【word教案】幼兒園大班英語(yǔ)教案合集70
【word教案】幼兒園大班英語(yǔ)教案合集70,word教案,word,教案,幼兒園大班,英語(yǔ)教案,70
句型“Where? is … ? /Here? it? is”????
Teaching? aids :??
1. 能夠理解句型“Where? is … ? /Here? it? is” 。??
2.能積極參與游戲活動(dòng),激發(fā)幼兒對(duì)英語(yǔ)活動(dòng)的興趣。??
Teaching? arms :??
教學(xué)實(shí)物(記號(hào)筆、軟面超、書(shū)包、筆、紙等)???
Teaching? procedures :??
一、? Warm? up???
Greeting???
T :? Hello . Good? morning , boys? and? girls .??
C :? Hello . Good? morning , Kim .??
T :? What’s? the? weather? like? today ???
C : It’s? Sunday .T :? Who? is? not? here ???
C : Nobody .??
二、To? learn???
1.? 復(fù)習(xí)句型句型“Where? is … ?”??
T :? Where? is? Tom ???
Tom :? I? am? here .???
老師多次詢問(wèn)**在哪,幫助幼兒復(fù)習(xí)句型句型“Where? is … ?”??
2. 游戲:猜猜看。??
將教學(xué)實(shí)物(記號(hào)筆、軟面超、筆、紙等)裝進(jìn)書(shū)包,請(qǐng)幼兒上前來(lái)摸書(shū)包中的實(shí)物,摸到一件說(shuō)出英文,幫助其復(fù)習(xí)單詞??
3. 學(xué)習(xí)句型“句型“Where? is … ? /Here? it? is””??
T :? Where? is? pen ? 將實(shí)物散落在桌子上,請(qǐng)一個(gè)幼兒上前,根據(jù)老師的指令找出相對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)物。??
T :? Here? it? is .???
(此過(guò)程可以重復(fù)多次,讓幼兒理解句型)??
4. 游戲??
(1)請(qǐng)五、六個(gè)幼兒手拿一件實(shí)物,聽(tīng)好老師的指令,當(dāng)說(shuō)到Where? is? pen,手拿pen的幼兒就向前一步,并說(shuō)Here? it? is . 找出相對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)物。??
(2)幼兒合作游戲,一個(gè)問(wèn)Where? is? pen?一個(gè)找到pen,并說(shuō)Here? it? is .???
三、Ending???
T : Today , we? learn? the? sentence“Where? is … ? /Here? it? is
大班英語(yǔ)教學(xué)What’s this ?
名稱:What’s this ???????
要求:1、能聽(tīng)懂句型“What’s this?”,會(huì)用“It’s a……”句型回答問(wèn)題。??
2、復(fù)習(xí)單詞:monky、ra it、cat、dog、panda、elephant、tiger、wolf、bird、fish??
3、學(xué)習(xí)新詞:sheep、lion??
準(zhǔn)備:錄音機(jī)、磁帶、背景圖、圖片、人手一份動(dòng)物卡片。??
過(guò)程:一、Please stand up.??
? Trun back.??
? Let’s say “Good morning,teacher.”??
? There’re many teachers at here,we’re ha y and gay.??
? Now. Let’s sing a song《Hello,Good morning》.??
? Turn back.??
? Sit down please.??
二、T: Today is Thursday.??
? What’s the weather like today???
? C: It’s fine.??
? T: On, it’ fine.??
? Let’s go to the zoo,ok???
? C: Ok!??
? T: Let’s riding in my car. Are you ready???
三、出示背景圖:??
1、? Oh, how beautiful it is???
Look, what’s this???
— It’s a panda.(集體 — 個(gè)2人)??
Yes, it’s a panda.??
What’s this???
??? — It’s a m&;#111nkey. (集體 — 個(gè)3人)??
2、? Now, listen.? T: “汪汪汪”,Who’s this???
—? It’s a dog.(集)(出示卡片)??
—? Oh, it’s a dog.??
T:“喵喵喵”,Who’s this???
—? It’s a cat.(集 — 第一、二組2人)??
3、Look, what’s this???
—? It’s a elephant.(集 — 男2、女1人)??
