定句或表示否定時,只能用which。
He came here very late,which was unexpected(not expected).
②當非限制性定語從句的謂語后跟一個復合結構時,只能用which引導定語從句。
Betty always tell
7、s a lie,which her parents feel strange.
二、關系副詞的用法
1.當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時,要用關系副詞。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)
Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)
2.介詞+關系代詞(which)=where/when。有時為表達清楚,還可以在關系副詞where/when前加介詞from,to等。
China is the birthplac
8、e of kites,from where kites spread to Japan and Korea.
3.高考對關系副詞where的考查。
高考試題中對于where的考查趨于復雜,從先行詞為明顯的“地點”轉為“地點的模糊化”。事實上,對于where這個詞,考生不能只理解為表地點。當先行詞表示某人/物的situation,或某事所發(fā)展的stage,或表達某事的某個方面時都可用where這個關系副詞。
The accident has reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.
1.Steph
9、en Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet________life has developed gradually.(xx·福建,24)
A.that B.where
C.which D.whose
2.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.(xx·江西,31)
A.where B.who C.w
10、hich D.what
3.That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.(xx·山東,24)
A.that B.which C.whose D.what
4.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s________I go.It’s only 15.(xx·天津,8)
A.as B.which C.where D.that
5.The old temple____
11、____roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.(xx·陜西,11)
A.where B.which C.its D.whose
一、選擇合適的關系詞填空
1.—The authors of puter viruses are geniuses.
—I agree.They should apply their wisdom to other net technology from ________(which/that) human beings can benefit.
2.During World War Ⅱ,h
12、e took many photos,________________(of which/by which) some captured the emotions of both the soldiers and the civilians in the war-torn Europe.
3.We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people,most of ________(which/whom) are healthy.
4.That is the small house less than 20 square meters,unde
13、r ________(which/whose)roof lives a large family of three generations.
5.Tom took the police to the spot ________(which/where) the accident happened.
6.The lazy boy is expecting a way ________(that/which) he can get through the exams without hard work.
7.Since 1995,________(when/which) people cal
14、l the Year of the Internet,the world has turned flat thanks to the network.
8.This is the same watch ________(that/which) I lost.
二、單項填空
1.It is morning ________ we have four classes,not afternoon.
A.when B.which C.that D.why
2.Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrive
15、d,many of ________ even cried with joy.
A.those B.them C.whom D.who
3.The appearance of a super skyscraper in the desert is far beyond our imagination,________ throws great doubt on the height of the tall building.
A.that B.one C.which D.it
4.He saw her ing,and advised me to hide behind th
16、e door,________ advice I took at once.
A.whose B.what C.that D.which
5.With the reform of educational system,the teachers ________ school I worked before have greatly changed their way of teaching.
A.in whose B.whose
C.in which D.which
6.She’s in a hopeless situation,________ we will keep
17、 a very close eye on.
A.where B.when C.which D.that
7.Ms.Claire is a strict but kind teacher,________ I respect and appreciate most.
A.that B.what C.one D.which
8.The good situation came at last ________ we had been expecting in the past two years.
A.where B.that
C.when D.in which
9.
18、On the top of the mountain stands an old temple,inside ________ is an old tower.
A.what B.that
C.which D.where
10.The National Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents ________ students got injured or even killed.
A.that B.in which C.by
19、 which D.when
答案
感悟高考
1.B [句意為:斯蒂芬·霍金認為:地球不大可能是有生命進化現(xiàn)象的唯一星球。限制性定語從句中缺少地點狀語,where在此處引導定語從句并作地點狀語,修飾先行詞planet。A、C和D三個選項都不能在從句中作狀語。]
2.A [句意為:這個女孩安排在培訓中心和她的妹妹上鋼琴課,在那兒她要待上一個小時。where在句中引導定語從句,修飾先行詞the training centre。]
3.C [句意為:那是臺新機器,它的零件小得都看不見。whose引導定語從句,在從句中作parts的定語。]
4.C [答句前句句意為:——你應該去我去的那
20、家理發(fā)店嘗試一下。where引導定語從句,在定語從句中作狀語,并替代先行詞the barber’s(理發(fā)店)。其余選項不能在定語從句中作地點狀語。]
5.D [句意為:那座房頂在一場暴風雨中被毀壞的古老的寺廟現(xiàn)在正在維修。whose引導定語從句,并在定語從句中作定語,修飾roof。]
領悟語法
一、1.which 2.of which 3.whom 4.whose 5.where 6.that 7.which 8.that
二、1.A [when引導定語從句修飾先行詞morning并在從句中作時間狀語。]
2.C [whom引導定語從句指代先行詞thousands of Haitia
21、ns。]
3.C [which引導非限制性定語從句,指代前一句的內容且在從句中作主語。]
4.A [whose引導定語從句指代先行詞he且在從句中作advice的定語。]
5.A [whose指代先行詞the teachers,in whose school在定語從句中作地點狀語。]
6.C [which指代前一句的內容,引導非限制性定語從句且在從句中作on的賓語。]
7.C [one作a strict but kind teacher的同位語,I respect and appreciate most作one的定語,其前省略了關系詞。]
8.B [that指代先行詞the good situation,引導定語從句且在從句中作expect的賓語。]
9.C [which指代先行詞an old temple且引導定語從句。]
10.B [in which引導定語從句修飾先行詞accidents且在從句中作地點狀語。]