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1、第二章語法填空第二章語法填空第一節(jié)純填空題的解題技巧第一節(jié)純填空題的解題技巧專題一限定詞專題一限定詞限定詞包括冠詞和代詞。冠詞有三個:限定詞包括冠詞和代詞。冠詞有三個:a,an,the。廣東高考中??嫉挠⒄Z代詞有人稱代詞、物。廣東高考中??嫉挠⒄Z代詞有人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、相互主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞六種。代詞六種。1人稱代詞。人稱代詞。人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。主格有人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。主格有I,you,he,she,it,we,they,通常用作主語;賓格有,通常用作主語;賓格有me,you,him,her,it,us,them,常用
2、作賓語,常用作賓語或表語。或表語。一、基礎(chǔ)知識一、基礎(chǔ)知識2物主代詞。物主代詞。物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。前者有代詞之分。前者有my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their;后者有;后者有mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs。(1)形容詞性物主代詞可用作定語。形容詞性物主代詞可用作定語。(2)名詞性物主代詞可用作主語、賓語或表語。名詞性物主代詞可用作主語、賓語或表語。注意:注意:物主代詞不可與物主代詞不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,
3、several,no,each,every,such,another,which等詞一起前置修飾一個名詞等詞一起前置修飾一個名詞,必須用雙重所有格必須用雙重所有格,如:如:a friend of mine,a photo of my familys。3指示代詞。指示代詞。指示代詞包括指示代詞包括this,that,these,those以及以及it,such,same等詞,在句中通常用作主語、賓語、表語等詞,在句中通常用作主語、賓語、表語或定語或定語。4反身代詞。反身代詞。反身代詞可用作賓語、表語、主語的同位語或賓反身代詞可用作賓語、表語、主語的同位語或賓語的同位語。其構(gòu)成如下:語的同位語。其
4、構(gòu)成如下:(1)第一、二人稱反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞第一、二人稱反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞加加self/selves構(gòu)成,如構(gòu)成,如Imyself,weourselves,youyourself(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)yourselves)。( 2 ) 第 三 人 稱 反 身 代 詞 由 人 稱 代 詞 賓 格 加第 三 人 稱 反 身 代 詞 由 人 稱 代 詞 賓 格 加self/selves構(gòu)成,如構(gòu)成,如sheherself,hehimself,ititself,theythemselves,oneoneself。注意:注意:反身代詞不能單獨(dú)用作主語反身代詞不能單獨(dú)用作主語。5不定代詞。不定代詞。
5、不定代詞是指沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞不定代詞是指沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞,如或形容詞的代詞,如all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由以及由some,any,no,every和和body,one,thing構(gòu)成的構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞復(fù)合詞。6it的特殊用法。的特殊用法。(1)it可指代天氣、時間、季節(jié)、距離、環(huán)境、可指代天氣、時間、季節(jié)、距離、環(huán)境、情況等。情況等。(2)it可代替不定式、可代替不定式、Ving形式或在從句中作形形式或在
6、從句中作形式主語或形式賓語,以保持句子的平衡。式主語或形式賓語,以保持句子的平衡。(3)it可構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“it is/was強(qiáng)調(diào)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他部分其他部分”,其中,其中it無實義。無實義。技巧一、文中句子如果缺主語或賓語技巧一、文中句子如果缺主語或賓語,則斷則斷定要填代詞或名詞定要填代詞或名詞(多為代詞多為代詞)例例1 Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes_walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.
