高考英語Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

.核心單詞識記思考運用一、單詞拼寫1.(2014湖南，閱讀B)It sounds fine in _ (理論)but its not easy to carry it out.2.They created one of the new _ (體系)of teaching foreign languages.3.(2015天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy _ (氣氛)where his employees enjoy their work.4.*He got hold of the rope and _ (拉)hard.5.*(2015新課標全國，閱讀D)If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldnt _ (存在). theorysystemsatmospherepulledexist二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.*(2015江蘇，閱讀B)Many wastes produced in the producing process are _ (harm)as well.2.(2013四川，閱讀B)Soon afterward，waves _ (crash)over the boat，and it began to sink.3.One can make 18 by _ (multiply)3 and 6 (together).4.Is there always a conflict between science and _ (religious).5.*(2015北京，七選五)Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite _ (like)sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.harmfulcrashedmultiplyingreligionunlike6.*(2015四川，閱讀E)However，_ (physics)Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.7.*The _ (biology)saw some dead fish _(float)on the surface of the lake.8.(2015安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the _ (fundament)skill upon which school education depends.9.The _ (puzzle)expression on his face _ (puzzle)me.10.*The robbers hit them _ (violent).They couldnt bear it any more so they decided to answer _ (violent)with _ (violent).physicistbiologistfloatingfundamentalpuzzlingpuzzledviolentlyviolenceviolence三、開心詞場With the development of astronomy，people know more about the fundamental theory of climate，atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships are sent into space where theres no oxygen and gravity. 【聯(lián)想積累】“推，拉”家族pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力draw vt.&vi.拖，拉drag vt.&n.拖，拉，拽push v.&n.推，推動(力)后綴-ist必備名詞薈萃archaeologist 考古學(xué)家biologist 生物學(xué)家chemist 化學(xué)家physicist 物理學(xué)家psychologist 心理學(xué)家specialist 專家sociologist 社會學(xué)家scientist 科學(xué)家typist 打字員tourist 旅游者，游客 高頻詞鏈條reaction n.反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)react v.反應(yīng)exist vi.存在；生存existence n.存在；生存harmful adj.有害的harm n.危害；害處 vt.損害；傷害harmless adj.無害的unlike prep.不同；不像like vt.喜歡；adj.相像likely adj.可能的violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的violently adv.強烈地；激烈地；兇猛地violence n.暴力 .重點短語識記思考運用一、補全短語1._ time及時；終于 2.in _ turn輪到某人；接著 3.cheer _感到高興；感到振奮4.*break _突發(fā)；爆發(fā) 5.*prevent._阻止；制止 6.watch out _當心；提防inonesupoutfromfor二、短語填空1.(2013湖北，閱讀B)Sheila describes the adventure of _ Perri in a tiny town where her husband was doing research fieldwork.2.*The wall _ all the light.It should be pulled down.3._ sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.4.(2013陜西，24)The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will _.in time；in ones turn；cheer up；block out；break out；prevent from；give birth to；watch out for giving birth toblocks outWatch out forin time5.Youd better come up with a good idea to _ her _，otherwise she may give up halfway.6.A fierce fight _ between the two brothers just because of a small thing.7.Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week _.8.*Sometimes I think _ myself _ smoking and drinking is a very hard task.cheerupbroke outin its turnpreventingfrom【聯(lián)想積累】“動詞out”短語薈萃block out 擋住(光線)look/watch out 當心，提防find out 查出，弄明白try out 試用，試驗put out 撲滅run out 用完let out 泄漏，發(fā)出(聲音)die out 滅絕“動詞from”短語一覽keep/stop/prevent.from阻止；制止separate.from 把和分離開differ from 與不同suffer from 受苦hear from 收到的來信die from 因而死learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)result from 由于date from 始于時期benefit from受益于.經(jīng)典句式識記思考運用1.“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice _ gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大聲說，“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。”_(既然)you have done the thing，stop blaming yourself._(既然你已經(jīng)完成了)your homework，you can go to play basketball. now thatNow thatNow that you have finished2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear _ the shape would last _.地球變得如此激烈動蕩以至于不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。_(無論你是否喜歡這個意見)，Im going ahead with it.She was in doubt _(她是否正確). whetheror notWhether you like the idea or notwhether she was right or not【聯(lián)想積累】表示原因的連詞(短語)小結(jié)(1)now (that)相當于since，是連詞短語，用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，口語中經(jīng)常省略that。(2)because因為(語氣較重，常用于回答why的疑問句)。(3)since因為；既然(可與now that互換)，as因為(語氣較弱)。(4)for因為(并列連詞，引導(dǎo)一個分句，不能置于句首，表示進一步的補充說明)。