方法同上復(fù)習(xí)fish、bird、wolf、tiger。??
4、Who’s coming? Look, what’s this?(老師做兔跳)??
—? It’s a ra it.(4人)??
5、新授①出示“羊”的卡片。??
T: What’s this? Now, let’s read it together.??
? Please read after me,“sheep”.??
幼兒開(kāi)火車練習(xí),糾正錯(cuò)誤讀音。??
What’s this? Please go on.??
—? It’s a sheep.???
②出示“獅子”的卡片。??
學(xué)習(xí)“l(fā)ion”,方法同上。??
What’s this????
—? It’s a lion.(8、9人)??
四、Now, listen and act.???
1.老師說(shuō)英文單詞。??
幼兒找相應(yīng)卡片。??
排對(duì)看誰(shuí)又快又對(duì)。??
? monky、dog、ra it、bird、tiger、wolf、elephant、fox、lion 。??
? 2.Look and say.(按順序讀一遍)??
五、We’ll play a game:《The wolf is coming》.??
(老師:“The wolf is coming”幼兒要立即停止發(fā)出聲音,并蹲下,否則被狼吃掉)??
? T: Dog!??
? C:(學(xué)狗叫,四散跑)??
? T: The wolf is coming.??
? C:(停止發(fā)出聲音,蹲下)??
? ……………………??
(還可以讓幼兒輪流上來(lái)做)Who wants to try???
六、Now, it’s too late. Let’s go home.??
? Boys and girls, let’s sing a song《Good bye》.??
結(jié)束。
大班英語(yǔ)教案《How much》???
活動(dòng)目的和要求:1、復(fù)習(xí)句型:I put on my …I have …及兒歌“Traffic Lights”。重點(diǎn)練習(xí)句型:Show me a … How much??
2、培養(yǎng)幼兒對(duì)英語(yǔ)活動(dòng)的興趣。??
活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備:1、紅綠燈頭飾。錄音機(jī)、磁帶。??
2、情景布置:商店(各種貨物)??
活動(dòng)與指導(dǎo):1、師生互相問(wèn)好:“Good morning boys and girls.”??
“How are you?” “Fine, thank you?!??
“Nice to see you ?!??
2、師生互動(dòng),復(fù)習(xí)兒歌《Very good》《Ha y》《Give me five》??
3、組織幼兒做睡覺(jué)、梳洗、吃飯等動(dòng)作,復(fù)習(xí)句型:Let’s go to bed. It’s one o’clock…It’s seven o’clock. Get up. I put on my shirt …I brush my teeth .I wash my face…I have breakfast…??
4、師出示紅綠燈,提問(wèn):“What’s this?”It’s a red light.(yellow light\green light )??
5、幼兒游戲:乘車。師扮司機(jī),幼兒當(dāng)乘客。乘客逐一買票,詢問(wèn)司機(jī):“How much ?”司機(jī)回答后方可上車。放音樂(lè),帶領(lǐng)幼兒做開(kāi)汽車狀,練習(xí)兒歌:“Traffic Lights”??
6、師帶領(lǐng)幼兒回座位坐好。出示貨架、貨物等,進(jìn)行情景表演。師扮售貨員,幼兒扮顧客。售貨員:“賣東西啦,快來(lái)買好東西啦!”顧客:“Please show me a ball(pencil\pear\book…) ”售貨員:“Here you are.”顧客:“How much ?”售貨員:“One yuan…”幼兒依次進(jìn)行練習(xí)對(duì)話。鞏固句型:Show me a…How much???
7、放錄音,帶領(lǐng)幼兒做動(dòng)作結(jié)束活動(dòng)。
大班英文綜合活動(dòng) caterpillar butterfly ladybug
Lesson Plan??
Teaching content:???
Words: caterpillar? ladybug????
Sentences: Caterpillar is to be butterfly.??
Teaching aim:??
(1)? Help the kids learn the new words and sentence.??
(2)? Help the kids review:??
Words: Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday、a le、pear、banana、strawberry、orange、cake、biscuit、hamburger、ice-cream、peach、watermelon、fat、thin、hungry??
Chant: 《Season Chant》《A Week》??
Song: 《Morning Song》??
Teaching aids:??
