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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)任務書
姓名: 院(系):
專業(yè): 班 號:
任務起止日期:20XX年10月11日至20XX年12月28日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)題目:
汽車多向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅設(shè)計
立題的目的和意義:
汽車多向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅能夠提高駕駛員的舒適性、操作方便性,也直接影響到人們的安全與健康,例如對乘員脊椎的保護?,F(xiàn)代汽車要求對座椅的調(diào)節(jié)能夠更加簡單、方便、快捷。目前,汽車座椅位置的調(diào)節(jié)多采用基于手動調(diào)節(jié)方式的機械和電動控制兩種方式。汽車電動座椅有兩向移動、四向移動、六向移動等多種類型。兩向電動座椅只能做前后移動;四向電動座椅能夠前后移動、升降;六向電動座椅除了能夠前后移動外,座椅的座位前部和靠背還可以分別升降。
本題目要求設(shè)計汽車六向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅。通過此課題能夠加深理解《機械設(shè)計》、《汽車構(gòu)造》等專業(yè)課程知識,掌握汽車電動座椅的工作原理及發(fā)展方向,鞏固所學的專業(yè)知識,提高基本技能,培養(yǎng)綜合運用所學的知識解決實際問題的能力和創(chuàng)新能力。
技術(shù)要求與主要內(nèi)容:
設(shè)計汽車六向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅總成,包括電動機、蝸輪蝸桿傳動機構(gòu)、位置傳感器、電子控制器ECU、開關(guān)、連接件、導軌等零部件,進行測繪、計算、校核、繪制草圖和正式圖紙、撰寫設(shè)計說明書等工作。
設(shè)計過程綜合運用調(diào)研、查閱資料、實體測繪、計算、參考設(shè)計等方法進行:
(1)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、圖書館、實驗室等調(diào)研、查閱汽車多向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅資料,熟悉其工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)對六向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅進行測繪、計算。
(3)利用材料力學方法校核各主要零件的強度、剛度。
(4)利用AutoCAD繪制各零件圖、部件圖和裝配圖。
要求繪制圖紙總量≥2張0#圖紙;設(shè)計說明書≥5000字,其中參考文獻≥10篇(含外文參考文獻≥2篇)。
進度安排:
20XX年10月11日~10月21日 調(diào)研,查閱多向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅相關(guān)資料,撰寫《開題報告》,準備開題。
20XX年10月22日 開題。
20XX年10月23日~11月18日 確定總體設(shè)計方案,進行初步計算,繪制草圖,撰寫設(shè)計說明書草稿。
20XX年11月19日 接受階段性檢查。
20XX年11月20日~11月25日 完成設(shè)計草圖和設(shè)計說明書草稿。
20XX年11月26日 接受中期檢查。
20XX年11月27日~12月09日 繪制并完成六向調(diào)節(jié)電動座椅零件圖、裝配圖及設(shè)計說明書。
20XX年12月10日 接受結(jié)題檢查。
20XX年12月11日~12月15日 修改設(shè)計、圖紙和說明書。
20XX年12月16日 上交圖紙和設(shè)計說明書。
20XX年12月17日~12月27日 根據(jù)評審意見修改圖紙和設(shè)計說明書,并準備答辯提綱,制作答辯電子演示稿。
20XX年12月28日~12月29日 答辯。
20XX年12月30日~12月31日 整理上交畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)材料。
同組設(shè)計者及分工:
無
無
指導教師簽字
年 月 日
系(教研室)主任意見:
系(教研室)主任簽字
年 月 日
哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書(論文)
附錄Ⅰ
現(xiàn)代轎車已經(jīng)不是一個單純的運載工具,它已經(jīng)是“人、汽車與環(huán)境”的組合體。座椅作為汽車使用者的直接支承裝置,在車廂部件中具有非同小可的重要性。汽車座椅的主要功能是為駕駛者提供便于操縱、舒適、安全和不易疲勞的駕駛座位。座椅設(shè)計時應同時滿足以下五點基本要求:
一、座椅的合理布置;
二、座椅外形要符合人體生理功能;
三、座椅應具有調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu);
四、座椅有良好的振動特性;
五、座椅必須十分安全可靠;
座椅安裝位置的尺寸是很重要的,它直接影響到使用者的便利性和舒適性。座椅布置要體現(xiàn)出人體工程學的要求。駕駛座椅是最關(guān)鍵的座椅。它的基本要求是布置合理,操縱方便,即乘坐時駕駛者對方向盤、操縱桿和踏板的良好可及性。由于歐美和亞洲人身材的差異,一些國家汽車的座位十分寬闊,一些國家汽車的座位相對狹小。由于同一地區(qū)的人群,也有男性和女性的差異,高大和矮小的差異,駕駛座椅必須要有調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu),以適應大部分人的身材?!按蟛糠秩恕边@個概念,轎車設(shè)計師采用一種二維的人體樣板,它根據(jù)高度將總?cè)巳簞澐譃椴煌娜航M:
5%(所有駕駛者中的5%身材較矮小或等于這尺寸,其余95%身材較高大);
95%(所有駕駛者中的95%身材較矮小或等于這尺寸,其余5%身材較高大)。
