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1、課時達(dá)標(biāo)(十四) Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與自然·宇宙奧秘探索 體裁 說明文 詞 數(shù) 193 難度 (2019·臨川一中月考)The sky is a large place, and though it has been carefully examined for centuries, new features still turn up. Last March it was the rule of Uranus(天王星), and last week astron

2、omers announced what may turn out to be a new planet, though a very small one, in the solar system. The object was first sighted last month by Charles Kowal, an astronomer at the Hale Observatories in Pasadena, Calif. Mr Kowal observed a faint trail of light on photographic plates, indicating that

3、something was moving in relation to the background of stars. Other observers have confirmed the discovery. The “mini-planet”， identified for the time being as “Object-Kowal”， appears to be about 1.5 billion miles away, between the orbit of Saturn and Uranus, and its diameter(直徑) has been estimated

4、at between 100 and 400 miles. Its orbit has not been determined yet, but if the orbit proves to be roughly circular, like that of the major planets, the new object would probably take 66 to 70 years to make a circuit of the sun. Some astronomers have speculated that Mr Kowal’s discovery may be the

5、first indication of an asteroid(小行星)belt beyond Saturn. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文介紹了目前在太陽系新發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能是一顆小行星的天體。 1．What may have been found in the solar system according to the first paragraph? A．A small new planet． B．A new solar system. C．A large new object． D．A large new planet. 解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，在太陽系中新發(fā)現(xiàn)了可能是一顆

6、小行星的天體，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．What the object is like． B．How the object was found. C．Where the astronomers live. D．Why the object was moving. 解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，天文學(xué)家Charles Kowal在照相底片上觀察到了一條淡淡的光亮路徑，指出有東西在相關(guān)的恒星后面移動，其他觀察者也證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以第二段主要講述了該行星是如何被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．What

7、 magazine might this passage be taken from? A．Astronomy． B．Industry． C．Spaceflight． D．Agriculture. 解析　A　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了目前在太陽系新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一顆疑似小行星的天體，這類文章最可能出自與天文學(xué)相關(guān)的雜志上，故選A項(xiàng)。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與自然·宇宙奧秘探索 體裁 記敘文 詞 數(shù) 328 難度 (2019·長沙一中開學(xué)檢測)A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mar

8、s represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for mic

9、robial(微生物的) life. NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers g

10、oing down the sides of cliffs(懸崖)．” The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dune

11、s(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of

12、liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain. “I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history，” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be crypt

13、ic or well hidden.” NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要講述了美國科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：火星上黑色的標(biāo)記是沙子而不是水。 4．What do

14、 American scientists find on Mars now according to their study? A．A lot of little life． B．An amount of water. C．Some Martian hills． D．Dark markings are sand. 解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上的黑色標(biāo)記是沙子不是水，故選D項(xiàng)。 5．When do the markings come out? A．In Martian spring． B．In Martian summer. C．In Martian

15、autumn． D．In Martian winter. 解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句可知，這樣的標(biāo)記會出現(xiàn)在火星的夏季，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars? A．Doubtful． B．Trustful. C．Indifferent． D．Objective. 解析　B　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段可推知，Meyer還是相信火星上有生命，故選B項(xiàng)。 7．What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Undiscov

16、ered． B．Strange. C．Magical． D．Icy. 解析　A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的or well hidden可知，cryptic的意思是“隱藏的；沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)的”，故選A項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ 七選五 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會·跨文化溝通、包容與合作 體裁 記敘文 詞 數(shù) 222 難度 (2019·沈陽適應(yīng)考)Soccer fans in rural Zambia are able to watch live 2018 World Cup broadcasts for the first time thanks to a Chinese company. The c

17、ompany helped the villagers get their first taste of satellite television through a project that aims to offer the service to villages in Africa. __1__ The youngsters really treasured this chance. The satellite television project started last August by the company StarTimes. __2__ It wants to help

18、African countries accelerate agricultural modernization and realize independent and sustainable(可持續(xù)的) development. __3__ According to a local newspaper, rural farmers will have access to monitoring weather patterns and market prices for agricultural products. Locals will be able to watch members o

19、f government and parliament during live broadcasts. The program is an example of how Chinese companies can make profits and be socially responsible at the same time. __4__ It also has its own channels that broadcast Chinese television programs such as talent shows, soap operas that have been dubbe

