2020高中英語高考二輪復習學案——專題一 名詞和冠詞

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1、2020高考二輪復習英語學案 專題一 名詞和冠詞 【典例精析】 1. （2020福建）What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion 【解析】A sense意為“感覺” 在這樣一個公共場所，不可以吃喝甚至不可以走動有什么感覺。 2.（2020天津卷）Most air

2、 pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 【解析】A fuel燃料，題干中coal, gas, oil均為燃料，由此選出A 3. （2020山東）I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______. A. exchange B. bargai

3、n C. trade D. business 【解析】Ｂ bargain廉價貨符合句意，exchange交換；trade貿(mào)易，買賣；business事業(yè)，業(yè)務(wù)均不合句意 4. （2020江西卷）—Shall we go out for a walk? —Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance 【解析】Ａ 句意為：此刻邀請我不合適，moment此時，

4、此刻符合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance機會均不合題意 5. （2020湖北卷）The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution 【解析】B 年輕人對父母做出許諾。B許諾，答應(yīng)符合句意；A意思為預測，C為計劃，D意為貢獻均不合句意 6. （2020湖北卷）The top leaders of the tw

5、o countries are holding talks in a friendly______ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 【解析】A atmosphere氛圍。氣氛符合句意；B為狀態(tài)；C為形式；D意為現(xiàn)象 7. （2020安徽卷）To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________” .

6、 A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices 【解析】D句意：為了拯救那些被遺忘的人類語言，我校同學開展了題為“拯救我們的聲音”的大討論；此處聲音妥當 8.（2020遼寧卷）My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy. A. a; 不填??????????????????? B. the; the C. 不填; the???????????????? D. a; the

7、 【解析】D go for a walk 去散步，走走，固定搭配；the energy 那個力量，專指去散步的力量，具體所指，所以用定冠詞the. 9.（2020全國Ⅱ）It’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break. A. a; a????????? B. the; a C. the; the???????????????????? D. a; the 【解析】A開車好幾個小時沒有一個一次休息不是一個好主意，所以從意義上都是單數(shù)，而且是可數(shù)名詞，所以都用不定冠詞a.

8、10.（2020山東卷)Students should be encouraged to use _____ Internet as _________ resource. A. 不填; a???????????????????? B. 不填; the C. the; the???????????????????? D. the; a 【解析】D因特網(wǎng)專有名詞用定冠詞；作為一種資源，種類泛指用不定冠詞a. 11.（2020湖南卷，22）Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up agai

9、n! A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填 【解析】C 聽說那個消息，特指后面的石油價格上漲，所以用定冠詞；石油不可數(shù)名詞，所以不用任何冠詞 12.（2020江蘇卷，21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 【解析】B by +交通工具中間不

10、用任何冠詞；與水路對應(yīng)，專指陸路，所以用定冠詞the. 13.（2020江西卷，30）--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. --- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 【解析】A 一種。。。樣的交通狀況用a;這么一場

11、大雨，泛指，用a. 14.（2020陜西卷，10）I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a 【解析】C 我吃了一個三明治，一般所指；特指哪一列火車，用定冠詞the. 15.（四川卷，08）In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______

12、country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】A一群人流，a flow of 固定搭配；特指能找到工作的那個地方，所以用定冠詞。 16.（2020浙江卷，2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. T

13、he; 不填 【解析】A一個蘋果，可數(shù)名詞；hit sb on the head 固定用法。擊中某人某個部位用定冠詞。 17.（2020重慶卷） In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】C 自行車，專指大家知道的交通工具，用定冠詞表類別；一種。。。方式，固定用法。 【學法導航】按照名詞和冠詞的考查規(guī)律

