遙控車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)【遙控智能小車(chē)】【輪式機(jī)器人】
遙控車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)【遙控智能小車(chē)】【輪式機(jī)器人】,遙控智能小車(chē),輪式機(jī)器人,遙控車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)【遙控智能小車(chē)】【輪式機(jī)器人】,遙控,設(shè)計(jì),智能,小車(chē),輪式,機(jī)器人
TV broadcast bodywork design requirements
Introduce bodywork design
Install broadcast is a comprehensive system engineering, the body is the complex system is an important part of. In the broadcast, the body part in carrying out all broadcast video recording needed, audio and peripheral equipment, provide an outside the workplace. Not only such, still must ensure the safety equipmentoperation and smooth transhipment, The design quality, not only directly affect the task of broadcast programs, but also to the whole system of safe transport equipment.
Bodywork design, is the first consideration in the broadcast of the design, the first thing to do, It will have a direct relationship to other system design.
Bodywork designing technical requirements for design, should according to the hull of broadcast equipment size and purpose to choose, The general is installed cameras number, the risk is bigger also. According to the former chapter 8, use the broadcast cameras, can consider to choose medium broadcast. In television broadcast often faced severe external environment, and considering carrying equipment and broadcast task too many factors such as particularity, broadcast in the modification of car when the car to the body, structure and so on a series of chassis project careful overall consideration, through special design and processing, can meet the basic requirements of television. The following are the technical requirements for design body.
The safety performance of the broadcast must conform to the state auto industry standards, car body processing and chassis USES the overseas broadcast depot exterior processing technology, size and payload must conform to the state department of traffic regulations. Car chassis and selection: international famous brand high-end products, the truck chassis on all equipment shall be loaded under the condition of the truck with 20% less than 200 surplus, engine, air suspension design, power electronic speed, hydraulic control 85KM/h, air conditioning system design, driving with anti-lock brakes (ABS) emission standards, with European standards, 111 2.5 meters wide.
Car body requirements: TiZong compartments 10-11 meters long, no more than is 3.8 meters high and wide 2.5 meters, the right side is four meters long pull box. Box body use fixed number of year more than 15 years, the car body structure of aluminum alloy frame, with high strength and insulation, Material requirement is accord with international standard of environmental protection, flame retardant materials. Vehicle requirements, dustproof, waterproof and sealed anti-rust, anticorrosion, preventing electromagnetic interference, antistatic, After the integration of box body must be rain experiment (including the side after pulling open box, when jose) experiments, the static pressure side tilt impact experiment. The surface with high strength and durable products in the process of paint, paint baking room. Body after processing, vehicle has left from the Angle, finally, from the smallest drive vehicle spacing, minimum turning radius basic technical parameters.
Body: the space layout design requirements, and fully consider the reasonable layout of the camera, lens, earphone, tripod, cable, microphone, tools and equipment accessories storage space. For the car fixed equipment should consider appropriate carry scheme.
In the national standard of vehicles, within the scope of the space as far as possible, spacious internal headroom maximization, the lateral pull section 2.2 meters, internal clear part and internal headroom wife 2.0 cars, cars GaoCheng 4 meters in vitro.
According to the different type of programme production division, scientific and reasonable utilization of working space. The workspace should
Have partition, and pass the adornment with door, audio broadcasting acoustic requirements.
Car chassis and selection
Generally speaking, the car chassis and is generally together of choose and buy, the first to calculate the weight, then the broadcast and calculate the maximum weight, total quality, Choose total capacity calculation model is bigger than that.
This design calculation, for example (hereinafter data for each half xiang estimated) :The total weight of two car electronic equipment nominal total weight (1 ton) + internal cables and connectors total weight (0.3 tons) ten outsideCable and cable reels total weight (0.5 tons of air-conditioning equipment and power) and total weight (l) + containing side and tons of heavy trunk TiZong compartments (5 tons) + car chassis total weight (5.5 tons) = 13.8 tons. Maximum loading 17.25 tons.
