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專用鉆床模具是針對特定零件孔加工時使用的夾具。此類鉆床夾具能較易保證孔之間的位置精度，提高生產(chǎn)效率。應(yīng)用此鉆模能極大地提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、降低操作工人的勞動強度,減小鉆頭的損耗,.更能延長刀具的使用壽命。
在夾具設(shè)計工作中，一般具有下列特點：1、夾具的設(shè)計周期較短，一般不進行強度和剛度計算；2、專用夾具的設(shè)計，對產(chǎn)品零件有較強的針對性；3、確保產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率是夾具設(shè)計工作的首要任務(wù)；4、夾緊裝置的設(shè)計對整個夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)具有決定性的影響。夾具設(shè)計的原則是經(jīng)濟和實用，夾具設(shè)計的基本要求有以下三方面：好用；好造；好修。好用是最重要的。主要技術(shù)指標有以下幾點：1、保證工件的加工精度；2、提高生產(chǎn)效率；3、工藝性好；4、使用性好5、經(jīng)濟性好。除考慮專用夾具本身結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、標準化程度高、成本低廉外，還應(yīng)根據(jù)生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)對夾具方案進行必要的經(jīng)濟分析，以提高夾具在生產(chǎn)中的經(jīng)濟效益。
六點定位原理：用六個定位支撐點與工件接觸，并保證支撐點合理分布，每個定位支撐點限制工件的一個自由度，便可將工件六個自由度完全限制，工件在空間的位置也就唯一的被確定。要是工件安全定位，就必須限制工件在空間的六個自由度，即為工件的“六點定位原理”。在夾具設(shè)計的定位分析中，注意解決以下問題：完全定位和不完全定位，過定位和欠定位。工件的定位表面有各種形式，如平面、外圓、內(nèi)孔等對于這些表面，總是采用一定結(jié)構(gòu)的定位元件，以保證定位元件的定位面和工件定位基準面相結(jié)合或配合。定位元件的設(shè)計應(yīng)滿足下列要求：1、要有與工件相適應(yīng)的精度；2、要有足夠大剛度，不允許受力后發(fā)生變形；3、要有耐磨性，以便在使用中保持精度。一般多采用低碳鋼滲碳淬火或中碳鋼淬火，硬度為58～62hrcHRC
夾緊裝置有三部分組成：動力源裝置，傳力機構(gòu)，夾緊元件。夾緊裝置的設(shè)計原則：1、工件不移動原則；2、工件不變形原則；3、工件不振動原則；4、安全可靠原則；5、經(jīng)濟實用原則。夾緊機構(gòu)的設(shè)計要求：可浮動，可聯(lián)動，可増力，可自鎖。設(shè)計夾緊機構(gòu)，必須首先合理確定夾緊力的三要素：大小、方向和作用點。夾緊力方向的確定應(yīng)遵循以下原則：1、夾緊力的作用方向應(yīng)垂直于主要定位基準面；2、夾緊力作用方向應(yīng)使所需夾緊力最?。?、夾緊力作用方向應(yīng)使工件變形盡可能小；夾緊力作用點的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)以下原則：1、夾緊力的作用點應(yīng)落在支撐元件或機構(gòu)支撐元件形成的穩(wěn)定受力區(qū)域內(nèi)；2、夾緊力作用點應(yīng)落在工件剛性好的部位；3、夾緊力作用點應(yīng)盡可能靠近加工面。夾緊力的大小的確定可根據(jù)切削力、工件重力的大小、方向和相互位置關(guān)系具體計算。為了安全起見，計算出的夾緊力應(yīng)乘以安全系數(shù)K，故實際夾緊力一般比理論計算值大2～3倍。
鉆模類型很多，在設(shè)計鉆模時，首先要根據(jù)工件的形狀、尺寸、重量和加工要求，并考慮生產(chǎn)批量、工廠工藝裝備的技術(shù)狀況等具體條件，選擇鉆模類型和結(jié)構(gòu)。在選型時要注意以下幾點：（1）工件被加工孔徑大于10mm時，鉆模應(yīng)固定在工作臺上（特別是鋼件）。因此其夾具體上應(yīng)有專供夾壓用的凸緣或凸臺。（2）當工件上加工的孔處在同一回轉(zhuǎn)半徑，且夾具的總重量超過100N時，應(yīng)采用具有分度裝置的回轉(zhuǎn)鉆模，如能與通用回轉(zhuǎn)臺配合使用則更好。（3）當在一般的中型工件某一平面上加工若干個任意分布的平行孔系時，宜采用固定式鉆模在搖臂鉆床上加工。大型工件則可采用蓋板式鉆模在搖臂鉆床上加工。如生產(chǎn)批量較大，則可在立式鉆床或組合機床上采用多軸傳動頭加工。（4）對于孔的垂直度允差大于0.1mm和孔距位置允差大于±0.15mm的中小型工件，宜優(yōu)先采用滑柱式鉆模，以縮短夾具的設(shè)計制造周期。
本次鉆模設(shè)計是針對圓周徑向均布等直徑孔的套類零件設(shè)計出立式鉆床專用鉆夾具。設(shè)計重點為：選擇夾具類型，正確選擇和設(shè)計鉆套及鉆模板的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。旨在提高生產(chǎn)效率，保證孔之間的位置精度。圓周徑向均布等直徑孔的套類零件在機械加工生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用廣泛，設(shè)計成熟合理，而此轉(zhuǎn)位鉆模正是為加工該零件而設(shè)計的專用夾具，有很好的發(fā)展前景。
Special drill press mould for a particular parts used in hole processing fixture. Such drilling machine fixture can more easily to ensure the position precision between hole, improve production efficiency. Use this jig can greatly improve the mould labor productivity, lower operating labor intensity, and reduce the loss of the drill. It can prolong the service life of the cutter.
