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外文資料翻譯
Machine tool numerical control reforms
機(jī)床數(shù)控改造
First, CNC systems and the development trend of history
一、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史及趨勢(shì)
1946 birth of the world's first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools. It and human agriculture, industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankind's entry into the information society laid the foundation. Six years later, in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development.
1946年誕生了世界上第一臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī)，這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強(qiáng)和部分代替腦力勞動(dòng)的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會(huì)中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強(qiáng)體力勞動(dòng)的工具相比，起了質(zhì)的飛躍，為人類進(jìn)入信息社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。6年后，即在1952年，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機(jī)床上，在美國(guó)誕生了第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床。從此，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)階段和六代的發(fā)展。
1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)
1.1、數(shù)控（NC）階段（1952～1970年）
Early computer's computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected, but can not meet the requirements of real-time control machine. People have to use digital logic circuit "tied" into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system, known as the hardware connection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the development of components of this phase after three generations, that is, in 1952 the first generation - tube; 1959 of the second generation - transistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.
早期計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算速度低，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大，但不能適應(yīng)機(jī)床實(shí)時(shí)控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺(tái)機(jī)床專用計(jì)算機(jī)作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控（HARD-WIRED NC），簡(jiǎn)稱為數(shù)控（NC）。隨著元器件的發(fā)展，這個(gè)階段歷經(jīng)了三代，即1952年的第一代--電子管；1959年的第二代--晶體管；1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。
1.2, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) phase (1970 to present)
1.2、計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（CNC）階段（1970年～現(xiàn)在）
To 1970, GM has been a small computer and mass-produced. So it transplant system as the core component of NC, have entered a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) stage (in front of the computer should be "universal" word omitted). To 1971, the United States INTEL company in the world will be the first time the two most core computer components - computing and controller, a large-scale integrated circuit technology integration in a chip, called the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR) , also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
到1970年，通用小型計(jì)算機(jī)業(yè)已出現(xiàn)并成批生產(chǎn)。于是將它移植過來作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的核心部件，從此進(jìn)入了計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（CNC）階段（把計(jì)算機(jī)前面應(yīng)有的"通用"兩個(gè)字省略了）。到1971年，美國(guó)INTEL公司在世界上第一次將計(jì)算機(jī)的兩個(gè)最核心的部件--運(yùn)算器和控制器，采用大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)集成在一塊芯片上，稱之為微處理器（MICROPROCESSOR），又可稱為中央處理單元（簡(jiǎn)稱CPU）。
1974 microprocessor to be used in CNC system. This is because the function of the computer is too small to control a machine tool capacity affluent (the time has been used to control more than one machine, called Group Control), as a reasonable economic use of the microprocessor. Minicomputer reliability and then not ideal. Early microprocessor speed and functionality while still not high enough, but can be adopted to solve the multi-processor architecture. As microprocessor core is a general computer components, it is still known as the CNC.
到1974年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。這是因?yàn)樾⌒陀?jì)算機(jī)功能太強(qiáng)，控制一臺(tái)機(jī)床能力有富裕（故當(dāng)時(shí)曾用于控制多臺(tái)機(jī)床，稱之為群控），不如采用微處理器經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。而且當(dāng)時(shí)的小型機(jī)可靠性也不理想。早期的微處理器速度和功能雖還不夠高，但可以通過多處理器結(jié)構(gòu)來解決。由于微處理器是通用計(jì)算機(jī)的核心部件，故仍稱為計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控。
By 1990, PC machines (personal computers, domestic habits that computer) performance has been developed to a high stage, as a CNC system to meet the requirements of the core components. NC system based on PC has now entered the stage.
到了1990年，PC機(jī)（個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，國(guó)內(nèi)習(xí)慣稱微機(jī)）的性能已發(fā)展到很高的階段，可以滿足作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)核心部件的要求。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)從此進(jìn)入了基于PC的階段。
In short, CNC has also experienced a stage three generations. That is, in 1970's fourth generation - small computer; 1974 of the fifth generation - microprocessors and the sixth-generation 1990 - Based on the PC (called PC-BASED abroad).