14、，同學們在復習備考中要注意： 1. 語義學習是語言學習過程中的基礎(chǔ)，沒有一定的詞匯量，聽說讀寫等其它能力無從談起。所以，在備考中，一定要重視詞匯語義的學習和復習 2. 詞匯意義的領(lǐng)悟和掌握既要機械記憶，又要在閱讀、運用中領(lǐng)悟，鞏固。要將詞匯織成一個網(wǎng)，全面掌握一些重要的詞匯及相關(guān)詞匯 3. 同義詞近義詞的學習必須進行專項復習。收集大量的語言實例，反復記憶，用心領(lǐng)悟。 4. 考查零冠詞用法。 5. 和某些抽象名詞連用，使其具體化以及不可數(shù)名詞在特指情況下將成為考查重點。 6. 冠詞在一些固定短語，特殊句式的運用將仍舊會出現(xiàn)在某些省市的高考試卷中。 7. 比較級中的冠詞也是考查的重點

15、。 8. 冠詞的基本用法,定冠詞在adj.前表示一類尤其是考查的重點。 9. 語境、語義下的冠詞靈活運用。 10. 根據(jù)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)將冠詞的基本用法記牢，這是你做好試題的前提。 11. 熟悉一些名詞的用法，和冠詞結(jié)合。有很多不可數(shù)名詞，有時候被具體化的情況，也是考查的重點 12. 多做練習，能夠提高熟悉語境的能力，很多考題是要和語境相聯(lián)系起來考查的，這方面一定要重視 【專題綜合】 1.I heard you have______ vacant position for a secretary. I’ve come to apply for _____job. A．the; a

16、 B．a(chǎn); the C．不填; a D．a(chǎn); 不填 2.---John, there is_____ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. ---- I’m in____ bath. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; 不填 3. People think that ______ opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games is _____ great success. A. an; a

17、 B. the ; a C. the ;the D. the ; X 4. --- Do you often listen to _____ radio? ----No, in fact I haven’t got____ radio. A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. the; the 5.--- Waiter, could we have_____ bill, please? ----Darling, don’t forget to l

18、eave____ tip. A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. the; a 6. The research showed beyond ________ that smoking contributes to heart diseases. A. wonder B. doubt C. problem D. use 7 Would you take my old TV in _______ for this camera? A. place

19、 B. return C. exchange D. business 8 Faced with the hard financial ____________, all the countries in the world should learn to cooperate to get it over. A. situation B. position C. phenomenon D. state 9. It is a spectacular __________ as the fireworks are

20、 set off and light up the who sky during the Spring Festival. A. look B. view C. scenery D. sight 10. Quite a few employees’ payments are cut down and barely cover their household ________ due to the serious economic crisis. A. bills B. expenses

21、 C. prices D. charges 11. Suddenly we felt the _________atmosphere grow tense as neither of the sides would give in. A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 12. The Chinese are looking forward to the first _______to land on the moon after three Chinese astronauts’

22、successful trip to space. A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 13. —Who did you stay with yesterday? I couldn’t find you anywhere. — ___________. A. Mr. Green’s B.The Greens C. Greens D. The Mr. Green’s 14. I shouldn’t have accepted the man’s pre

23、sent, but I found it difficult to turn down his ______. A. offer B. request C. suggestion D. plan 15. He kept sending her presents in an attempt to win her _______. A. respect B. favor C. admiration D. pleasure 參考答案1-5 BADCD 6【解析】B beyond do

24、ubt為固定短語，意為：無疑，確實。本句句意為：這項研究確實表明吸煙會導致心臟疾病。 7.【解析】C in return for…作為回報；in exchange for…交換。你愿意用我的舊電視機換這架照相機嗎？ 8【解析】A面對嚴重的經(jīng)濟形勢，世界各國應(yīng)努力合作共同克服。situation形式，處境。 9【解析】D look看；面貌；view指從某處看到的景色；scenery指自然景色；sight指所看到的事物，景象。在春節(jié)期間，當煙火被點燃照亮整個夜空的時候真是一幅壯觀的景象。 10.【解析】B expense 意為“（時間、精力、金錢等的）消耗,花銷,費用”。很多雇員收入下降不