汽車工業(yè)中所應用的總范圍在5%和95%之間,也就是包括了90%人群。例如設(shè)計可調(diào)節(jié)座椅與踏板之間的距離,適應盡可能多的駕駛者身材,在這里一般取5%的女性及95%男性人體樣板。
駕駛座椅對方向盤、操縱桿和踏板的可及性決定了人體乘坐的姿勢,姿勢是由座椅的安排位置和形狀設(shè)計所決定的。駕駛者乘坐姿勢不理想就容易疲勞甚至引起勞損。因此,日本及歐美各大車廠設(shè)計駕駛座椅位置都有基本姿勢、頭部、肩部、手臂、腹部、腿部等活動空間的參考數(shù)據(jù),不能隨心所欲。
轎車座椅由座墊、靠背、側(cè)背支撐、頭枕等組成,它們具有一定的表面形狀,座面和靠背的外形曲線應與人體放松狀態(tài)下的背部曲線相吻合,乘員入座后座椅的表面形狀與體壓分布能使乘員的肌肉處于最放松的狀態(tài),能支撐到腰椎部位,不會因血液循環(huán)不良而引起肢體麻木,長時間乘坐不易感到疲勞。通過對座椅的前后上下、靠背的傾斜角度、頭枕前后上下等位置的有限調(diào)節(jié),可以使大部分人處于舒適狀態(tài)。
座椅的彈簧性能是構(gòu)成座椅振動特性的關(guān)鍵。試驗證明,車輛行駛時盡管地板振動大,但由于座椅彈簧的作用,仍有可能在座椅上獲得良好的舒適性,如果彈簧性能不好,則汽車的舒適感會比較差。目前多數(shù)座墊采用整體泡沫尿烷緩沖墊,它用螺旋彈簧或者S形彈簧埋于泡沫尿烷之中而成,具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,成本低、無噪聲的優(yōu)點。
對于轎車低靠背座椅而言,頭枕是座椅上一個附件。隨著車速的增加,它對人身安全日益重要。汽車一旦發(fā)生追尾碰撞,汽車受后面沖擊力作用瞬間急速向前,由于慣性作用乘員的頭部卻會突然向后仰,頸椎承受到很大的加速度力而容易傷害。有了頭枕承托,減少頭部自由移動的空間就可以降低對頸椎的沖擊力。1998年 Volvo(富豪)轎車裝配的WHIPS(頭頸部保護系統(tǒng))當追尾發(fā)生時可令靠背頭枕與駕乘者同時后移,有效避免頸椎傷害。
目前轎車座椅已與安全帶、安全氣囊一起構(gòu)成對乘員的安全防護。轎車座椅本身的堅固程度、對車身連接的可靠性、靠背的強度都有行業(yè)規(guī)定和試驗標準,不是隨便做一個安裝上去就行的。
隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)發(fā)展,轎車的座椅有裝配氣動裝置的,氣壓由發(fā)動機艙的氣泵提供,座椅靠背內(nèi)分別有4個氣壓腔,實現(xiàn)對腰椎部的保護。有靠背分成上下兩部分,角度可以分別調(diào)整以使腰部和肩部同時緊貼靠背,起到安全保護作用。有在靠背內(nèi)裝一個由電腦控制的電子振蕩器,還有按摩保健作用。
附錄Ⅱ
Modern cars is not a simple means of delivery, it is already "people, cars and the environment," the combination. As a car seat directly support the user's device, the car has no small importance of the components. The main function of car seats for the driver to provide ease of manipulation, comfortable, safe and easy fatigue of the driver seat. Seat design should also meet the following five basic requirements:
the seat of the rational arrangement;
Second, the seat shape to meet the body's physiological function;
Third, the seat should have the regulatory agencies;
Fourth, the vibration characteristics of a good seat;
Five seats to be very safe and reliable;
eat size of the installation location is important, it directly affects the user's convenience and comfort. Seating layout should reflect the requirements of ergonomics. Driver's seat is the most crucial seats. Its basic requirement is a reasonable layout and simple operation, that is, when the drivers take on the steering wheel, joystick and pedals for good accessibility. Because differences in European, American and Asian body in some countries is very wide car seat, car seat in some countries is relatively small. As the crowd the same area, there are differences between men and women, the tall and the small differences in driver's seat must have regulatory agencies to meet most people's body. "Most people" concept, the car body design used a two-dimensional model, which according to the height of its total population is divided into different groups:
Seat size of the installation location is important, it directly affects the user's convenience and comfort. Seating layout should reflect the requirements of ergonomics. Driver's seat is the most crucial seats. Its basic requirement is a reasonable layout and simple operation, that is, when the drivers take on the steering wheel, joystick and pedals for good accessibility. Because differences in European, American and Asian body in some countries is very wide car seat, car seat in some countries is relatively small. As the crowd the same area, there are differences between men and women, the tall and the small differences in driver's seat must have regulatory agencies to meet most people's body. "Most people" concept, the car body design used a two-dimensional model, which according to the height of its total population is divided into different groups:
5% (all 5% of drivers in the short stature than or equal to this size, the remaining 95% taller large);
95% (all 95% of drivers in the short stature than or equal to the size of the remaining 5% taller large).
Applied in the automotive industry in the total range of between 5% and 95%, that is, including the 90% crowd. For example, adjustable seats and pedals designed distance between the drivers as much as possible to adapt body, where women generally take 5% and 95% of male body model.
Driver's seat on the steering wheel, joystick and pedals to take the body and determines the position, posture, seating arrangement by the position and shape of the design of the decision. Drivers to take the posture is not ideal or even lead to fatigue and strain. Therefore, Japan and major European and American design of the depot location has the basic drivers seat position, head, shoulders, arms, abdomen, legs and other reference data space, can not be arbitrary
Car seats from the seat, back, dorsal support, headrests and other components, they have a surface shape, seat surface and backrest should be with the body shape curve of the back curve of a relaxed state match, after the seat occupant seated surface shape and the body pressure distribution in the muscles of the crew to make the most relaxed state, to support the lumbar spine, not because of poor circulation caused numbness, fatigue easily take a long time. Through the front seat up and down, backrest angle, head up and down positions, such as the limited front and rear adjustment, can make most people are comfortable.
The spring seat seat vibration performance constitute the key. Tests show that vehicle is in motion even though the floor vibration, but the action of the spring seat, the seat is still possible to get good comfort, good performance if the spring, the comfort of the car will be relatively poor. At present, most holistic seat cushion foam urethane, which uses S-shaped coil spring or springs from being buried in urethane foam, has a simple structure, low cost, noise-free advantages.