總之，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控階段也經(jīng)歷了三代。即1970年的第四代--小型計(jì)算機(jī)；1974年的第五代--微處理器和1990年的第六代--基于PC（國(guó)外稱為PC-BASED）。
Also pointed out that, although the foreign computer has been renamed NC (CNC), but China still customary said Numerical Control (NC). Therefore, we stress the day-to-day "NC", in essence, is that "computer numerically controlled."
還要指出的是，雖然國(guó)外早已改稱為計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（即CNC）了，而我國(guó)仍習(xí)慣稱數(shù)控（NC）。所以我們?nèi)粘Ｖv的"數(shù)控"，實(shí)質(zhì)上已是指"計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控"了。
1.3, the trend of future development of NC
1.3、數(shù)控未來發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)
1.3.1 continue to open, the sixth generation of PC-based development
1.3.1 繼續(xù)向開放式、基于PC的第六代方向發(fā)展
?Based on the PC with the open, low-cost, high reliability, rich in resources such as hardware and software features, and more CNC system manufacturers will embark on this path. At least it used PC as a front-end machine, to deal with the human-machine interface, programming, networking and communications problems, the former NC Some systems have the mandate. PC machine with the friendly interface, will be universal to all CNC system. Remote communications, remote diagnostics and maintenance will be more widespread.
基于PC所具有的開放性、低成本、高可靠性、軟硬件資源豐富等特點(diǎn)，更多的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)廠家會(huì)走上這條道路。至少采用PC機(jī)作為它的前端機(jī)，來處理人機(jī)界面、編程、聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信等問題，由原有的系統(tǒng)承擔(dān)數(shù)控的任務(wù)。PC機(jī)所具有的友好的人機(jī)界面，將普及到所有的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。遠(yuǎn)程通訊，遠(yuǎn)程診斷和維修將更加普遍。
1.3.2 high-speed and high-precision Development
1.3.2向高速化和高精度化發(fā)展
This is to adapt to high-speed and high-precision machine tools to the needs of the development direction.
這是適應(yīng)機(jī)床向高速和高精度方向發(fā)展的需要。
1.3.3 intelligent direction to the development
1.3.3向智能化方向發(fā)展
With artificial intelligence in the computer field infiltration and the continuing development of the intelligent numerical control system will be continuously improved.
隨著人工智能在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的不斷滲透和發(fā)展，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的智能化程度將不斷提高。
（1）adaptive control technology
（1）應(yīng)用自適應(yīng)控制技術(shù)
CNC system can detect some important information in the process, and automatically adjust system parameters to improve the system running state purposes.
數(shù)控系統(tǒng)能檢測(cè)過程中一些重要信息，并自動(dòng)調(diào)整系統(tǒng)的有關(guān)參數(shù)，達(dá)到改進(jìn)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的目的。
（2）the introduction of expert guidance processing system
（2）引入專家系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)加工
the experience of skilled workers and experts, processing and the general rules of law of special deposit system, the process parameters to the database as the foundation, and establish artificial intelligence expert system.
將熟練工人和專家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加工的一般規(guī)律和特殊規(guī)律存入系統(tǒng)中，以工藝參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為支撐，建立具有人工智能的專家系統(tǒng)。
（3）introduction of Fault Diagnosis Expert System
（3）引入故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)
（4）intelligent digital servo drives
（4）智能化數(shù)字伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置
Automatic Identification can load, and automatically adjust parameters to get the best drive system operation.
可以通過自動(dòng)識(shí)別負(fù)載，而自動(dòng)調(diào)整參數(shù)，使驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)獲得最佳的運(yùn)行。
Second, CNC of the need for transformation
二、機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要性
2.1, microscopic view of the necessity of
2.1、微觀看改造的必要性
?From the micro perspective, CNC machine tools than traditional machines have the following prominent superiority, and these advantages are from the NC system includes computer power.