Additionally, want to consider the traffic situation and task destination of local geography environment, For been poor road conditions or the environment, should choose the output power of the engine and have left corner to corner and Outlines the chassis (in after modification, this part of the parameters change), In order to protect the precision bearing, should choose the equipment with air suspension design of air suspension system (increase chassis, can effectively increase the stability and the operation is necessary in the smallest increase car from the ground clearance and increase the car go right Angle of comparison, through calculation. Head and chassis selection for: Germany, MANLE18.280 car chassis and 18 tons, the highest quality of loading, electronic power output of 280 horsepower maximum speed did 85k: / h, exhaust emission standard requirements, chassis for double-axis braking, rear suspension system (air adjusting range to 14Omm - 80mm), to 18.5 ° Angle (left), (6.5 ° Angle, hydraulic steering system, ABS system.
Bodywork design types and cars
Body type selection, according to the technical requirements for broadcast medium body choice to build. At present, we have the choice of two types: the body dragged hang cabinet type body and direct box type bodywork. Straight hang cabinet is cabinet of body directly placed in vehicle chassis. Drag hanging box type body is only a few on-axis (l), or on the trailer to move. Now broadcast and dimensions of the body, but are strict standard practice. Straight hang cabinet body type hanging box type than drag of small size, because the body size by means of transport together for this decision, countries have limited body length. Generally speaking, it adopts the body from 8 to 10 metres, car - 10-12 meters to. Drag hang cabinet type body USES is 13.6 meters standards body length, but due to the design needs may be more or less. For example, do the length of 18 meters above the hull. Considering the high road, there is through the general standard limits, cannot exceed 4 meters high, usually for 3.7-390 meters, width is 2.5 meters. Because of this part of the city and the surrounding roads are narrow, many sites around the gate, and narrow space, low broadcast to think of site near the area is restricted, models. Additionally, the demand is moderate, considering the number of these factors, so the choice of pull with lateral direct box type car. Hang cabinet type body straight by lateral pull cars, can expand workspace technology area, reduce the length of the body and the height, make whole have shorter turning radius, and good road through sex, increase flexibility of moving body. Drag hanging bodywork, high center of gravity, stability, not only in the city driving speed is slow, even in the highway is compared with straight, and drag hang trailer for highway and car case typed driver requirement is high. However, until the body hangs box type, the car chassis and broadcast is permanently connected compartment, Because of the reliability of the car and car box part is the reliability of the chassis, therefore the reliability of the system reliability of normal operation. However, in the car with tow lock, in case.
Car body design
The whole system design is compartments of the follow-up work, it relates to broadcast other system design. In the initial stage of design, construction, as a first consideration should choose the material, then compartments of air conditioning, consider bodywork layout and installation requirements of technical equipment, etc; put At the same time, the design details must be considered the perfect follow-up function. The car body from design to completion, need at least 4 to 5 months. Various processes are certain order, therefore, in the design of the system should have planning and management. Car layout. The car compartment, broadcast early material body USES a lot of hardwood as their framework with the period, the most commercial body design, In the 1960s began to aluminum frame, aluminum envelope special design direction. 4 when turning radius: automotive steering wheel steering, car outside the center, under support vehicles, track circle radius. Steering wheel turned to limit position for minimum radius of turn ramming turn radius of glory. Now, a better and more stable fiber materials of aluminium surface (aluminum) chromate salt a sandwich board structure of interlining, Therefore, most use these new materials and structure to build the whole body, the conventional materials is added as internal store content ark, entrances, and other auxiliary area.
Through the comparison, FRP (GRP6 or FRP6) or aluminium surface material qualitative sheet intercalation sandwiches are high, with design, long service life, magnetic, insulation, sound insulation, etc.
Sandwich board, according to the different surface material, is divided into: steel surface materials and aluminum/GRP surface materials. When the materials of large area, steel surface material can produce vertical crease, and aluminum/GRP surface materials (not crease) consecutive. In addition, the surface of aluminum excellent in reason, including anodized, apparent into processing, coating and electroplating, therefore, to broadcast, choose aluminium surface or surface suitable materials.