(1) Picture cards: caterpillar、ladybug 、a le、pear、banana、strawberry、orange、cake、biscuit、hamburger、ice-cream、peach、watermelon??
(2) Real object: toy butterfly、yellow board、cotton.??
Teaching procedure:??
1、? Greeting: Say hello to all the guest teachers and make the? roll-call .??
2、? Warm up : (1) Song 《Morning Song》??
(2)Game 《Simon Says》??
3、? Presentation???
(1)? Talk about the weather、days and the season (Review the chant),tell the kids that there will be lots of i ects in? ring and summer with the warmer and warmer weather, such as ants 、 iders and so on. Guide the kids to find the i ects in the gra .??
Show and teach them the words: caterpillar and ladybug.??
Practice the words: whole cla —part—individual??
Game of the two new words:???
Listening game《Find your friends》??
eaking game《London Bridge is Falling Down》??
(2)? Caterpillar makes friends with the ladybug, they have a good time together(play some games). After a while, caterpillar feels a little hungry, he starts to eat: an a le、a pear、a banana、a strawberry、an orange、a cake、a biscuit、a hamburger、an ice-cream、a peach and a watermelon. Now the caterpillar become a fat one, not a tiny one any more. The caterpillar feels sleepy , so he build a small house and go to sleep.??
(3)? Tell the kids that if they can count the 7 days a week for two times, they will find the magic change of the caterpillar. (Review the days of a week).Show them the butterfly and teach them the new sentence with TPR.??
4、? Review??
? Today we know two new friends and we have a good time together, now it’s time to say goodbye (Sing the《goodbye song》 with the words: caterpillar and ladybug)
Do you like to eat
一、活動(dòng)目標(biāo):
1.初步學(xué)習(xí)單詞banana和orange,復(fù)習(xí)apple、pear的發(fā)音,復(fù)習(xí)歌曲Good morning.
2.初步感知sweet 和Do you like to eat? 的含義。
3.初步學(xué)習(xí)單詞,積極參與游戲,并大膽地說(shuō)。
二、活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備
水果藍(lán)一只,水果若干,手偶一個(gè)。
三、活動(dòng)過(guò)程
1.復(fù)習(xí)歌曲“Good morning to you.”
T: good morning, boys and girls. Let’s sing the song “good morning to you”, Ok?
C: Ok.
2.學(xué)習(xí)banana和orange.
T: Look! I have a beautiful basket. There are some fruits in it! Look, that’s…
C: 香蕉
T: Yes, This is a banana.
請(qǐng)幼兒跟讀
T:(嘗一口)Banana is sweet. Follow me. Banana is sweet. Do you like to eat banana?
C: Yes.
T: If you want to eat banana, Let’s sing the song “I like banana.” Ok?
C: Ok.
T: Ok, very good!
Act:
Monkey: Mrs. Gao, Miss Gao.
T: Let’s have a look, what’s coming?
C: Monkey.
T: Monkey, Yes!
M: I want to eat…(著急說(shuō)不出來(lái))
T: Oh, The Little monkey wants to eat the banana, but she can’t speak English.?
Can you say it in English? Let’s tell her together, Ok? Ok, what’s this?
請(qǐng)幼兒一起說(shuō):This is a banana
T: Yes, Monkey. Banana, Do you know?
M: Yes, I know.
T: If you want to eat the banana, you’ll say it in English once more. I’ll give?
it to you, ok?
M: Ok! I want to eat the banana.
T: Ok, here you are. Bye.
M: Bye, Thank you
T: You’re so great to help the monkey to solve the problem. Now I’ll introduce a?
good friend to you.?
QiQi (手偶琪琪): Good morning children. Today I bring you a kind of fruit, I’ll give?
it to you, but I want to tell you it’s English name before I give it to you. But?
I can’t speak English.
T: It doesn’t matter, Now, I’ll teach you the word. Then let’s teach Qi Qi?
together, Ok?
C: Ok.
T: Orange, orange, orange is sweet.
What do you like? Do you like to eat orange?
Please say it to your friends beside you.
請(qǐng)小朋友之間相互說(shuō):“I Like orange. This is an orange.
T: Now, Do you know what this is? What’s this?
