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中國地質大學長城學院
本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯
系 別： 工程技術系
專 業(yè)：機械設計制造及其自動化
姓 名： 劉萌萌
學 號： 50208326
2012 年 3 月 1 日
外文資料翻譯譯文
粉狀的石英即受自然風化的平均微粒大小為10.4um的石英一起在行星球磨機中被磨。經(jīng)測試，在干磨及濕磨的狀態(tài)下，不一樣的粒度分布、特性表面面積、晶體結構、表面無定形和熱特性是與被磨時間成反比的。結果顯示，干磨能導致晶體結構的無序、表面無定形和表面活力的增強同時其微粒大小跟著磨碎進度而降低，而濕的磨碎永久的降低了在這臺行星球磨機中的石英粉的磨碎極限。粉狀的石英是一種在自然界被風化的硅酸鹽礦物粉末，該粉末已經(jīng)在廣東，江西 和中國的其他省中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。它由于有較高的純度，目前已經(jīng)被用于橡皮，塑料性物質，復合材料如一種填隙料的材料和涂料。 但是在這些應用較小的粒度和比較高的表面化學的活度有時是必要的。因此，自然的被風化的粉狀石英的干的或更干的磨碎被認為是重要的加工階段之一。
眾所周知，干的磨碎不僅僅引起顆粒的破壞而且還有機械化學作用。前面的因素符合多樣性的顆粒大小的分布和特性的變化比表面面積。后者以多種多樣的晶體結構的形式出現(xiàn)，比如，制做格子變形和鑄疵，無形狀，組自由基，自由表面能的增強，電子的放射，等離子體的外表等等。以上的這些變化增強了這種地表材料的活力程度和其的反應度。但是對自然被風化的粉末的石英的試驗，即關于它在干的磨碎下的機械化學作用，沒有被記錄。因此，這個實驗在干的磨碎下的機械化學作用的結果對粉末石英的加工和利用是十分必要的。
粉狀的石英試樣在一個行星的球磨機中被磨。質點尺寸的分布, 特性的比表面的面積, 晶體構造，表面無定形等等的變化,在干的輪磨和濕的輪磨中被測試與磨碎的時間成反比。 從這些數(shù)據(jù)，干的磨碎的機械裝置和其對粉末的機械化學作用被認為與不同的磨碎條件有聯(lián)系。
一個實驗室以回轉速度400個轉/每分鐘 ( XPW-100 X 4)依比例決定行星的球磨機。 5 到 6 毫米直徑的鋁氧球被用來充填球磨機筒體的40%的容積來當作球磨機的磨碎介質。
粒度分布由一個 SA- CP3 的相片消光離心沉降儀器測量。 而特性比表面的 面積由以 N2 作為 吸收介質的BET方法測量了。 為土地的試樣 XRD 被一個和石墨單色儀一起使用 CuKa 輻射的粉狀繞射計實行了。 衍射角是從 50°到 70°.被用的實驗狀態(tài)是依下列各項:0 .01°的階段寬度和0.01秒的固定時間。DTA（TAS100）被開始實行以 100°C/ 每分鐘的加熱速度。紅外線的吸收頻譜在與200 毫克 KBr 的 2 毫克試樣 石英粉末發(fā)生作用時被紅外線光譜儀器獲得了。 標準的光波是在 400 和 4000 /厘米 之間。
為了要測試干的地面中表面無定形的層組溶解度的變化，水的試樣和堿的溶液被用來做實驗。
作為這一項研究的自然粉狀的石英來自廣東省的羅定縣。它是一種被自然風化的硅酸鹽礦物，其顆粒的粒度大小如下：平均的粒度大小為直徑10.4微米和最大的粒度大小為30微米。該試樣的化學成分依下列各項 (%):SiO2 99. 48;Fe2O3 0.023;A1203 0.062;CaO 0.062;K20 0.020;Na2O 0.031;TiO2 0.025.
