(浙京津魯瓊專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版
《(浙京津魯瓊專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(浙京津魯瓊專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版(18頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、二、文章或段落大意題 (2019·6月浙江,C) Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素). Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorun
2、affected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent. Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowasthelead
3、authorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源). ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandh
4、iscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment. Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincompa
5、risonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪). Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewa
6、tersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason. 語篇解讀 文章主要講述了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現(xiàn)象,并分析了其原因。 27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout? A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia. B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees. C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests. D.Theinfluenceoffarmingonbig
7、treesinCalifornia. 答案 A 解析 段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知,該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性,故選A項(xiàng)。 28.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees? A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B.Banningwoodcutting. C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.
8、 D.Firecontrolmeasures. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Apetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).”可知,聲勢(shì)浩大的森林防火措施雖然一定程度上保護(hù)了森林,但同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致小樹泛濫,與大樹爭(zhēng)搶資源,從而導(dǎo)致大樹數(shù)量減少,故選D項(xiàng)。 29.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre? A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason. C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair. 答案 C 解析
9、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知,McIntyre認(rèn)為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫,故選C項(xiàng)。 30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone? B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon C.WhyAretheBigTreesImpor
10、tanttoCaliforniaForests? D.PatrickMcIntyre: GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia 答案 A 解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文可知,文章主要講述了美國(guó)加州森林中大樹數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象,并分析了其原因。因此A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。 一、題型解讀 說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類,都會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問形式常有: (1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/the passage/text? (2)Whatdoesthet
11、ext/passagemainlyfocuson? (3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout. (4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis. (5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson. 二、解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨 文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想,具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每段的主題句,各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句,各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯的主題句,主題句隱含在段意之中
12、,這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排,理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。 主題句的位置一般有以下幾種: (1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山,提出主題,用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想,是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。 (2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題,是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 (3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。 (4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為:細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。 以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門: (1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯(如however,but,
13、in fact,actually等)時(shí),該句很可能是主題句。 (2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn),通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。 (4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞。 例如:【真題感悟】中第27題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知,該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性,故選A項(xiàng)。
14、 A (2019·河北衡水中學(xué)押題卷二) Astheparentofa7-year-oldboy,sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary,Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”.Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences,invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoo
15、much“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious,overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives. ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo:365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople-PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade-oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust-readbookforthoseofu
16、swhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity,confidenceandkindness. Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people-pleasers”.Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself-respect,holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownn
17、eedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople-pleasers,“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker,”Newmanwrites. 8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer,forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundarie
18、s.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends,atwork,withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios,Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills. Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou?It’sOKiftheansweris“no”,butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiv
19、eReadingListshelf. 語篇解讀 在日常生活中,說“是”意味著讓自己接受新的體驗(yàn),迎接新的或更深層次的關(guān)系。但是,太多的“是”會(huì)讓我們感到焦慮、過分受約束、無力在生活中設(shè)定和維持界限。本文建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說“不”。 1.WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1? A.Toblamehimself. B.Toshowhowtoguidekids. C.Totellhislikesanddislikes. D.Tohelprecommendabook. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題
20、。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Buttoomuch‘yes’leavesanyofusfeelinganxious,overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者在第一段中包含了他自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷是為了推薦一本書。故選D。 2.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3? A.Howtodealwitharequest. B.Whyaskersturntoothersforafavor. C.Whypeople-pleaserssay“yes”
21、toooften. D.Howtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers. 答案 C 解析 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife‘people-pleasers’.”和“Forpeople-pleasers,‘yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker,’Newmanwrites.”可知,第三段主要談?wù)摰氖恰盀槭裁慈倓e人的人總是說
22、‘是’”。故選C。 3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean? A.Occasions. B.Processes. C.Adventures. D.Stories. 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends,atwork,withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考慮了朋友、工作、家庭和養(yǎng)育子女之間的關(guān)系。)Readingthroughthescenarios,Irealizedtheyhav
23、esomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy‘no’skills.”(通過閱讀這些場(chǎng)景,我意識(shí)到他們有一些共同的事情,這些事情立即開始幫助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知畫線詞的意思是“場(chǎng)合,場(chǎng)景”。故選A。 4.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo? A.Givenoresponsetoanydemand. B.Learntosay“no”inapositiveway. C.Keepopenallchannelsofcommunication. D.Say“yes”consta