For frame materials (stainless steel and aluminium), we fully consider the various factors. Stainless steel welding joint with high mechanical strength, rigidity and fatigue resistance, can satisfy the demand for hull integrity structure. Among the austenitic stainless steel, with excellent energy absorption ability, considering safety construction, it is elected. In the vehicle weight after comparison, choose steel material than aluminum material slightly heavier 10%. Through comparing, aluminum plate type: the surface of metal sheet intercalation sandwiches and mixed structure of the body. This bodywork austenitic stainless steel body frame structure (profiles do using stainless steel welding aluminum easier than because of stainless steel, aluminum) sandwiches sandwich plate surface of car do. For Windows and doors, choose body surface sandwich sandwich plate GRP. Box body side sandwich sandwich plate thickness 50 cars, total body top sheet intercalation 55mm thick sandwiches, the total volume of reinforcement and the cabins lockers by certain thickness of stainless steel. This new design of body structure, give full play to the advantages of two kinds of materials, and make a new body than the current domestic other body, has more advantages than traditional vehicle weight of car-body reduce 40%, Aluminum/GRP materials sandwich insulation sandwich board, make car is very quiet, Body structure is due to decorate, Car body USES sandwich plate containing special since maintain sandwich super structure, high strength, good resistance to impact and the support ability, to ensure the long-term stability of the hull structure, can reduce maintenance costs. In addition, sophisticatedelectronics wooden store content ark, the table at the edge of the wooden edge material selection, was processed by the hardwood, insect and moistureproof, Rappel/abseil stations should be at the man-made fabrics such as screen window instead of natural.
The design and processing of carriage
When a detailed schedule chart, after the completion of the body frame can from inside to outside began to build. From the bodywork design to completion probably need 4-5 months, then consider all equipment purchase, If the plan is completed in body, thoughtful, you can install equipment. At the beginning of the process, frame first is fixed on the car chassis rack. For special car body, chassis rack and body between the special elastic adhesive filling, can guarantee the bodywork multiple components in their long remain relatively fixed position, extended body life. When the body, the engineer will cabins sandwich plate design requirements by large Windows, doors and maintenance (etc), calculated platform, dig, then without fixed whole car chassis. For different area, we adopt profiles between sheet buckles after heightenning strength the special adhesive elastic method, minimum connection screw fastening and reduce the use of welding, hardware are stainless steel. In addition, in need of welding, choose good welding materials electroplating. On roof and floor, also used similar plank and processing method, But in these areas under the floor and big flower board inside, must design the air conditioning intake on spear strike price, exhaust pipe and cable etc. Air inlet 11 feet by ten working area through porous ceiling is completed, therefore essential in insulation layer under the appropriate design of pipe, In the porous metal plate, aluminum materials, and should choose the eye. The air filter condensation prevention. In order to avoid air turbulence generated in pipe noise, the design of many such pipe, the number of air conditioning, these specifications depending on pipes adopts non-toxic ammoniac Yun foam body. For simplified equipment maintenance, design the level off and maintenance. After repair, below half open platform made floor, ceiling upper, which makes it very convenient maintenance maintenance personnel. Maintain doors equipped with gas leading hoop, can easily open doors: all of the mouth, and the dust, shimei, and under the unified set with a key can open all the lock of the door. On both sides of the car body skirt locker, design for the camera lens, the tripod, backup, cable, tools and equipment store empty, They are designed to key can open mode. Because the body with cars, so in design and installation of the bottom side pull the two squares retractable cable protection pipe, through the cable from here to the body of internal also should be carefully considered. Within the sound broadcast require special environment, and therefore must choose sound-absorbing materials of wall and ceiling, we choose is porous sound-absorbing board (belong to impedance compound aluminum mufflers), internal filling composite sound-absorbing material. Car floor selects anti-static floor, easy cleaning. In the equipment design, the frame and the console keep back the gap in 50, This is after wiring brought convenient, also increased the equipment of cabinet, in order to control temperature air circulation. For the broadcast from appearance, can choose their own cars in the standard color swatches, so the color to the international standard RAL9010 color car choose pure white (to go out at the camera calibration quick white balance). After the integration, car body 10.06 presidents, total height 3.75 m, width 2.5 m, right side, 4m bandwidth, can pull lm. The manufacturer to rain experiment box body (including the lateral spread), full pull box when inclined to static experiment, high impact experiment, Meet the design requirements. When our car modified in the rear car modification, rear skirt do for design of dress, car tilting such modified normal operation technical parameters for the final horn, left: from high 437mm, driving the minimum distance from the ground. Minimum turning radius, the vehicle 9.65 m.
