天津市中考英語一輪復習 主謂一致輔導課件.ppt

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1、,Revision,,概念:,主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。,主謂一致三原則,語法一致原則：,指主語和謂語在單復數(shù)形式上的一致關系。主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式.,Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.,,意義一致原則：,指謂語動詞的單,復數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標記. 指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,,My family are havi

2、ng lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.,就近一致原則：,指當主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致.,Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.,There is a pen and some books on the desk.,提 示： 一般說來,究竟何時采用何種原則,應視英語習慣用法而定.但在實際使用中,如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時,遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法.,,,名

3、詞作主語,1. 單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。,The desk is Toms.,Some water is in the bottle.,The students are playing football on the playground.,,2. 某些集體名詞，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。,His family is a happy one.,The whole family are wa

4、tching TV.,3. 某些集體名詞，如people, police, clothes等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必 須用復數(shù)。,The police are searching for the thief.,4. 單、復數(shù)同形的名詞如 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese 主語時，謂 語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數(shù)。,A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.,5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。,The doctors is

5、 across the street. My uncles is not far from here.,常見的省略名詞有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理發(fā)店）, the Zhangs（張家）等。,注: the 姓氏名詞的復數(shù)形式則表示一家人。,The Greens are having breakfast now.,6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。,The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table.,但如果主語用“a

6、kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。,A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk.,7當表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，及組織機構等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,The United States lies in North America.,8news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復數(shù)，實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù).,No news is good news. M

7、aths is very popular in our class,連接詞連接的名詞作主語,1 用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。,Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises.,注：A：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或 同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結構形式： a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個人或物； a.+n.+and +a.+n.，指兩個人或物。,The writer and teacher is coming. The

8、writer and the teacher are coming.,B：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, 等修飾時，結構是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。,Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work.,2當主語后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including,等引導的詞組

9、時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)由前面的主語而定。,(1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt (3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man. (5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes

10、 soprts. (6) Mr. Li besides his sons likes sports.,,,3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據就近一致的原則。,Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there.,4. There be 結構，依據就近一致原則。,There is a book , two pens on the desk. There are two pens , a b

11、ook in the desk.,,代詞作主語,1名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。,Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown.,2關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。,Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man co

12、mes from the sun.,3疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,Who is your brother? Who are League members?,,(1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of th

13、em has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. (7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in.,4不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either,

14、neither, each, the other, another作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,分數(shù)和量詞作主語,1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致.,(1) Lots of damage was caused by fire. Lots of students are waiting outside. (2) All of the food is ready. All of the w

15、orkers are working. (3) Part of the work has been done by us . Part of the students have gone.,2表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,One and a half bananas is left on the table.,3表示時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。,(1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twe

16、nty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.,4分數(shù)(百分數(shù))+of +名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。,Ten percent of the apples were bad .,注意: population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數(shù)。,The population of C

17、hina is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants,5a number of后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動詞用復數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其謂語用單數(shù)。,The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young.,,,名詞化的形容詞作主語,如果主語由“the+形容詞”結構擔任表示一類人或物時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有： the poor, the rich, the blind

18、, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb.,The rich often help the poor.,,,從句，動詞不定式，動名詞作主語,1由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。,What we need is more time. What we need are doctors.,2動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。,To see is to believeDoing eye exercises is good for your eye

19、s.,2在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)一致。,注意：在“one of +復數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復數(shù)形式。,(1) This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. (2) He was the only one of the students who was lat

20、e for school.,PRACTICE,1：Each of the students ______ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2： How time flies! Ten years ______ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother ____to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone

21、 C. has been D. has gone 4：Look! There ______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers,D,B,D,A,5：The Smiths ____ sending e-mails ____letters. because it is faster. A. prefer, to writing B. pre

22、fer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim ____there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were 7：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was 8. The Olympic Games ______ held every______ years. A. is，four

23、 B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five,A,A,B,B,9. Look, here come some _______. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow 10. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that ___ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made 11. Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B.

24、was C. are D. were 12. About 60 percent of the students ____ from the south; the rest of them ___ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are 13. They said the eighteenth and last lesson ___ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were,C,C,B,D,B,14. -

25、-When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? I havent decided. ___ this Sunday ___ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 15. ____ Helen _____ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also

26、C. Both; and D. A and B 16. The paper for books and new papers ___ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have 17. _______ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each,B,D,B,D,18. Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting. Both of us ______good painters. A. ar

27、e...are B. am...are C. is...is D. are...is 19. One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees ____ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has 20. The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly increased last term. A number o

28、f teachers in this school _____ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is,B,C,B,,21. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 22. What hed like _____ a digital watch. What hed like _____ textbooks. A. are; are B. is; is C.

29、 is; are D. are; is 23. He is one of the boys who _____ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _____ here on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come 24. Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess. _____ you or he fond o

30、f music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is,A,C,B,B,25. A knife and a fork _____ on the table. A knife and fork _____ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 26. Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _____ dancing and sing

31、ing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were 27. The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 28. How and why Jack came to China _____ not known. When and where to build the new library

32、_____ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have,C,B,C,A,,29. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _____ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was 30. Two hundred and fifty pounds ____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. we

33、re D. be 31. What ____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is,D,A,A,32. What ___ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 33. Most of the houses _______ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built 34. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _____ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was,A,D,D,,Terrific!!! Congratulations!,The End,