25、夠維持生活的費用”。故選B項。bill 意為“賬單，清單”。price 意為“價格,價錢，市價，代價，價值”。charge 意為“費用，捐稅，代價，記賬”，作“費用”解時指賣方開出的價錢。 11【解析】A atmosphere氛圍，D意為現(xiàn)象。我們突然感覺到氣氛變得緊張了。 12【解析】B measure 措施； attempt試圖，嘗試；purpose目的； desire渴望，欲望。在中國三名宇航員成功遨游太空后，中國正盼望著登月的第一次嘗試. 13【解析】B此題考查考生對復數(shù)姓氏名詞的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人，應(yīng)用the +姓氏的復數(shù)形式。 14【解析】A offer: sta

26、tement offering to do, or give sth to sb.（為某人做某事或給某人某事物的）建議，提議request: act of asking for sth. 要求；suggestion提議或建議的內(nèi)容；plan計劃。本句句意為：我本不該接受那個人的禮物，但很難拒絕他的提議。故選A。 15.【解析】B 他不停送給她禮物，試圖獲得她的好感。favor: liking , goodwill , approval 喜愛，寵愛，好感，歡心。 【專題突破】 冠詞做題技巧點撥：注意固定短語中的冠詞；名詞的具體化；抽象名詞表示特指；在做題中要注意前后兩個空的彼此照應(yīng)；可以依

27、據(jù)意思和語境把握冠詞。 名詞做題技巧點撥：注意同義詞、近義詞意思的把握，要依據(jù)語意、詞義進行辨析。 1. Recently CCTV Station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important_____0f 2020. A. affairs B. events C. matters D. things 2. There’s no ______from my bedroom window except for some factory chimney

28、s. A. view B. scene C. sight D. look 3. She is in a poor ______of health, which worries her mother much. A. position B. situation C. state D. condition 4. The experiment turned out to be ________, which wasn’t ______ they wanted. A. a completely fa

29、iling; as B. a complete failure; what C. completely failure; that D. failed; 不填 5. In the botanic garden we can find a（n）______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety 6. He was chosen _________ o

30、f the company. A. manager B. a manager C. the manager D. as a manager 7. I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. A. the; a? B. the: the C. 不填; the? D. the; 不填 8.—How about __________ Christmas evening party? —I should say

31、it was __________ success. A. a; a?? B. The; a C. a; 不填? D. the; 不填 9. Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals. A. a; a? B. a; the C. 不填; a? D. the; 不填 10. We have every reason to

32、believe that __________ 2020 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success. A. 不填; a? B. the; 不填 C. the; a? D. a; a 11. Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room in their day for exercise. A. a; 不填? B.

33、 the; a C. the; the? D. 不填; a 12.—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the? B. the; a C. 不填; the? D. the; 不填 13. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so brin

34、g __________ packed lunch. A. A; a? B. The; 不填 C. The; a? D. A; 不填 14. In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland. A. a; the? B. the; a C. the; the? D. a; a 15. How about taking __________ short break? I want

35、 to make __________ call. A. the; a? B. a; the C. the; the?? D. a; a 16. I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. A. an, the? B. 不填, the C. an, 不填? D. the, a 17. I like __________ color of your ski

36、rt. It is __________ good match for your blouse. A. a; the? B. a; a C. the; a?? D. the; the 18.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church. A. 不填; the? B. the; 不

37、填 C. a; 不填? D. 不填; a 19.— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________. — You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer. A. the; 不填? B. the; a C. a; 不填? D. a; a 20. In __________ review off 44 studies, American researchers found that men

38、and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______ A. a; the? B. the; a C. a; 不填 ?D. 不填; a 21. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.

39、 A. the; a? B. 不填; a C. 不填; the? D. the; the 22. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living. A. a; a? B. the; a C. the; the? D. a; the 23. According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are nee

40、ded in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS. A. the; 不填? B. the; the C. a; a? D. 不填; the 24. Everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use __________ wood as fuel or as building material. A. the; the? B. the; 不

41、填　 C. 不填; the? D. 不填; 不填 25. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday? A. 不填;不填 ? B. the; the C. the; 不填? D. 不填; the 參考答案 1-5 BACBD 6-10 ABBCC 11-15 ABCBD 16-20. DCCBC 21-25 DBBCD