Bodywork layout design
The number of hull layout including partition door, the work area, etc. According to the practice of the body, broadcastIs divided into three separate areas: director area, centralization, audio area. With the setting TV production, more standardized, scientific and set each region also distribution and the corresponding locations.
電視轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)車(chē)體的設(shè)計(jì)要求
車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)介紹
安裝轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)是一項(xiàng)綜合性的系統(tǒng)工程，車(chē)體是這個(gè)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。在整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)中，車(chē)體部分承載了所有轉(zhuǎn)播錄制所需要的視頻、音頻及周邊設(shè)備，提供了室外工作的場(chǎng)所。不僅如此，車(chē)體還必須保障設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)行和順利轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn);其設(shè)計(jì)的好壞，不僅直接影響節(jié)目制播任務(wù)的完成，還關(guān)系到運(yùn)送整個(gè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的安全。
車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)，是在轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中最先考慮的，也是首先要做的;它的好壞直接關(guān)系到以后其他系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。
車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)該按照轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)的設(shè)備規(guī)模和使用目的來(lái)選擇;一般是安裝攝像機(jī)的訊道數(shù)越多，車(chē)體也就越大。按照前章所述，使用8臺(tái)攝像機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)，可以考慮選擇中型轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)。鑒于電視轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)常常面臨的惡劣外部環(huán)境，以及考慮到承載設(shè)備的嬌貴性和轉(zhuǎn)播任務(wù)的特殊性等諸多因素，轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)車(chē)體在改裝時(shí)必須對(duì)車(chē)的底盤(pán)、車(chē)體結(jié)構(gòu)等一系列項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行周密的全盤(pán)考慮，通過(guò)特殊設(shè)計(jì)和精心加工，才能夠滿(mǎn)足電視轉(zhuǎn)播的基本要求。下面給出車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)要求。
轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)的安全性能必須符合國(guó)家汽車(chē)行業(yè)的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，車(chē)廂體加工及底盤(pán)采用國(guó)外轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)廠加工技術(shù)，外型尺寸及有效載荷必須符合國(guó)家交通部門(mén)的相關(guān)法規(guī)。車(chē)頭和底盤(pán)選型要求:國(guó)際知名品牌的高端產(chǎn)品，底盤(pán)的載重應(yīng)在裝載所有設(shè)備的情況下留有20%以上的載重余量，引擎不小于200馬力，空氣懸掛設(shè)計(jì)，電子限速85KM/h，液壓控制駕駛系統(tǒng)，空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)，配備ABS(剎車(chē)防抱死)，尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合歐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，車(chē)寬2.5米。
