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中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯
系 別： 工程技術(shù)系
專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
姓 名： 邱陵
學(xué) 號： 05211601
2015年 4 月 1 日
3D打印機(jī)
3D打印技術(shù)（英語：3Dprinting），即快速成形技術(shù)的一種，它是一種數(shù)字模型文件為基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)用粉末狀金屬或塑料等可粘合材料，通過逐層打印的方式來構(gòu)造物體的技術(shù)。過去其常在模具制造、工業(yè)設(shè)計等領(lǐng)域被用于制造模型，現(xiàn)正逐漸用于一些產(chǎn)品的直接制造。特別是一些高價值應(yīng)用（比如髖關(guān)節(jié)或牙齒，或一些飛機(jī)零部件）已經(jīng)有使用這種技術(shù)打印而成的零部件?！?D打印技術(shù)”意味著這項技術(shù)的普及。
3D打印技術(shù)出現(xiàn)在上世紀(jì)90年代中期，實際上是利用光固化和紙層疊等技術(shù)的快速成型裝置。它與普通打印機(jī)工作原理基本相同，打印機(jī)內(nèi)裝有液體或粉末等“印材料”，與電腦連接后，通過電腦控制把“打印材料”一層層疊加起來，最終把計算機(jī)上的藍(lán)圖變成實物。這一技術(shù)如今在多個領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用，人們用它來制造服裝、建筑模型、汽車、巧克力甜品等。 3D打印技術(shù)最突出的優(yōu)點是無需機(jī)械加工或任何模具，就能直接從計算機(jī)圖形數(shù)據(jù)中生成任何形狀的零件，從而極大地縮短產(chǎn)品的研制周期，提高生產(chǎn)率和降低生產(chǎn)成本。
近年來,3D打印技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,在各領(lǐng)域都取得了長足發(fā)展，已成為現(xiàn)代模型、模具和零部件制造的有效手段,在航空航天、汽車摩托車、家電、生物醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域得到了一定應(yīng)用，在工程和教學(xué)研究等領(lǐng)域也占有獨特地位。具體應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域包括：
1、機(jī)械制造：3D打印技術(shù)制造飛機(jī)零件、自行車、步槍、賽車零件等。
2、醫(yī)療行業(yè)：在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，借助3D打印制作假牙，股骨頭、膝蓋等骨關(guān)節(jié)技術(shù)應(yīng)用也非常廣，技術(shù)越來越成熟。
3、建筑行業(yè)：工程師和設(shè)計師們已經(jīng)接受了用3D打印機(jī)打印的建筑模型，這種方法快速、成本低、環(huán)保，同時制作精美，完全合乎設(shè)計者的要求，同時又能節(jié)省大量材料。
4、汽車制造行業(yè)：用3D打印技術(shù)為汽車公司制造 自動變速箱的殼體。汽車公司會對變速箱進(jìn)行各種極端狀況下的測試，其中一些零件就是用3D打印方法做的。定型了以后，再開模具，然后按照傳統(tǒng)制造方法批量生產(chǎn)，這樣成本就會大大降低。
5、教育：可應(yīng)用于模型驗證科學(xué)假設(shè)，用于不同學(xué)科實驗、教學(xué)。在北美的一些中學(xué)、普通高校和軍事院校，3D打印機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于教學(xué)和科研。
6、消費(fèi)品：可應(yīng)用于珠寶、服飾、鞋類、玩具、創(chuàng)意DIY作品的設(shè)計和制造。
3D Printer
3D printing technology(English:?3Dprinting),?a?rapid prototyping technology,?itis a kind of digital?model files as the basis,?the use of powdered metal or plastic?material can be bonded,?to construct the object?layer by layer by way of printing?technology.?The past?is often in the mold manufacturing,?industrial design?and other fields?are used to manufacture the?model,?is?gradually?used for direct?manufacturing?of some products.?Especially for some high?valueapplications?(such as hip or?teeth,?or?some?parts of the plane)?has been?using this?technology to print?the?parts.?"3D printing technology"?means that thepopularization of?this technology.
3D printing,technology in?the mid 90's in last century,?is in fact a?quick forming device?using light?curing?and paper?laminating?technology.?It works?with the ordinary?printer?is basically the same principle,?the printer?is equipped withliquid or powder?"printing",?and?connect to the computer,?the?computer?controlto?"print"?a superimposed layers,?finally put?the?blueprint into?the physicalcomputer.?This technology?has been applied?in?many fields?now,?people use it to?make clothing,?building model,?car,?chocolate?desserts.?The most prominent advantage of 3D?printing technology?is?free of?any moldingor mechanical processing,?can be?directly generated?from the computer graphicsdata?in?any shape?parts,?thus greatly?shorten the product?development cycle,improve productivity and?reduce the production cost.
In recent years,?the rapid development of 3D printing technology,?the rapid development?has been made in?various fields,?has become an effectivemeans of modern?models,?mold?and parts manufacturing,?widely used?in aerospace,?automobile and motorcycle,?household appliances,?biomedical and other fields,?but also?holds the unique status in the?field of Engineeringand teaching research.?Specific?applications?include
1:?mechanical?manufacturing,?3D printing technology to produce aircraft parts,?bicycle,?car?parts,?such as?a rifle.
2,?the medical industry:?in the medical field,?with the help of 3D?print?dentures,femoral head,?knee?and other?joint?technology application?is very wide,technology is more and more?mature.
3,?the construction industry:?engineers and designers?have been?accepted?bybuilding?3D model?printer,?this?method is rapid,?low cost,?environmental protection,?at the same time,?produced exquisite,?fully in line with?the requirements of designers,?but also?can?save a lot of material.
4,?the automobile manufacturing industry:?the?3D printing technology to produce?automatic transmission?car company.?The car?company will be?all kinds of extreme?conditions?to test the?gearbox,?some parts?is to use 3Dprinting method?to do.?After?setting,?open?mold,?then?according to the traditional?manufacturing?methods of mass production,?so the cost?will be greatly reduced.
5,?education:?can be used in the?model to verify?scientific hypotheses,?fordifferent disciplines,?teaching?experiment.?Some high schools?in North America,?the?colleges and universities and?military academies,?3D printers have?been?used for teaching and scientific research.
6,?consumer goods: can be used in?jewelry,?clothing,?footwear,?toys,?creativeworks?in the design and manufacture of?DIY.