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1、語法語法專題一名詞和冠詞專題一名詞和冠詞-3-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一1.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,它包括抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞。下列名詞通常用作不可數(shù)名詞:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,glass(玻璃
2、),English,America等。(2017北京,閱讀理解)It combines fun with complex concepts.它把樂趣和復(fù)雜的概念結(jié)合在一起。-4-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一2.有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:glasses眼鏡,clothes衣服,goods貨物,trousers褲子,belongings所有物,wages工資,riches財(cái)富,surroundings環(huán)境,ashes灰塵,compasses圓規(guī),cattle牛,congratulations祝賀。有些固定搭配中的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:have words with
3、sb.同某人吵架,in low spirits 情緒低落,give ones regards to sb.向某人問候,in rags衣衫襤褸,have good manners 有禮貌。-5-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一(2017全國,A)Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.旅游期間,用來儲存財(cái)物的儲物柜可以使用。(201610浙江)Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of
4、 space between people reduces the cost of transporting goods,people,and ideas.”Glaeser認(rèn)為城市具有極強(qiáng)的生產(chǎn)力,因?yàn)椤叭伺c人之間的零距離降低了貨物、人口和思想的傳輸成本”。-6-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一3.有些名詞既可以用作可數(shù)名詞,也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。work當(dāng)表示“工作”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)表示“作品;著作”時(shí)則為可數(shù)名詞。room“空間”(不可數(shù)),“房間”(可數(shù));experience “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”(不可數(shù)),“經(jīng)歷”(可數(shù));paper“紙”(不可數(shù)),
5、“報(bào)紙、文件、試卷”(可數(shù))。(2016浙江名校協(xié)作體)200 senior students from different high schools all over the city gathered together,reciting their works and exchanging thought.全市來自于不同高中的200名高中生聚在一起,背誦他們的作品,并交換思想。-7-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一1.抽象名詞表示某種特性、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)、情感、情緒、思維等時(shí)通常為不可數(shù)名詞。若與定冠詞連用則表特指內(nèi)容,如the science of sound 聲
6、學(xué)。若泛指一般概念、意義,則不與任何冠詞連用。2.有些物質(zhì)名詞可以具體為有形或有數(shù)量的相應(yīng)物體,做單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)都可以。some coffee一些咖啡/a coffee 一杯咖啡,drink 飲料/two drinks 兩杯飲料,ice 冰/two ices 兩份冰激凌等。You should never put drinks near a phone.你應(yīng)當(dāng)永遠(yuǎn)都不要把飲料放到手機(jī)附近。-8-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一1.用在首次提到的人或物的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面,泛指某(一)個(gè)人或某(一)件事物。(2016全國)If you are a fruit growero
7、r would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.如果你是一位水果種植者,或者想要成為此類人,請利用蘋果節(jié)來了解相關(guān)情況吧。(2013福建)The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.“中國夢”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢,一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展之夢。2.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前相當(dāng)于every,表示“每一”。Its said John will b
8、e in a job paying over $60,000 a year.據(jù)說約翰將會(huì)有一份年薪超過60,000美元的工作。-9-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一3.在抽象名詞前可使抽象名詞具體化,表示“一場、一次、一件”。如:a success一件成功的事或一個(gè)成功的人,a surprise一件令人驚訝的事,a pity一件遺憾的事,an honour一個(gè)/件令人引以為榮的人/事,a comfort 一件令人欣慰的事。(2016全國)Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving t
9、hem a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.今天,三代人都認(rèn)為這次搬遷是件成功的事,這使他們的關(guān)系比以往住在不同城市更親密。-10-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一4.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。(2016江蘇)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(認(rèn)知的) skills,at least whe
10、n compared with chimps.又一原因是孩子的社交智力開發(fā)早于他們的總的認(rèn)知技能,至少與大猩猩比較起來是這樣的。-11-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一5.用在人名或者時(shí)間名詞前表示不確定的某個(gè)人或者某個(gè)時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于a certain。如:a Smith一個(gè)叫史密斯的人。(2014重慶)I cant tell you the way to the Wilsonsbecause we dont have a Wilson here in the village.我無法告訴你去威爾遜家的路,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)村子里沒有一個(gè)叫威爾遜的人。(2015四川)Brian
11、is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 布賴恩在音樂創(chuàng)作上很有天賦,他很有可能會(huì)成為一位像貝多芬那樣的音樂大師。-12-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一6.不定冠詞常用的固定搭配:all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事實(shí)上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措,茫然;be on a visit參觀,拜訪;be/go on a diet節(jié)食;give sb.a lift讓某人搭便車;have a gift for.在方面有
12、天賦;have a good time玩得開心;have a word with.與談話;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way從某種意義上說;make a living謀生;take a walk散步;take an interest in.對感興趣;take/have a rest休息一會(huì)兒-13-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一1.特指上文提到過的、特定的人或事物,或雙方都明確的人或事物。I have a car.The car is red.我有輛車。這輛車是紅色的。Pass me the book,please.請把那本書遞給我。2.用在名詞前表特指