Low-back seats for the car, the head is an attachment on the seat. As the speed increases, its growing importance of personal safety. Car in the event of rear-end collision, the impact of cars by the force behind the rapid moment forward, the inertia occupant's head is suddenly thrown back, cervical spine to withstand the acceleration forces to the large and easily hurt. With the head supporting and reduce the space of free movement of the head can reduce the impact of the cervical spine. 1998 Volvo (Volvo) car assembly WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System) rear-end collision occurs when the headrest and backrest can be made after the occupants moved at the same time effectively prevent cervical spine injury.
The current car seat has seat belts, airbags together constitute the security of the crew. The strength of their own car seat, the reliability of the connection on the body, back strength and testing requirements are the industry standard, not just to do an installation up to the line.
With modern technology, car seats are equipped pneumatic devices, air pump from the engine compartment is provided inside the seat back pressure chamber 4, respectively, to achieve the protection of the Ministry of the lumbar spine. Are divided into two parts back, the angle can be adjusted to make the waist and shoulder the same time close to the back, play a security role. Have built in the back of a computer-controlled electronic oscillator, and massage health effects.
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
題 目 汽車多向電動座椅設(shè)計
專 業(yè)
學 號
學 生
指 導 教 師
答 辯 日 期
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)評語
姓名: 學號: 專業(yè): 車輛工程
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)題目: 汽車多向電動座椅設(shè)計
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摘要
座椅是與人接觸最密切的部件,人們對轎車平順性的評價多是通過座椅的感受作出的。現(xiàn)代轎車的駕駛者座椅和前部乘員座椅多是電動可調(diào)的,又稱電動座椅。因此,電動座椅是直接影響轎車質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵部件之一。
?? 轎車電動座椅以駕駛者的座椅為主。從服務對象出發(fā),電動座椅必須要滿足便利性和舒適性兩大要求。也就是說駕駛者通過鍵鈕操縱,既可以將座椅調(diào)整到最佳的位置上,使駕駛者獲得最好視野,得到易于操縱方向盤、踏板、變速桿等操縱件的便利,還可以獲得最舒適和最習慣的乘坐角度。為了滿足這些要求,世界汽車生產(chǎn)大國的有關(guān)廠家都竟相采用機械和電子技術(shù)手段,制造出可調(diào)整的電動座椅。
本方案設(shè)計的電動座椅由雙向電動機、傳動裝置和座椅調(diào)節(jié)器等組成。通過座椅調(diào)節(jié)器實現(xiàn)座椅水平前后移動、座椅上下移動、座椅靠背的角度旋轉(zhuǎn)六個方向的調(diào)節(jié)。
汽車電動座椅的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有: 可逆直流微型電動機( 驅(qū)動裝置) 、傳動裝置、連接機構(gòu)、蝸輪、蝸桿、滾珠絲杠、水平滑動導軌等部件組合而成。座椅由坐墊、靠背、靠枕、骨架、懸掛和調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu)等組成。
關(guān)鍵詞:汽車電器;電動座椅;蝸輪、蝸桿、螺桿
Abstract
the chair is contacts the closest part with the human, the people many are make to the passenger vehicle smooth appraisal through chair's feeling. The modern passenger vehicle's driver chair and the front part crew member chair many are electrically operated adjustable, also calls the electrically operated chair. Therefore, the electrically operated chair is one of immediate influence passenger vehicle quality key components.
Passenger vehicle electrically operated chair by driver's chair primarily. Embarks from the target client, the electrically operated chair must satisfy the convenience and the comfortable two big requests. That is driver through keybutton operation, may also adjust the chair in the best position, causes the driver to obtain the best field of vision, obtains easy to operate operation and so on steering wheel, footboard, gearshift lever conveniences, but may also obtain is most comfortable and the most custom rides the angle. In order to satisfy these requests, the world automobile production power's related factory unexpectedly uses the machinery and the electronic technology method, makes electrically operated chair which may adjust.