C: Orange.
T: Ok, Let’s tell QiQi together. This is an orange.
Qi: I know I know. This is an orange. It’s for you.?
C: Thank you, Qi Qi.
Qi: You are welcome
T: Let’s play a game, I’ll ask one of you to touch in my basket. Then you’ll?
tell the other friends. What have you touched. Ok?
C: Ok.
T: What’s this?
C: Apple (orange, pear, banana).
T: Oh, The fruits are sweet. Do you want to eat?
C: Yes.
T: Ok, Let’s sing the song “I like fruits”, Ok?
C: Ok.?
T: Ok, before eating the fruit you must say: “I like…”, understand?
C: Yes.
T: Ok, come here.
音樂(lè)起,請(qǐng)全體幼兒一起來(lái),老師拿水果邊吃邊說(shuō),游戲結(jié)束。
一、? 延伸
1.請(qǐng)幼兒吃水果,看見(jiàn)水果時(shí)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出名稱。(生活中滲透)
2.將水果放在英語(yǔ)角,供幼兒用英語(yǔ)講述其顏色、名稱。(環(huán)境中滲透)
3.吃水果時(shí),家長(zhǎng)提醒孩子用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出水果的名稱。(家庭中滲透)
一.?? English? name:? finger?
二.?? Activity? content:
1.會(huì)說(shuō)finger
2.聽(tīng)懂What’s this?
三.Activity aims:
????????????? 1.讓幼兒聽(tīng)懂并學(xué)會(huì)finger
????????????? 2.讓幼兒知道手指的作用,有保護(hù)和清潔手的意識(shí).
四.Activity materials:手電筒一個(gè),手指娃娃五個(gè),廣告顏料若干,大白紙四張(上面畫(huà)好了大小不等的圓形),抹布四塊
五:Activity process:
????????????? Step Ⅰ:Warming up 熱身.復(fù)習(xí)chant.
????????????? eyes eyes qua qua qua ….
????????????? Step Ⅱ:手影游戲.
??????????? 1.???老師示范手的影子小狗,小鳥(niǎo).問(wèn)What’s?
??????????? this? 復(fù)習(xí)bird? dog.
??????????? 2.??讓幼兒自己嘗試用手指做影子.
???????????? Step?
??????????? Ⅲ:問(wèn)幼兒剛剛是用什么做的影子,引出手和手指.接著老師在手指上套上笑娃娃,引導(dǎo)幼兒和手指娃娃打招呼,Hello.新授手指finger.
???????????? Step Ⅳ:新授chant.
???????????????????? Finger? finger?? 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭
??????????????????? Finger?? finger?? 彎彎腰
??????????????????? Finger?? finger?? 親一親
???????????? Step Ⅴ:手指做畫(huà).
???????????????????? 問(wèn)幼兒手指可以干什么?引出手指作畫(huà).
??????????? 1. 老師示范用手指在畫(huà)好的圓上添成氣球,小雞,娃娃.
??????????? 2. 鼓勵(lì)幼兒大膽嘗試,自己添成不同的畫(huà)面.
??????????? Step Ⅵ:鞏固chant.
red light?
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:red light
教學(xué)目的:1.培養(yǎng)幼兒學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣.
???????? 2.培養(yǎng)幼兒對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)的理解能力及反應(yīng)能力.
?????????????????? 3.知道幾種常見(jiàn)的交通規(guī)則.
教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備:紅綠燈各一個(gè)、猴子,小熊的手偶各一個(gè)。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:1。師生相互問(wèn)好。A:Good morning? evrybody!B:Good morning Miss zheng .
??????????????? 2.TPR.
??????????????? Long lizard long? ,lying on a? log? ,
??????????????? look at the? lizard ,lying on a? log.
??????????????? 3.教師聲情并茂的講紅綠燈的故事,幼兒初步復(fù)習(xí)Red、Yellow、green、go等顏色的詞并初步感知Stop 、wait
?????????????? (1)小猴第一次經(jīng)過(guò)十字路口時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?
??????????????? (2)當(dāng)它很認(rèn)真看時(shí),什么燈亮了?它聽(tīng)到誰(shuí)在叫?小熊說(shuō)了什么?