13、或者表類別。(2016全國)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.沉默在不同文化中的意義是不同的。-14-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一3.用在世上獨(dú)一無二的事物之前。如:the moon,the Pacific Ocean。(2016年10月浙江)The simple fact is that we,who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe,may not be so.簡單的事實(shí)是,我們總是自以為自己是宇宙的主宰,或
14、許實(shí)際上并非如此。4.用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人。如:the rich,the living,the wounded。(2014天津)Life is like an ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.人生就如同海洋,只有那些意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人才能到達(dá)彼岸。-15-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一5.用于表示度量單位的名詞前。如:I hired the car by the hour.我按小時(shí)租了這輛車。6.用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級前。如:(2015課標(biāo)全國)Among the w
15、orks and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.在展出的作品和杰作中,參觀者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)最佳作品,最重要的是記憶的永恒這幅作品。-16-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一7.定冠詞常用的固定搭配:at the moment此刻,目前at the same time同時(shí)by the way順便說一下on the spot當(dāng)場make the best/most of.充分利用in the dis
16、tance在遠(yuǎn)處in the end最終the other day前幾天on the one hand.,on the other (hand).一方面,另一方面to the point中肯,切題-17-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一1.不可數(shù)名詞或者可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前,一般不加冠詞。(2016全國)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top attraction.但是對于像我這樣的游客,熊貓才是最吸引我的東西。2.稱呼語及表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞做表語、補(bǔ)足語及同位語時(shí),其前一般不加冠詞。(2012重慶)Sam has bee
17、n appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.薩姆已經(jīng)被委任為工程部的經(jīng)理來代替喬治。3.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐等的名詞前一般不加冠詞。Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年最好的季節(jié)。-18-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一4.零冠詞常用的固定搭配:in fact事實(shí)上 for example例如in danger在危險(xiǎn)中with pleasure高興地in time及時(shí)in fear恐懼地a
18、t work在上班at dinner在吃飯after school放學(xué)后at first起初at last最終by hand手工做的pay attention to注意set fire to放火take pride in以為豪take care of照顧take office就職take part in參加in town在城里keep.in mind牢記in trouble處于麻煩中on foot步行-19-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一catch sight of看見 on time按時(shí)lose weight減肥do harm to對有害-20-.根據(jù)提示或語境
19、完成句子1.(201711浙江)Its not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.Like many things in life,its an on-going process.2.(201711浙江)You wouldnt think that a few months(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and thats also true for building your vocabulary
20、you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.3.(20176浙江)For Pahlsson,its return was a wonder.4.(2017全國)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.-
21、21-5.(2017全國)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.6.(2017全國)This included digging up the road,laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.7.(2017全國)Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day as a model in New York.8.(2016
22、全國)Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.9.(2016全國)Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans(ocean).10.(2016全國)An evening with Simon will give you th
23、e confidence to be funny.-22-11.(2016全國)Another group built something out of their own imaginations(imagine).12.(2016全國)There are also varieties(vary) developed to suit specific local conditions.13.(2016北京)In the 1980s,electrical lines(line) and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out.14.(2016
24、全國)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.-23-.根據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給提示完成下面短文(2018山東德州高三期中)Blessed by the pleasant weather,the island province of Hainan is fast becoming known as “Chinas Florida”,1.drawing(draw)masses of retirees escaping the biting
25、cold of their hometowns.“At home in Harbin,it can be -30C;it is unbearable!But here the climate is 2.suitable(suit),” said a 71-year-old woman from the 3.extremely(extreme)cold province of Heilongjiang.She 4.has moved/ has been moving(move)each winter to Sanya over the past eight years.“Here the 5.w
26、armth(warm)is better for our health.We find so many people from our province 6.that we are sure we will not get bored” said Qi Ningxia,7.a 60-year-old man from Heilongjiang.-24-About 700,000 elderly people come to Sanya every winter,almost doubling 8.its(it)population.Nearly half of these “migratory birds”,9.as/which they are called,come from the northern provinces in China.The trend began in 2000 as people began buying Sanya apartments,opening business and persuading friends and family 10.to join(join)them,creating a snowball effect.
高三英語1 名詞和冠詞 新人教版