This scheme is a kind of mechanical design and manufacturing, ergonomics and electronic technology combining can adjust the electric chair eight direction. General electric chair system by two-way motor and transmission device and seat regulator, etc. Through the seat regulator seat level movement, realize front seats and seat move after the end of the move, the seat of the direction of rotation Angle of eight.
The auto electric chair of the structure are mainly: reversible dc micro motors (drives), transmission device, the connection, Angle transfer worm and worm, ball screw, horizontal sliding guide etc. Electric chair cushion, seat, by magic, skeleton, suspension and adjusting mechanism etc.
Keywords: Automotive Electrical; electric chair; turbine, worm, screw
哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書(論文)
目 錄
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
第一章 緒論 - 1 -
1.1 綜述... - 1 -
1.2 電動座椅設(shè)計研究的現(xiàn)狀 - 2 -
1.2.1國外研究現(xiàn)狀 - 2 -
1.2.2國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 - 3 -
1.3 電動座椅設(shè)計的背景 - 3 -
1.4 本文的主要研究工作 - 3 -
第二章 研究方案的選取 - 4 -
2.1 綜述 - 4 -
2.2 座椅坐墊升降部分 - 4 -
2.3 座椅坐墊前后移動部分 - 5 -
2.4 座椅靠背傾斜部分 - 6 -
第三章 選用傳動的特點 - 6 -
3.1 齒輪傳動 - 6 -
3.1.1 齒輪傳動特點 - 6 -
3.1.2 齒輪傳動類型 - 7 -
3.2 螺旋傳動 - 8 -
3.2.1螺旋傳動特點 - 8 -
3.2.2螺旋傳動類型 - 8 -
a. 滑動螺旋傳動 - 8 -
b. 滾動螺旋傳動 - 8 -
3.3 空間連桿機構(gòu) - 9 -
第四章 機構(gòu)設(shè)計 - 10 -
4.1電動機選擇計算 - 10 -
4.1.1 選擇電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速 - 10 -
4.1.2 工作機的有效功率 - 11 -
4.1.3 選擇電動機型號 - 11 -
4.2 傳動比分配 - 11 -
4.3 計算各軸轉(zhuǎn)速 - 12 -
4.4 蝸輪蝸桿設(shè)計 - 12 -
4.4.1選擇蝸桿傳動類型 - 12 -
4.4.2 選擇材料 - 12 -
4.4.3 按齒面接觸疲勞強度進行設(shè)計 - 12 -
4.4.4 蝸桿與蝸輪的主要參數(shù)與幾何尺寸 - 14 -
4.4.5 校核齒根彎曲疲勞強度 - 14 -
4.4.6 驗算效率 - 15 -
4.4.7 精度等級公差和表面粗糙度的確定 - 16 -
4.5 滾珠絲杠設(shè)計 - 17 -
4.5.1 選擇滾珠絲杠型號及其工作條件 - 17 -
4.5.2 降速比計算 - 17 -
4.5.3 慣量計算 - 17 -
4.5.4 電動機力矩計算 - 17 -
4.5.5 剛度計算 - 18 -
4.5.6 反向死區(qū) - 18 -
4.5.7 傳動剛度變化引起的定位誤差 - 19 -
4.6 前后調(diào)節(jié)滾珠絲杠支承軸承驗算 - 19 -
4.7 垂直調(diào)節(jié)螺桿驗算 - 20 -
4.7.1 螺桿的強度計算 - 20 -
4.7.2 螺桿穩(wěn)定性計算 - 20 -
4.8 垂直調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu)支承軸承驗算 - 21 -
結(jié)論 - 22 -
致 謝 - 23 -
參考文獻 - 24 -
附錄Ⅰ…………………………………………………………………………- 25 -