7、二、解題技巧二、解題技巧 but前后是兩個并列句前后是兩個并列句,很明顯后面的很明顯后面的句子缺主語。根據(jù)上下文邏輯句子缺主語。根據(jù)上下文邏輯,此處需要用人稱此處需要用人稱代詞代詞they指代前面的指代前面的other people。很多學(xué)生沒能。很多學(xué)生沒能準(zhǔn)確判斷出此處所需代詞的指代對象準(zhǔn)確判斷出此處所需代詞的指代對象,誤填了代誤填了代詞詞he。解析:解析:答案:答案:they例例2“Sir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like_?” 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷l(xiāng)ike后缺少賓語。由后缺少賓語。由上文上文“the water
8、was awful”可知是問為什么假可知是問為什么假裝喜歡水裝喜歡水,水為不可數(shù)名詞水為不可數(shù)名詞,故由代詞故由代詞it代替。代替。解析:解析:答案:答案:it the特指最后的那一排;另外一個判特指最后的那一排;另外一個判斷方法是在序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。斷方法是在序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。解析:解析:答案:答案:the技巧二、如果名詞前是空格技巧二、如果名詞前是空格,且該名詞前無限且該名詞前無限定詞定詞,則考慮該空是否需要填冠詞則考慮該空是否需要填冠詞(a,an,the)或不或不定代詞定代詞(some,any,other,another,either,neither,less,more,little,f
9、ew,many,much)等等限定詞限定詞例例1 But she quickly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in_last row.例例2 We had_amazing conversation. 名詞前沒有限定詞名詞前沒有限定詞,此處此處conversation是第一次出現(xiàn)是第一次出現(xiàn),且為可數(shù)名詞且為可數(shù)名詞,又因又因amazing是是以元音音素開頭以元音音素開頭,因此填不定冠詞因此填不定冠詞an。解析:解析:答案:答案:an 名詞名詞student前面沒有限定詞前面沒有限定詞,很可能很
10、可能填限定詞填限定詞,由句意由句意“在這個學(xué)生走后在這個學(xué)生走后,這個老這個老師就讓師就讓(他諸多學(xué)生中的他諸多學(xué)生中的)另一個學(xué)生嘗嘗這種另一個學(xué)生嘗嘗這種水水”,泛指三個或三個以上中的泛指三個或三個以上中的“另一個另一個”,用用another。解析:解析:答案:答案:another例例3 After the student left,the teacher let_student taste the water.He spit it out,saying it was awful.技巧三、反身代詞表示技巧三、反身代詞表示“某某親自某某親自”“”“某某自己某某自己”的意思的意思空格在主語后,
11、句中不缺其他成分或者空格在動空格在主語后,句中不缺其他成分或者空格在動詞后,句中不涉及其他人或物時,考慮用反身代詞。詞后,句中不涉及其他人或物時,考慮用反身代詞。此外,必須牢記常用的含反身代詞的詞組。如此外,必須牢記常用的含反身代詞的詞組。如enjoy oneself,teach oneself,do sth.by oneself等。等。例例1 But its a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home,and no time to enjoy_ enjoy oneself 是固定搭配是固定搭配,句子主語,句子主語是是
12、“I”,故此處填入故此處填入myself。解析:解析:答案:答案:myself例例2 He Wei wont allow_much freedom this summer vacation,devoting her time to looking for a language school to learn French. 空格在動詞空格在動詞allow后后,句中沒有涉及句中沒有涉及其他人或物其他人或物,用反身代詞用反身代詞herself。解析:解析:答案:答案:herself(一一)閱讀下列文段,用適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~閱讀下列文段,用適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~(冠詞、代詞冠詞、代詞)填空填空。1To compen
13、sate for_unpleasant experiences in hospital,the man drank a little more than was good for_In the process,he e n j o y e d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h o r o u g h l y a n d k e p t telling_how much he hated hospitals.2_tramp may hunt,beg,or steal occasionally to keep_alive,he may even in times of real need,d
14、o a little work,but he will never sacrifice_freedom.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練hishimhimselfeveryone/everybodyAhimselfhis3The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do_early in the morning before_had got up.The selfdiscipline required to drag_out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual.4Last we
15、ek,_United Nations report said the world population is increasing at_amazing speed,_global w a r m i n g i s b e c o m i n g s e r i o u s a n d that_world can expect to feel the effects for centuries to come.themeveryonemyselfananthethe (二二)閱讀下列短文,用適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~填空。閱讀下列短文,用適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~填空。Some say that madness an
16、d genius(天才天才)often come hand in hand.1._is especially true of the Dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh.Van Gogh is famous for 2._amazing use of color and shape.Born in 1853,3._was painting at a time when art was changing.For centuries traditional artists had tried to make 4._paintings look real like phot
17、ographs.But in Van Goghs time art becameIthishetheirmore about the artists own ideas.If you see a Van Gogh painting,it may not look like the real world but 5._certainly conveys more about his artistic idea. Some of Van Goghs most famous paintings are of natural scenes and flowers,such as sunflowers.
18、He also painted many wonderful selfportraits(自畫像自畫像),which brought 6._a lot of fame.Van Gogh had 7._great gift for painting;however,he was a troubled man.At one point,he cut off 8._own ear.ithimahis Van Gogh is now one of the worlds most famous artists.But he died at the age of 37,alone and poor.Almost 9._ knew or cared about his art at 10._time.Although he was a great genius,he suffered greatly.Some say that his madness was what he paid for his art.nobody/no onethat