20、d(為……配音) into local languages, and other programs that attempt to introduce Chinese culture. To overcome the problem of power shortages in rural Africa, StarTimes will also provide television sets that will be outfitted with a solar power system. __5__ Besides political and economic exchanges, th

21、is kind of people-to-people interaction is a significant part of China’s efforts to increase its soft power and build a better global image. A．The company not only provides satellite equipment and services. B．Doing so will allow people to watch TV for six hours after sunset. C．Introducing more di

22、verse Chinese culture to Africa is also one of its goals. D．The service helps rural Africans keep up with current events and news. E．The Chinese company makes a healthy profit on this project while helping them. F．The company aims to provide digital television signals to 10,000 villages in Africa

23、. G．And primary school students in Zambia’s remote areas can also enjoy watching the World Cup. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要講述了一家中國公司幫助非洲一些農(nóng)村開發(fā)衛(wèi)星電視，使得當(dāng)?shù)厝四軌蚩词澜绫荣惖氖隆? 1．解析　G　并列關(guān)系。上文提到了幫助贊比亞當(dāng)?shù)卮迕袷状螄L試觀看世界杯，下文提到孩子們真的很珍惜這個機(jī)會，G項(xiàng)(贊比亞偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的小學(xué)生也能看到世界杯)符合語境，故選G項(xiàng)。 2．解析　F　順承關(guān)系。由上下文可知，空處與該公司進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)目的原因有關(guān)?？蘸笠痪涞腎t指F項(xiàng)中的The Chinese Comp

24、any，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與上下文銜接自然，故選F項(xiàng)。 3．解析　D　總分關(guān)系。下文介紹該項(xiàng)目幫助當(dāng)?shù)卮迕窀蠒r代的步伐，使他們能夠獲知天氣預(yù)報和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場價格以及看到現(xiàn)場直播中的政府官員和國會議員，故選D項(xiàng)(該服務(wù)幫助非洲農(nóng)民獲知實(shí)時新聞，與時代同步)。 4．解析　A　順承關(guān)系。上文介紹衛(wèi)星設(shè)施和服務(wù)，下文接著說它還有自己的頻道來介紹中國文化，只有A項(xiàng)(該公司不僅僅提供衛(wèi)星設(shè)備和服務(wù))能恰當(dāng)?shù)劂暯由舷挛模蔬xA項(xiàng)。 5．解析　B　順承關(guān)系?？涨爸v到“為了克服非洲農(nóng)村的電力短缺問題，公司還提供配有太陽能系統(tǒng)的電視機(jī)”，B項(xiàng)(這樣做讓當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谔柭渖胶筮€能觀看6個小時的電視)緊承上文，故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ

25、短文改錯 (2019·石家莊二中等聯(lián)考)My first stay at home alone was very memorable. One day when I was twelve, both my mother and father were away on the ① business, and I had to be all ② myself for two days. My parents left early the first day, ③ I got up soon after they left. The first evening I was a little ④，

26、so I turned on all the lights. I actually ⑤ the light on in my bedroom the whole night, ⑥ finally put me at ease. For fear of ⑦ up late the next morning, I put three alarm ⑧ near my bed and set the alarm respectively at 6：00, 6：10, and 6：15. In order to prove that I could take care of ⑨， I washed my

27、 own clothes the next day, though I could wait for Mom to do it. I really felt ⑩ of myself and thought I had grown up. ① 解析　on business出差，為固定搭配。 ② 解析　(all) by oneself單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自一人，為固定搭配。 ③ 解析　逗號前后為兩個完整的句子，應(yīng)用連詞連接，此處表示順承關(guān)系，故在I前加and。 ④ 解析　scared感到害怕的，通常用來形容人的感受，此處用來作表語。 ⑤ 解析　本文是在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。 ⑥ 解析　此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句，在從句中作主語，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)該從句。what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 ⑦ 解析　for fear of (doing) sth以免做某事，為固定搭配。 ⑧ 解析　clock為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的three可知，clock應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ⑨ 解析　當(dāng)句子的主語和賓語是同一人或物時，賓語要用反身代詞。 ⑩ 解析　feel在此處為連系動詞，其后接形容詞作表語。 6