試樣經(jīng)過不斷重復的清洗以除去其中的黏土之后被放進一個 500 毫升的容積的容器中該容器內含直徑為5到6毫米的鋁氧球。30 g的啟動材料在每個實驗開始時都被嚴格的控制。磨碎的時間由從 6 變化到 30 h 。 干的地面試樣和濕的地面試樣分別地被標志為 D0, d3,d6，D12.…… 和 W 0，W1， W3，W6……寫在底下的數(shù)字以小時為單位表示磨的時間。 然后土地的試樣由粒度分析器分析。BET方法， XRD ， DTA ， IR 和溶解度試驗。
這個極限在干的磨碎中則為1.28微米而在濕的磨碎中則為1.0微米。并且有證據(jù)顯示，顆粒粒度的大小在濕的磨碎的情況下得到的要比在它們在干的磨碎下來的小，當然，濕磨的磨碎極限要比干磨的磨碎極限要低一些。因此，濕的磨碎在降低顆粒的粒度大小方面比較有效，因為顆粒在濕磨比在干磨的情況下更加好的被驅散和不易在輪磨中抱成一團。
在這篇文章中，粉末的石英的機械化學作用是通過行星的球磨機來進行測試。經(jīng)過觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)顆粒的平均粒度D50或d50行星已被減小到最小而然后隨著磨碎時間的增加其又開始增大。在球磨機中粉末石英的“磨碎極限”是 1. 28微米 和 1. O微米分別地對應于干的磨碎和濕的磨碎。 濕的磨碎能提高精磨粉碎石英的效率比較與干磨而言。由行星的球磨機所供給的能量能引起結構的無序，表面的無定形和表面的活力等的增強伴隨著因磨碎的進行而顆粒粒度減小。顯然，XRD的峰值降低，在IR區(qū)域光譜吸收波長的退化，吸熱顛峰在峰值573°C后降低和干地面的試樣的溶解度在氫氧化鈉的溶液中隨著精磨的進行而增大。
外文原文
Powdered quartz is affected by natural weathering of the average particle size of 10.4um quartz in planetary ball mill is grinding. After the test, the dry grinding and wet grinding condition, different particle size distribution, surface area, crystal structure, properties of the surface amorphous and thermal properties and grinding time is inversely proportional to the. The results showed, dry grinding can lead to crystal structure of disordered, amorphous and surface activity surface enhanced at the same time the particle size decreases with the progress of ground, wet ground permanently reduced in the planetary ball mill quartz powder grinding limit. Powdered quartz is a kind of nature in weathered silicate mineral powder, the powder has been in Guangdong, Jiangxi and other provinces in China were found. Because it has high purity, has been used in rubber, plastic, composite material as a filler materials and coatings. But in the application of small particle size and high surface chemical activity is sometimes necessary. Therefore, naturally weathered quartz powder dry or dry grinding is thought to be important in the processing stage of.
As everyone knows, do not cause the destruction of ground particles and mechanical chemical action，In front of the factors with the diversity of particle size distribution and the characteristics of the change of specific surface area. The latter to a variety of crystal structure form, for example, making the lattice distortion and defects of casting, no shape, group free radical, free surface enhancement, electronic radiation, plasma appearance and so on. These changes increased the surface material dynamic degree and its reactivity. But the natural weathered powdered quartz test, namely about it on dry ground under mechanical chemical action, not recorded. Therefore, this experiment on dry ground under mechanical chemical action result of powder quartz processing and using is very necessary.
Powdery quartz specimen in a planetary ball mill is grinding. Particle size distribution, specific surface area characteristics, crystal structure, surface of amorphous and changes, in dry grinding and wet grinding was tested with grinding time is inversely proportional to. From these data, dry grinding device and its powder by mechanical chemical interactions are considered with different ground conditions are linked.
A lab for rotary speed of 400RPM per minute ( XPW-100X 4) scale planetary ball mill. From 5 to6 mm diameter of the alumina ball was used to fill the cylinder body of the ball mill40% volume as the ball mill grinding medium.
As the land of sample XRD is a graphite monochromator is used together with CuKa radiation powder diffractometer executed. Diffraction angle is from 50DEG to 70 DEG. By experimental condition is as follows:0.01 DEG phase width and fixed time0.01 seconds. DTA ( TAS100) was started at 100 degrees C / minute rate of heating. Infrared absorption spectrum at2mg and 200 mg KBr quartz powder specimen role by infrared spectroscopy instrument obtained. Standard light is in the 400 and4000 / cm.
In order to test the dry ground surface amorphous layer group solubility, water sample and alkaline solution was used to do the experiment
As a study of natural powdery quartz from Guangdong Province of county .It is a kind of natural weathering of silicate , the grain size is as follows: the average particle size of 10.4 microns diameter and maximum for the particle size of 30 microns. The chemical composition of the sample according to the following ( % ): SiO2 99.48; Fe2O3 0.023; A1203 0.062; CaO 0.062; K20 0.020; Na2O 0.031; TiO2 0.025.
The sample after repeated cleaning to remove the clay after being put into a 500 ml volume container in the container with a diameter of 5to 6 mm of alumina ball. 30 g starting material in each at the beginning of the experiment were strictly controlled. Grind time by varying from 6 to30 h. Dry surface sample and wet ground sample are marked as D0, D3, D6, D12...And W 0, W1, W3, W6... ... written in the bottom number in hours said grinding time. Then the land by the particle size analyzer sample analysis. BET, XRD, DTA, IR and solubility test.
The limit on dry ground,1.28 microns in wet ground is1 micron. And there is evidence, particle size on the wet ground conditions than when they are dry grind down small, of course, wet grinding grinding grinding grinding limit than the dry limit is lower. Therefore, wet grinding to reduce particle size size is more effective, because the particles in wet grinding than in dry grinding conditions better be dispelled and not easily in the grinding of hold together to form a clique.
In this article, powder quartz mechanical chemical action is through the planetary ball mill test. After observation, found the average particle size of D50 or D50planets have been reduced to a minimum and then with the grinding time to increase its began to increase. In the ball mill powder quartz" grinding limit" is the1.28and 1 micron O micron respectively correspond to the dry grinding and wet grinding. Wet grinding can improve grinding crushed quartz efficiency compared with the dry grinding. The planetary ball mill provided by the energy can cause disordered structure, the surface of the amorphous and surface activity of enhanced accompanied by the ground and particle size reduction. Apparently, XRD peak reduction, in the IR region spectral absorption wavelength of the endothermic peak peak degradation, in573 degree C after reducing and dry ground sample solubility in sodium hydroxide solution with the fine grinding and increase.
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