(5)表原因的介詞短語：due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。.單元語法識記思考運用主語從句用適當?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞填空1.It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.2._ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.3.Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.4.It is still uncertain _ he is coming or not.5._ seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. whyThatwhatwhetherWhat【學(xué)法點撥】主語從句與形式主語it連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，通常用形式主語it代主語從句。連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可以用形式主語it代主語從句，也可直接在句首使用主語從句。單 詞 點 睛1.exist vi.存在，在于教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.他們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。(1)exist in存在于之中exist on靠為生There exist(s)/existed.某地有/存在(2)existence n.存在；生存come into existence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在單句語法填空/完成句子They cant exist _ the money hes earning.他們靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。When did the world come into _ (exist)?寫作佳句_ a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之間存在著代溝。答案onexistenceThere exists2.puzzle n.謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難高考例句(2015四川，閱讀E)People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.長期以來，人們對埃及人是如何搬動那么大的巨石一直感到困惑。(1)a puzzle一件讓人感到困惑的事情be in a puzzle不知如何是好be in a puzzle aboutbe puzzled about對迷惑不解(2)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；絞盡腦汁單句語法填空/完成句子Their reason for doing it is still _ puzzle to me.他們?yōu)槭裁锤赡鞘氯匀蛔屛屹M解。Im _ a puzzle as to what to do next.對于下一步該做什么我不知道。寫作佳句 The firemen _ the cause of the fire.The firemen _ the cause of the fire.消防隊員對這場火災(zāi)的起因困惑不解。答案ainwere in a puzzle about；were puzzled about 3.pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力高考例句(2013福建，閱讀A)When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom，they found the ring.當他們拉開我舊臥室的地毯時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個戒指。pull away(汽車等)開走pull down拆毀；摧毀pull in(車輛)進站?？?；靠邊?？縫ull out駛出；拉出，拔出pull up把拉過來；(使)停下單句語法填空/完成句子Look! The girl _ (pull)the toy along behind her.The train from London will pull _ at noon.從倫敦開出的火車中午要進站。寫作佳句 They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it _.他們在那個問題上陷得太深，難以自拔。答案is pullinginhard to pull out 短 語 點 撥1.in time 及時；終于；遲早高考例句(2014四川，閱讀B)We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.我們夏季到達，恰好趕上欣賞午夜太陽的奇景。in no time 立刻，馬上on time 準時at times 有時at a time 每次，逐一at one time 一度；曾經(jīng)at no time決不，從不寫出下列句中in time的含義I intended to catch the early train，but I didnt get up in time.Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.Working hard made him successful in time.答案及時遲早終于 2.prevent.from 阻止；制止教材原句They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。prevent/stop.(from)doing sthkeep.from doing sth阻止做某事keep.doing sth 使一直做某事protect.from保護不受侵襲；擋住；防御單句語法填空/完成句子What can we do to prevent the disease from _ (spread)to other districts?A possible war was finally prevented _ breaking out with their effort.一場可能的戰(zhàn)爭最終由于他們的努力而避免了。寫作佳句If you _，will you let me know ahead of time?如果你有事耽擱不能來的話，請?zhí)崆案嬖V我一聲好嗎？答案spreadingfromare prevented/stopped/kept from coming 特別提示：(1)在主動語態(tài)中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth中的from不可省略。(2)在被動語態(tài)里，這三個搭配中的from均不可省略。3.break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)高考例句(2014重慶，閱讀A)War broke out one evening.一天傍晚戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。break down毀掉；壞掉；(計劃/談判)失敗break up打碎；拆散；(會議)結(jié)束；分裂(解體)break off (使)停止；中斷；折斷break into強行進入(某處)單句語法填空/完成句子Should another world war break _，what would become of human beings?萬一另一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，人類將會發(fā)生什么事？We had to break _ the house as we had lost the key.因為我們弄丟了鑰匙，所以我們不得不破門而入。 寫作佳句 A fire _ in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.After a fire _in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.實驗室發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，很多設(shè)備被毀了。答案outintohaving broken out；broke out 特別提示：break out強調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、火災(zāi)等的突然爆發(fā)，一般不用于被動語態(tài)。 句 式 透 析教材原句 But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 倍數(shù)表達式：(1)倍數(shù)as.as.(2)倍數(shù)比較級than(3)倍數(shù)the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍數(shù)what從句單句語法填空/完成句子They have three times as many cows _ we have.他們擁有三倍于我們的奶牛。My house is twice the size _ my parents.我的房子面積是我父母的兩倍。寫作佳句 The room is _ that one.這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。答案asofthree times the size of/three times as large as/twice larger than