24、ntlywithoutfeelingguilty. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou? It’sOKiftheansweris‘no’,butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知,作者建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說“不”。故選B。 B (2019·山西大學(xué)附中模擬) BluePlanetⅡ’slatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanands
25、lowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,theoceansaredrowninginplastic. Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics,consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinventio
26、n.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s;thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience. Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwes
27、tilldon’treallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow,though,is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundw
28、ithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent. Andit’snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,w
29、orthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者),atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit,wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem. Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon’tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknow
30、howtodispose(處理) ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentaken3collectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference. 語篇解讀 這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了《藍(lán)色星球Ⅱ》的最新一集關(guān)注的是塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響,如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人
31、員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn),生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確,海洋被塑料淹沒了。 5.Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience? A.Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult. B.Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal. C.Theworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics. D.Plasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforscie
32、ncetocatchup. 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,雖然現(xiàn)在看來,沒有塑料世界是不可能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的,但消費(fèi)塑料卻是最近才發(fā)明的。第一個(gè)塑料袋是在20世紀(jì)50年代問世的,就在塑料包裝在美國(guó)開始流行的那十年里,塑料包裝的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)得如此之快,以至于科學(xué)仍在跟上這一變化。例如,塑料污染研究仍然是一門非常早期的科學(xué)。由此可知,塑料普及得太快了,科學(xué)跟不上。故選D。 6.HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3? A.Bystatistics. B.Byquotationsfromleadingexperts. C.Byusin
33、gexamplesfromhisownexperience. D.Bycomparisonandcontrast. 答案 A 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段介紹:我們把所有這些塑料投入到環(huán)境中,但我們?nèi)匀徊恢罆?huì)產(chǎn)生什么結(jié)果。然而,我們所知道的是令人不安的。據(jù)估計(jì),海洋塑料每年會(huì)殺死數(shù)百萬的海洋動(dòng)物。據(jù)了解,包括瀕危生物在內(nèi)的近700種物種已被證實(shí)受到影響。有三分之一的棱皮龜胃里都有塑料制品,它們經(jīng)常把塑料袋誤認(rèn)為水母。目前,90%的海鳥經(jīng)常吃塑料制品。到2050年,這一數(shù)字有望上升到100%。由此可知,作者是通過統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。 7.Whatcanweinfera
34、boutclimatechange? A.Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities. B.Somepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange. C.Climatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution. D.Oceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster, worthmen
35、tioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者), atleastsofar.(我可以理解為什么有些人把海洋塑料視為災(zāi)難,這和氣候變化一樣值得提及。海洋塑料不像氣候變化那么復(fù)雜。沒有海洋垃圾否認(rèn)者,至少到目前為止是這樣)”可推知,有些人對(duì)氣候變化持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。 8.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage? A.Oceanplasticisaglobalissue. B.Th
36、eoceansbecomechokedwithplastic. C.BluePlanetⅡhasleftviewersheartbroken. D.Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld. 答案 B 解析 主旨大意題。文章介紹了塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響,如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn),生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確,海洋被塑料淹沒了,由此可知,文章大意講塑料充斥著海洋。故選B。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子,并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思 1.Partofmyjobistomai
37、ntainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.維持 2.I’velookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandI’vefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts,includingsomedeathcases.令人困擾的 3.To achieve our goals,we should team up with each other and work collectively.共同地,集體地 (二)同義詞語替換 4.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextd
38、uringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often 5.ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly,theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence (三)一詞多義 6.picturen.圖片;照片v.想象,設(shè)想;描繪 (1)Ican’tpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象 (2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.圖片 7.figure
39、n.?dāng)?shù)字;體形,身材;人物;雕像,塑像;圖形;人影v.計(jì)算;認(rèn)為,估計(jì) (1)Accordingtothelatestfigures,itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.數(shù)字 (2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.計(jì)算 (3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.認(rèn)為 (4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedark
40、ness.n.人影 (5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.體形,身材 Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 8.Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer,forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries. [句式分析] 本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesfo
41、rhundredsofscenarios;inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾先行詞scenarios,inwhich相當(dāng)于“where”。rangingfrom...為v.-ing短語作定語,修飾名詞reasons。 [精美譯文] 這本書提供了數(shù)百個(gè)場(chǎng)景的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話,在這些場(chǎng)景中,“不”是正確的答案,說“不”的原因包括時(shí)間管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力和情感邊界。 9.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadiffer
42、ence. [句式分析] 本句為并列句,由破折號(hào)連接。破折號(hào)之前的主干為Thingsthatmayseemordinary,like表示“例如”。破折號(hào)后面的主句為thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意義,有重大影響”;whentakencollectively實(shí)際上是狀語從句的省略,構(gòu)成“連詞+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 [精美譯文] 看似普通的事情,比如使用可重復(fù)使用的瓶子或可重復(fù)使用的袋子——當(dāng)大家都選擇這樣做時(shí),那么就會(huì)對(duì)我們的環(huán)境有重大意義。 強(qiáng)化練(十九) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·河南安陽(yáng)
43、二模) Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies,humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout,aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble-makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生態(tài))healthy. YellowstoneNation
44、alParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2018studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark. “Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate,especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互動(dòng)) inthepark,”explainedMarkBoyce,
45、aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwe’dneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadn’tadoptedecological-processmanagement—allowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.” Afterthewolveswerere-introducedatYellowstone,willowandcottonwoodtr
46、eesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer-wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse. Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial,ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer,whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydive
47、rseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary,biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators (捕食者) wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera,Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator-preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves. Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhy
48、protectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies,butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout. 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。研究表明,人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的,其中黃石公園對(duì)狼的引進(jìn)就是一個(gè)典型的例子。 1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”in
49、Paragraph3probablymean? A.Expect. B.Understand. C.Notice. D.Accept. 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知,黃石公園從狼群的重新引入中獲益,其方式出乎我們的意料。故選A。 2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade? A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild. B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems. C.TorecordhowAaron
50、Wirsingobservedwolves. D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems. 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial,ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer,whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知,拍攝紀(jì)錄片的目的是
51、了解狼是如何對(duì)生態(tài)有益的。故選D。 3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch? A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies. B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves. C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies. D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals. 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepiece
52、ofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies,butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知,這項(xiàng)研究再次證明了為什么保護(hù)這些食肉動(dòng)物不僅對(duì)狼這個(gè)物種很重要,而且對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)層面的物種都很重要。故這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護(hù)狼的重要性。故選B。 4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage? A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems. B.Thef
53、earofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing. C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves. D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess. 答案 A 解析 主旨大意題。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的。故選A。 B Ireadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple,butrevolutionary
54、(革命性的):combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住戶)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic,paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons,theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand,ifachildisfeelingsadortired,thereisalwaysakindlaptositonan
55、dahug. Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily,workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations,andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame:increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpe
56、oplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.It’samajorprobleminmanysocieties. That’swhyinter-generational(代際的) programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsins
57、choolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters,readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping,andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample,aretiredjudgem
58、aybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw. Butitisn’tonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter-generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday,therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenper
59、hapsgettingoldwon’tbesosadafterall. 語篇解讀 這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一種新思維,即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁,這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題,使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。 5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread? A.Toargueforanewconcept. B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic. C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext. D.Todrawourattent
60、iontoasocialproblem. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。分析整篇文章可知,文章是按照“社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)→分析這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因→代際計(jì)劃成功的實(shí)例→這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的積極意義”的結(jié)構(gòu)展開的,因此可判斷作者提到他在報(bào)紙上讀到的那篇文章是為了介紹文章的主題,這樣才能引出文章的其他內(nèi)容。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout? A.Thereasonswhyinter-generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld. B.Theinter-generationalprograms’benefit
61、stoindividuals. C.Theinter-generationalprogramsallovertheworld. D.Theexamplesofinter-generationalactivities. 答案 D 解析 段落大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知,世界各地都有代際計(jì)劃成功的例子。利用年輕人向老年人傳授IT技能就是一個(gè)明顯的例子。在學(xué)校里讓老人做志愿者是另一個(gè)例子。倫敦有一項(xiàng)成功的計(jì)劃,把年輕的志愿者和失明的老年人結(jié)對(duì)。例如,一個(gè)退休的法官可能與一個(gè)想學(xué)習(xí)法律的青少年結(jié)對(duì)。由此可知,該段主要介紹了代際活動(dòng)的例子。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 7.Whatmaybethebestti
62、tleofthetext? A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoung B.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBorn C.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoung D.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad 答案 A 解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知,本文介紹了一種新思維,即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁,這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題,使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。所以短文是圍繞著“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”展開的。所以A選項(xiàng)“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁
63、”為本文最佳標(biāo)題。 C Cortana,Alexa,Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默認(rèn)) identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhouset
64、hem.Todoit,theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak. Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries,includingPriyankaPandya,a16-year-oldgirlfromColumbia,Md.,whoplanstospendherwintervacatio
65、nrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice,Ithinkthat’sreally,reallypowerful,”shesaid. “Everyonehasavoice,”saidRupalPatel,founderofVocaliD,thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonali
66、zedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser,andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor,matchedbyage,genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers. Also,people’svoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices,andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater,astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults. JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlas
- 溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2025年防凍教育安全教育班會(huì)全文PPT
- 2025年寒假安全教育班會(huì)全文PPT
- 初中2025年冬季防溺水安全教育全文PPT
- 初中臘八節(jié)2024年專題PPT
- 主播直播培訓(xùn)提升人氣的方法正確的直播方式如何留住游客
- XX地區(qū)機(jī)關(guān)工委2024年度年終黨建工作總結(jié)述職匯報(bào)
- 心肺復(fù)蘇培訓(xùn)(心臟驟停的臨床表現(xiàn)與診斷)
- 我的大學(xué)生活介紹
- XX單位2024年終專題組織生活會(huì)理論學(xué)習(xí)理論學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)黨性凝心聚力建新功
- 2024年XX單位個(gè)人述職述廉報(bào)告
- 一文解讀2025中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議精神(使社會(huì)信心有效提振經(jīng)濟(jì)明顯回升)
- 2025職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃報(bào)告自我評(píng)估職業(yè)探索目標(biāo)設(shè)定發(fā)展策略
- 2024年度XX縣縣委書記個(gè)人述職報(bào)告及2025年工作計(jì)劃
- 寒假計(jì)劃中學(xué)生寒假計(jì)劃安排表(規(guī)劃好寒假的每個(gè)階段)
- 中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議九大看點(diǎn)學(xué)思想強(qiáng)黨性重實(shí)踐建新功