??????????????? (3)小猴第二次經(jīng)過(guò)十字路口時(shí),什么燈亮了?他是怎么做的?小熊又是怎么說(shuō)的?
??????????????? 4.幼兒學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞Stop 、wait
???????????????? (1)幼兒與師邊念歌謠邊作動(dòng)作。停一停StopStopStop。等一等wait wait wait
????????????????? (2)你能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)說(shuō)我做了什么動(dòng)作嗎?
???????????????? 5.師朗誦童謠。
???????????????? 你聽(tīng)到了什么?你會(huì)說(shuō)嗎?
????????????????? 6。幼兒與師朗誦并表演童謠。
????????????????? 7。師小結(jié),新課結(jié)束Good evry one,see you agian.
run、play football 、jump rope??
一.活動(dòng)目標(biāo):??
1.學(xué)習(xí)單詞:run、 play football 、jump rope??
2.知道及能理解單詞的中文意思,能認(rèn)讀單詞。??
3.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)單詞能讓幼兒做相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作,來(lái)激發(fā)幼兒學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣。??
二.活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備:??
足球一個(gè),繩子一條,跑步動(dòng)作的圖片。??
三.活動(dòng)過(guò)程??
1、greeting??
t: hello,good morning,boys and girls!??
c: hello,good morning,mi? su??
2, to learn??
(1)t:what’s do you see???
c:足球。(教師出示足球)??
t:yes, football.read after me,please.??
c: football, football, football??
tk.do you like football????
c:yes.??
tk,let’s plaly football.(做踢足球的動(dòng)作)??
c: plaly football. plaly football. plaly football.??
(2)t:what am i do?(教師在跳繩)??
c: 跳繩.??
t:very good.read after me,please.jump rope.??
c: jump rope, jump rope ,jump rope.??
t:can you jump rope???
c:yes.??
tk,please read it loudy .??
c: jump rope, jump rope, jump rope.??
(3)t:boys and girls,please look at it.(出示跑步動(dòng)作的圖片)??
? what’s do you see???
c:跑步。??
t:yes, 跑步,run.??
c: run. run. run.??
3.play game???
t:now let’s play a game.i say chinese ,you say english.ok???
c:yes.??
4.小結(jié)。
she is my mother
??
She is my mother.
????????????? Total: 3????? Lesson: 2
Teaching purpose:? Use pronouns to identify people.
???????????????? Ask a ‘Who’ question
???????????????? Use adj to describe people.
Teaching difficulties: handsome, pretty, smart, naughty
???????????????? Who is this? It is me.
???????????????? Who is he? He is my father.?
He is handsome.?
I love my father.
Teaching procedures:
A: Revision
1. Singing: Hello, How are you?
???????? I like coffee
???????? Teddy Bear
2. A chant: grandfather, grandfather, old,
???????? grandmother, grandmother, healthy,
???????? father, father, handsome,?
???????? mother, mother, pretty,
???????? uncle, uncle, fat,
???????? auntie, auntie, slim,
???????? sister, sister, smart,
???????? brother, brother, naughty,
???????? I am lovely.
3.Tony’s family picture: Who is he? He is my father.
a.???? The teacher asks and the students answer.
b.???? Boys ask and girls answer.
c.???? Girls ask and boys answer.
4.Singing: Who is he?
B: Presentation
a.
1.??? A picture of myself:
T: Who is she?? Ss: She is Miss Zhang.
T: Yes, it is me.
2.??? Teach the new structure:? Who is this? It is me.
3.??? A picture of our class: ( All the students ask together, and the one who?
is in the picture should stand up and says: It is me.)?
?Ss: Who is this?? S1:It is me.
?
4.??? A Game: Look at the screen and the one appear on the screen?
should stand up and say the sentence.
Tony, Tony, can you see?
????????? Tony, Tony, it is me.
?
b.
1.??? Go back to Tony’s family picture.
2. father—father, handsome
mother—mother, pretty
sister—sister, smart
brother—brother, naughty
3.??? Draw the lines.
?naughty?????? smart???????? pretty???????? handsome
4.??? A Game: Who is handsome (pretty, smart, naughty) please come to the front?
then chant together.
e.g. Charley, Charley, handsome.