車(chē)廂體要求:
廂體總長(zhǎng)10-11米，整車(chē)高不超過(guò)3.8米，寬2.5米，右部有4米長(zhǎng)的側(cè)拉箱。廂體使用年限十五年以上，車(chē)廂體框架由鋁合金夾層結(jié)構(gòu)組成，有較高的強(qiáng)度和絕緣性;所用材料要求是符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)保、阻燃材料。整車(chē)要求密封，防塵、防水、防銹、防腐蝕，防電磁干擾、防靜電;集成后必須對(duì)廂體進(jìn)行淋雨實(shí)驗(yàn)(包括側(cè)拉箱展開(kāi)后)，滿(mǎn)荷時(shí)進(jìn)行靜態(tài)側(cè)傾斜實(shí)驗(yàn)，防高壓沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn)。外表面采用環(huán)保型高強(qiáng)度耐用產(chǎn)品油漆，整個(gè)噴漆過(guò)程在烤漆房進(jìn)行。車(chē)體加工后，要求車(chē)輛有合適的離去角、最后端離地高、行駛中最小離地間距、整車(chē)最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑等基本技術(shù)參數(shù)。
車(chē)體布局設(shè)計(jì)要求:空間布局合理，并充分考慮攝像機(jī)、鏡頭、耳機(jī)、三腳架、備用線纜、話(huà)筒、工具等設(shè)備器材及其附件的存放空間。對(duì)于非車(chē)內(nèi)固定設(shè)備應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮合適的攜帶方案。
在國(guó)家車(chē)輛標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)，空間盡可能的寬敞，車(chē)廂體內(nèi)部?jī)舾咦畲蠡?，非?cè)拉部分內(nèi)部?jī)舾?.2米，側(cè)拉廂部分內(nèi)部?jī)舾咂?.0米，車(chē)廂體外高成4米。
按照節(jié)目制作的不同工種劃分工作區(qū)，科學(xué)合理的利用空間。各工作區(qū)之間應(yīng)當(dāng)
有隔斷，并有通行門(mén)，音頻區(qū)的裝飾符合廣播聲學(xué)要求。
車(chē)頭和底盤(pán)選型
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，車(chē)頭和底盤(pán)一般是連在一起選購(gòu)的，首先要計(jì)算整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)的載重量，然后加上自重，計(jì)算出其最大總質(zhì)量;選擇總承重略大于計(jì)算值的型號(hào)叫。
以此設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算為例(以下數(shù)據(jù)為半湘各估算值):
車(chē)總重二電子設(shè)備標(biāo)稱(chēng)總重(1噸)+內(nèi)部電纜和連接頭總重 (0.3噸)十外部
電纜及電纜盤(pán)總重 (0.5噸)+空調(diào)設(shè)備和電源總重(l噸)+含側(cè)拉廂后車(chē)廂體總重(5噸)+車(chē)底盤(pán)總重(5.5噸)=13.8噸;最大裝載質(zhì)量17.25噸。
另外，要考慮任務(wù)目的地道路通行狀況和當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩憝h(huán)境;對(duì)于多山地或者道路條件較差的環(huán)境，應(yīng)選擇輸出功率較大的引擎和擁有較大接近角和離去角竺的底盤(pán)(在車(chē)體改裝后，這部分參數(shù)會(huì)變化);為了保護(hù)承載的精密設(shè)備，應(yīng)選擇帶有空氣懸掛設(shè)計(jì)的底盤(pán)(增加空氣懸掛系統(tǒng)，能有效地增加汽車(chē)行運(yùn)中的穩(wěn)定性和在必要時(shí)增加汽車(chē)的最小離地間隙右、加大汽車(chē)的離去角。通過(guò)計(jì)算比較，對(duì)車(chē)頭和底盤(pán)的選型為:德國(guó)MANLE18.280車(chē)頭和底盤(pán)，最大裝載質(zhì)量18噸，最高輸出功率280馬力，電子行最高車(chē)速85k:/h，尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)到要求，底盤(pán)為雙軸制動(dòng)，后橋有空氣懸掛系統(tǒng)(調(diào)整范圍到80mm-14Omm)，接近角(18.5°)，離去角(6.5°)，有液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，有ABS系統(tǒng)。
車(chē)體類(lèi)型及廂體設(shè)計(jì)