In fixture design work, generally has the following characteristics: 1, fixture design cycle is short, generally not the strength and stiffness calculation; 2, special jig design, product parts of a strong targeted; 3, to ensure the products processing quality, improve labor productivity is the primary task of fixture design work ; 4, Design of the clamping device, the entire fixture structure has conclusive effect. Fixture design principle is economic and practical, fixture basic requirements of design has the following three aspects: good use; good creation; good repair. Good use is the most important. The main technical indexes have the following: 1, to ensure the machining precision of the workpiece; 2, improve the production efficiency; 3, good manufacturability; 4, good use; 5, economy good practicability. In addition to consider special jig has the advantages of simple structure, high degree of standardization, cheap outside, still should according to production program to fixture scheme to economic analysis, in order to improve the economic benefit in production fixture.
Six point locating principle: with the six positioning points of contact with the workpiece, and to ensure that the supporting point reasonable distribution, each positioning support limiting workpiece with one degree of freedom, the workpiece can be six degrees of freedom is restricted, the workpiece position in space is the only identified. If the safety of the workpiece positioning, must limit the workpiece in the space of six degrees of freedom, named "six positioning theory". In the positioning of fixture design analysis, paid attention to the following questions: the complete and incomplete positioning, positioning and owes the localization. Positioning of the workpiece surface has a variety of forms, such as plane, outer circle, inner hole for these surfaces, always use the certain structure of the positioning element, to ensure the positioning element positioning surface and the workpiece locating datum combine or cooperate with. Positioning of components of the design should meet the following requirements: 1, with corresponding to the workpieces accuracy; 2, should have enough stiffness, does not allow the force deformation; 3, to have wear resistance, so that in use to maintain accuracy. Generally use more low carbon steel carburizing quenching or medium-carbon steel quenching, hardness of 58 to 62 HRC.
Clamping device has three parts: the power supply device, power transmission institutions, clamping components. The principles for the design of clamping device: 1, the workpiece is not moving principle; 2, the workpiece is not deformation principle; 3, workpiece not vibration principle; 4, safe and reliable principle; 5, economic and practical principles. The clamping mechanism design requirements: it can float, linkage, can increase force, capable of self-locking. Design of clamping institutions, must first reasonably determine the clamping force of three elements: size, direction and action points. The clamping force direction should be determined according to the following principles: 1, clamping force direction perpendicular to the main orientation should be datum; 2, clamping force direction should make clamping force required minimum; 3, clamping force direction should make the deformation as small as possible. Clamping force of the act shall be determined according to the following principles: 1, clamping force of the role of should fall in support of components or institutions of the formation of the stable support components stress area; 2, clamping force should fall on the role of rigid good parts; 3, clamping force should act as close to the surface processing. Clamping force size according to the determination of cutting force of gravity, workpiece size and direction and mutual position the specific calculation. For safety reasons, calculate the clamping force should be multiplied by safety coefficient K, the actual clamping force than the calculated value is commonly 2～3 times.
There are a lot of type drill mold, in the design the drill, according to the first of all is the shape, size, weight and process requirements, and consider the production batch, factory technological equipment technology condition and other specific conditions, than choose the model type and structure drill. In the model selection should pay attention to the following: (1) when the workpiece is processing more than 10 mm diameter, drill mode should be fixed on the (especially steel parts). So that the clip in the concrete should have for the clamp pressure with lugs or convex platform. (2) when the same back in the hole processing radius, and the total weight of fixture more than 100 N should be used when the device is dividing rotary drill mode, if can be used together with the general rotating table is better. (3) when in general medium workpiece a plane processing several parallel hole is arbitrary distribution, appropriate uses stationary drill mold in radial drilling machine in processing. Large scale workpiece with cover plate can be drilling mold in radial drilling machine in processing. Such as production batch is bigger, can be in the vertical drilling machine or combination machine tools on the shaft driving head processing. (4) for the hole perpendicularity tolerance is more than 0.1 mm and the distance of hole position tolerance greater than 0.15 mm in the small workpieces, should give priority to the sliding column jig, fixture design and manufacturing cycle to shorten.
This drill mold design is for all such as cloth of radial circle diameter hole of the set of parts design the vertical drilling machine special drill fixture. The focal point of design for: choose fixture type, proper selection and design of drilling and drill template of the structure. Aim to improve production efficiency and guarantee the hole between the positions of precision. Circumference radially uniform diameter hole sleeve parts in machining is widely used, the design is rational, mature, and this inversion model is processing for the drill parts and special fixture design, have very good development prospect.