??? Harry, Harry, handsome….
5.??? Introduce Tony’s family members:?
???????
?Who is he?
????????
He is my father.?
He is handsome.?
I love my father.
??
6. Drill: He is my father.?
He is handsome.?
I love my father.
7. Look at your own pictures then do pairwork:
A: Who is she??
B: She is my mother.?
She is pretty.?
I love my mother.
8. Drawing: Draw a picture of your family, then introduce your family members.
e.g. She is my sister.
???????? She is smart.
???????? I love my sister.
大班英語(yǔ)公開(kāi)課:This little pig went to the market
?
上海冰廠田幼兒園碧云部? 鄒悅??
?
公開(kāi)活動(dòng):This little pig went to the market
?
目標(biāo):1、通過(guò)英語(yǔ)游戲及配對(duì)練習(xí),理解學(xué)習(xí)兒歌。2、體驗(yàn)兒歌的趣味性,通過(guò)情境游戲大膽地進(jìn)行表達(dá)表演。
準(zhǔn)備:英語(yǔ)CD,兒歌背景圖片,裝扮材料,?
?
流程:?
一、引出兒歌?
1、Warm up: 歌曲< To market>?
2、(教師出示兒歌背景圖片)T: I bring a picture today. What do you see??
(鼓勵(lì)幼兒大膽說(shuō)說(shuō)圖片上的內(nèi)容。)?
C:I see a happy pig./ I see a market./ I see a house and a sleepy pig.
?
二、理解學(xué)習(xí)兒歌?
1、T:What happened to these little pigs? Let’s listen to the rhyme together!?
(播放CD)欣賞兒歌第一遍?
T:What did you get from the rhyme???
2、T: Let’s enjoy it again! This time, listen carefully. How many pigs are there in the market? What did they do??
欣賞兒歌第二遍( 教師邊念邊表演)?
T:What did you get from the story??
(鼓勵(lì)幼兒大膽說(shuō)說(shuō)自己聽(tīng)到的兒歌內(nèi)容)?
幼兒說(shuō)到的內(nèi)容,教師完整朗讀句子2遍,幼兒跟讀。?
T: Which pig went to the market? 然后請(qǐng)一名幼兒送小豬回家,其中went to the market 和cried wee wee wee我會(huì)請(qǐng)幾名幼兒說(shuō)說(shuō)選擇的理由,Why you choose this little pig? 孩子們沒(méi)說(shuō)出來(lái)的內(nèi)容,我就直接提醒比方說(shuō)Which little pig had roast beef? 先請(qǐng)孩子送小豬,送好整體幼兒練習(xí)2遍,行么?)?
3、T: Let’s listen it again. Please help me put the number on the right pig. Which is the first/the second… (把字母貼在小豬身上排序,理清兒歌的順序。)?
貼好以后玩兩個(gè)游戲?
(1) 教師說(shuō)圖片內(nèi)容,幼兒說(shuō)圖片序列。然后交換?
T:Let’s play a game. I tell you the sentence. You tell me the number of it. For example I say: “This little pig went to the market.” You should tell me No 1.?
T:Now change. I say the number you tell me what the picture says.?
(2)玩法:幼兒分成兩組,面對(duì)面站立,一組報(bào)出一個(gè)號(hào)碼,另一組說(shuō)出圖片內(nèi)容,然后交換。我會(huì)準(zhǔn)備星星貼紙進(jìn)行計(jì)分。進(jìn)行一個(gè)小小的比賽。?
T:I’ll divide you into 2 groups. Group 1 stand here on the yellow line. Group stand there on the red line. Group 1 say a number. Group 2 should tell me what the picture says.?
4、完整念兒歌?
(第一遍我點(diǎn)背景圖片,幼兒按順序念兒歌;第二遍做動(dòng)作,鼓勵(lì)幼兒邊念兒歌邊做動(dòng)作。)
?
三、兒歌表演?
1、2組幼兒分別上前表演?
Group 1: You can clap your hands.?
Group 2: Come and show the rhyme to us. Ok??
Change?
2、Let’s play a game?
幼兒把自己裝扮成小豬,然后進(jìn)行游戲表演。
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