車(chē)體類(lèi)型選擇依據(jù)技術(shù)要求，此轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)按照中型車(chē)體選擇建造。目前，供我們選擇的車(chē)體有兩種類(lèi)型:拖掛箱體式車(chē)體和直掛箱體式車(chē)體。直掛箱體式車(chē)體是箱體直接被安置在車(chē)輛底盤(pán)上。拖掛箱體式車(chē)體是僅有后軸(l個(gè)或幾個(gè))的，靠拖車(chē)頭來(lái)移動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)車(chē)體尺寸并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但有慣例。直掛箱體式車(chē)體要比拖掛箱體式車(chē)體的尺寸小，這是因?yàn)檐?chē)體尺寸由連在一起的運(yùn)輸工具決定，國(guó)家對(duì)這樣的車(chē)體長(zhǎng)度有一定的限定。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它采用的車(chē)體從8米到10米之間，車(chē)總長(zhǎng)達(dá)到10- 12米。拖掛箱體式車(chē)體采用的是13.6米的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車(chē)體，但長(zhǎng)度由于設(shè)計(jì)的需求可能或多或少。例如，有做到長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到18米以上的車(chē)體?？紤]到道路通過(guò)性，高度是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限制的，一般不能超過(guò)4米，通常的高度為3.7- 3.9米，寬度總是2.5米。由于本市和周邊城市的部分道路比較狹窄，許多場(chǎng)地周?chē)臻g狹小，并且大門(mén)較低，轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)要想到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)較近的地區(qū)工作，車(chē)型受到了限制。另外，設(shè)需求的訊道數(shù)適中，考慮到這些因素，因此選擇了帶側(cè)拉廂的直掛箱體式車(chē)體。直掛箱體式車(chē)體采用側(cè)拉廂技術(shù)，可以擴(kuò)大工作空間面積，減小車(chē)體的長(zhǎng)度和高度，使整車(chē)有較小的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑，和較好的道路通過(guò)性，增加車(chē)體移動(dòng)的靈活性。拖掛式車(chē)體龐大、重心較高，故穩(wěn)定度較差，不僅在市內(nèi)行車(chē)速度慢，即使在高速公路上也難與直掛車(chē)相比，還有拖掛箱體式車(chē)體對(duì)于公路和駕駛員的要求也很高。但是，直掛箱體式車(chē)體的轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)，其車(chē)底盤(pán)和車(chē)廂體是永久連接的;由于車(chē)箱體部分的可靠性加上車(chē)底盤(pán)的可靠性是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的可靠性，因此其正常行駛的可靠性降低了。不過(guò)，可以在車(chē)內(nèi)配備拖鎖，以備萬(wàn)一。
車(chē)廂體設(shè)計(jì)
廂體設(shè)計(jì)是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)后續(xù)工作的基礎(chǔ)，它關(guān)系到轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)其它系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。在廂體設(shè)計(jì)的最初階段，要首先考慮選擇構(gòu)造廂體的材料，然后考慮車(chē)體布局、空調(diào)的需求和安裝、技術(shù)設(shè)備的擺放等等;同時(shí)在設(shè)計(jì)的細(xì)節(jié)上，必須考慮后續(xù)功能的完善。整個(gè)車(chē)廂體從設(shè)計(jì)到完工，至少需要4到5個(gè)月。各種工序都是有一定的順序，因此，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要有系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃和管理。車(chē)布局圖。車(chē)廂體的選材早期，轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)車(chē)廂體使用了大量的硬木作為它們的框架，這跟那個(gè)時(shí)期多數(shù)商用車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)一致;60年代開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向鋁骨架、鋁蒙皮的專(zhuān)用車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)方向。4轉(zhuǎn)半徑:汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)，汽車(chē)外側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向輪的中心、下面在車(chē)輛支承平面，軌跡圓半徑。轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)到極限位置時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)夯半徑為最小轉(zhuǎn)夸半徑?，F(xiàn)在，有了更好的玻璃鋼材料和更穩(wěn)定的鋁表面(鋁一鉻酸鹽處理)三明治夾層板材結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn);因此，大多采用這些新型材料和結(jié)構(gòu)去構(gòu)建整個(gè)車(chē)體，常規(guī)材料只是補(bǔ)充用作內(nèi)部?jī)?chǔ)物柜、出入口和其他附屬區(qū)域。
通過(guò)比較，玻璃鋼(GRP6或FRP6)或鋁表面材料的三明治夾層板材有輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)、具有可設(shè)計(jì)性、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、抗磁、絕緣、隔音等等多種優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
三明治板材，根據(jù)表層材料的不同，又分為:鋼表層材料和鋁/GRP表層材料。當(dāng)材料面積做的過(guò)大后，鋼表層材料會(huì)產(chǎn)生垂直折痕，而鋁/GRP表層材料連續(xù)(沒(méi)有折痕)。此外，鋁具有優(yōu)良之表面處理性，包括陽(yáng)極處理、表面化成處理、涂覆及電鍍等，因此，對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)播車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，選擇鋁表層或表層材料較為合適。
對(duì)于框架材料(不銹鋼和鋁)的選擇，我們充分考慮了多方因素。不銹鋼焊接的接頭具有很高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、剛性和抗疲勞性，能滿(mǎn)足對(duì)于車(chē)體整體性結(jié)構(gòu)的需求。其中奧氏體不銹鋼日具有優(yōu)秀能量吸收能力，考慮到安全構(gòu)造，它是當(dāng)選的材料。在整車(chē)成型后重量比較上，選用鋼材料比鋁材料略微重10%。通過(guò)綜合比對(duì)，車(chē)體板材選型為:鋁表層的三明治夾層板材和金屬混合結(jié)構(gòu)的車(chē)體。該車(chē)體采用奧氏體不銹鋼型材做車(chē)身骨架結(jié)構(gòu)(采用不銹鋼材是因?yàn)椴讳P鋼材比鋁合金容易焊接)，用鋁表層的三明治夾層板材做車(chē)體板。對(duì)于車(chē)體窗戶(hù)和門(mén)，選擇GRP表層的三明治夾層板材。廂體側(cè)面三明治夾層板材總厚50mm，廂體頂部三明治夾層板材總厚55mm，整個(gè)廂體的加固部分及儲(chǔ)物箱采用一定厚度的不銹鋼。這種新設(shè)計(jì)的車(chē)體結(jié)構(gòu)充分發(fā)揮了兩種材料的長(zhǎng)處，使新車(chē)體比目前國(guó)內(nèi)其它車(chē)體，具有更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)車(chē)體的重量比傳統(tǒng)的車(chē)體減輕40%;鋁/GRP材料三明治夾層板材的隔音特性，使車(chē)廂內(nèi)非常安靜;車(chē)體由于是框架結(jié)構(gòu)，可隨意布置分區(qū);車(chē)廂體采用的三明治板材含有特殊的自維持三明治超級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)度高，結(jié)構(gòu)具有很好的抗沖擊和支持能力，保證了車(chē)體結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性，可減少維護(hù)費(fèi)用。另外，車(chē)體內(nèi)部木制儲(chǔ)物柜、臺(tái)面的邊緣木條鑲邊材料的選擇為，被加工處理過(guò)的硬木，以防蟲(chóng)和防潮;同時(shí)紗窗等織品應(yīng)選人造的而非天然的。
車(chē)廂體的加工和設(shè)計(jì)
當(dāng)詳細(xì)的一程圖完成后，車(chē)體的框架就可以從里至外開(kāi)始建造了。從車(chē)體設(shè)計(jì)至完工大概需要4至5個(gè)月，這時(shí)要考慮所有設(shè)備的購(gòu)買(mǎi);如果計(jì)劃考慮周全，在車(chē)體完工時(shí)，便可安裝設(shè)備了。加工的初期，車(chē)骨架首先被固定在車(chē)底盤(pán)的鋼架土。對(duì)于特種車(chē)車(chē)體來(lái)說(shuō)，底盤(pán)的鋼架和車(chē)體之間采用特殊的彈性粘合劑填充，可以保證車(chē)體的多種部件長(zhǎng)久地保持在他們相對(duì)固定的位置上，延長(zhǎng)車(chē)體的壽命。廂體時(shí)，工程師將大塊三明治板材按設(shè)計(jì)要求(門(mén)、窗和維修平臺(tái)等)，計(jì)算后，切挖出不用的部分，然后固定全車(chē)底盤(pán)上。對(duì)于不同
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