高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 作文分類指導(dǎo)十二 議論文寫作課件 新人教版

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1、 議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。論點、論據(jù)、和論證是不可缺少的三要素。近年來，高考英語書面表達(dá)中對開放性議論文文體的考查有遞增趨勢。傳統(tǒng)的書面表達(dá)是一種控制性寫作，即通過表格、圖畫以及文字等進(jìn)行要點提示，并規(guī)定作文的人稱、時態(tài)、文體等；而開放性議論文則給出一定的素材或話題，讓考生在此基礎(chǔ)上自由發(fā)揮，對所給材料進(jìn)行判斷、論述和發(fā)表個人觀點。這種試題有利于體現(xiàn)學(xué)生個性發(fā)展和思維的靈活性，符合新課程的理念。對于絕大部分開放性議論文，基本上適宜用“三段式”的寫法，具體來講就是： 第一段：開頭引論。用以引出一個令人關(guān)注的問題(topic)，闡明觀點或看法。 第二段：主體本論。

2、全文的主要部分，對提出的問題進(jìn)行分析、推論(supporting sentences)，運用材料對觀點進(jìn)行論述，使論點得到足夠的支持。 第三段：結(jié)尾結(jié)論。對主體部分內(nèi)容作出概括，明確論點所要解決、論證的問題。有時則是提出建議或給出解決問題的方法或策略。 議論文的寫作較之于其他體裁的文章相對有規(guī)律可循。而且文章的開頭具有一定的共性，行文中段落的過度和觀點之間的轉(zhuǎn)化也極具相似之處。因此使用規(guī)律性的語句不但可以顯得條理清楚，而且可以提高文章檔次。 議論文常用的邏輯聯(lián)系詞：in my opinion, personally, for the sake of, clearly, obviously, s

3、urely, undoubtedly, hence, moreover, besides, in addition, whats more, additionally, furthermore, generally speaking, last but not the least，in short, all in all, in conclusion, in brief 等。句首常用語： We have had a discussion about whether We have had a survey on.Different people hold different opinions

4、onPeople have taken/adopted different attitudes towards. 段落過渡常用語： Others have different opinions.Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise.Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to., but forty percent of the students dont think so.H

5、owever, .of them hold a different view./.of them hold the opposite opinion.People who are against it dont think so.句尾常用語：As far as I am concerned， I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.In a word， the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of.Only in this way, can.in the fut

6、ure. 假設(shè)你將參加某英語雜志社開展的一次征文活動，征文的內(nèi)容要求你在電視、手機(jī)(cell)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)三者中，放棄其中一個并陳述理由。請你以“Which would you give up：TV，cell，or Web？”為題，寫一篇英語短文。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2 .可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Which would you give up： TV， cell， or Web? We are now living in an information age， in which TV， cells and the Web are widely used. It seems that

7、many people cannot enjoy themselves without them. However， if I had to give up one of them， I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet. I could do without TV because few shows take my fancy and therere too many commercials. Besides， most programs on TV are also av

8、ailable elsewhere. As for cells and the Web， they are more necessary to me. I need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family， and almost all information can be gathered on the Internet. 行文邏輯：提出觀點闡明原因得出結(jié)論。有效地使用了關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如however，besides等。詞匯短語：運用了豐富的短語和句式。如give up，turnoff/switch off，do without(TV)

9、，as for，keep in touch with 以及would do sth.rather than do sth.等。句式句法：使用了較多的復(fù)合句。如第一句用in which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；第二句It seems that.中it 為形式主語，而that從句作真正的主語；第二段中用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。此外還恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用了被動語態(tài)。如第一句中的are widely used，最后一句中的can be gathered。 美國耶魯大學(xué)法學(xué)院華裔教授蔡美兒(Amy Chua)的新書虎媽戰(zhàn)歌(The Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mothe

10、r)記錄了她用嚴(yán)格的中式教育方法培養(yǎng)孩子的經(jīng)歷，引起了美國時代周刊等全球媒體關(guān)于東西方教育觀念的討論，其中的焦點之一是：“教育是否應(yīng)該是快樂的？” 請你為學(xué)校的英文校報寫一篇文章，向同學(xué)們介紹這本新書以及由其引發(fā)的討論，并表達(dá)你自己的觀點。要求：1.要表達(dá)清楚正反方的觀點，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯；2.詞數(shù)120左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 正方 反方教育應(yīng)該激勵孩子快樂成長，應(yīng)該讓他們享受只有在童年時期才能擁有的幸福。真實的人生就是快樂與痛苦同在，在童年時期也需要為此做好準(zhǔn)備。 A debate heated up recently, thanks to Amy Chuas book

11、about a Chinese “tiger mother”. A debate heated up recently, thanks to Amy Chuas book about a Chinese “tiger mother”. In her latest book entitled “The Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mother”, Amy describes how she adopts traditional Chinese methods to educate her children, which is considered by many western

12、ers to be too hard and inhuman. One of the issues being discussed after the book was published is whether early education should focus on childrens happiness. Those supporting the idea argue that early education is intended to help children grow up in a cheerful atmosphere and inspire them to better

13、 themselves in an all-round way. Therefore we should allow children to enjoy the happiness which can only be found during their childhood. On the contrary, people holding the opposite view insist that since in reality life is full of happiness and pain, children should be well prepared for that even during childhood. Otherwise, they would find it hard to adapt to life in the future. In my opinion, just as Confucius said, education methods should be adopted based on individual personalities. Moreover, educators should respect children as independent human beings.