從微觀上看，數(shù)控機(jī)床比傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床有以下突出的優(yōu)越性，而且這些優(yōu)越性均來自數(shù)控系統(tǒng)所包含的計(jì)算機(jī)的威力。
2.1.1 can be processed by conventional machining is not the curve, surface and other complex parts
2.1.1 可以加工出傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床加工不出來的曲線、曲面等復(fù)雜的零件。
Because computers are superb computing power can be accurately calculated instantaneous each coordinate axis movement exercise should be instantaneous, it can compound into complex curves and surfaces.
由于計(jì)算機(jī)有高超的運(yùn)算能力，可以瞬時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地計(jì)算出每個(gè)坐標(biāo)軸瞬時(shí)應(yīng)該運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，因此可以復(fù)合成復(fù)雜的曲線或曲面。
2.1.2 automated processing can be achieved, but also flexible automation to increase machine efficiency than traditional 3 to 7 times.
2.1.2 可以實(shí)現(xiàn)加工的自動(dòng)化，而且是柔性自動(dòng)化，從而效率可比傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床提高3～7倍。
Because computers are memory and storage capacity, can be imported and stored procedures remember down, and then click procedural requirements to implement the order automatically to achieve automation. CNC machine tool as a replacement procedures, we can achieve another work piece machining automation, so that single pieces and small batch production can be automated, it has been called "flexible automation."
由于計(jì)算機(jī)有記憶和存儲(chǔ)能力，可以將輸入的程序記住和存儲(chǔ)下來，然后按程序規(guī)定的順序自動(dòng)去執(zhí)行，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。數(shù)控機(jī)床只要更換一個(gè)程序，就可實(shí)現(xiàn)另一工件加工的自動(dòng)化，從而使單件和小批生產(chǎn)得以自動(dòng)化，故被稱為實(shí)現(xiàn)了"柔性自動(dòng)化"。
2.1.3 high precision machining parts, the size dispersion of small, easy to assemble, no longer needed "repair."
2.1.3 加工零件的精度高，尺寸分散度小，使裝配容易，不再需要"修配"。
2.1.4 processes can be realized more focused, in part to reduce the frequent removal machine.
2.1.4 可實(shí)現(xiàn)多工序的集中，減少零件 在機(jī)床間的頻繁搬運(yùn)。
2.1.5 have automatic alarm, automatic control, automatic compensation, and other self-regulatory functions, thus achieving long unattended processing.
2.1.5 擁有自動(dòng)報(bào)警、自動(dòng)監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償?shù)榷喾N自律功能，因而可實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無人看管加工。
2.1.6 derived from the benefits of more than five.
2.1.6 由以上五條派生的好處。
Such as: reducing the labor intensity of the workers, save the labor force (one can look after more than one machine), a decrease of tooling, shorten Trial Production of a new product cycle and the production cycle, the market demand for quick response, and so on.
如：降低了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，節(jié)省了勞動(dòng)力（一個(gè)人可以看管多臺(tái)機(jī)床），減少了工裝，縮短了新產(chǎn)品試制周期和生產(chǎn)周期，可對(duì)市場(chǎng)需求作出快速反應(yīng)等等。
These advantages are our predecessors did not expect, is a very major breakthrough. In addition, CNC machine tools or the FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell), FMS (flexible manufacturing system) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), and other enterprises, the basis of information transformation. NC manufacturing automation technology has become the core technology and basic technology.
以上這些優(yōu)越性是前人想象不到的，是一個(gè)極為重大的突破。此外，機(jī)床數(shù)控化還是推行FMC（柔性制造單元）、FMS（柔性制造系統(tǒng)）以及CIMS（計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)）等企業(yè)信息化改造的基礎(chǔ)。數(shù)控技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化的核心技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)。
?2.2, the macro view of the necessity
2.2、宏觀看改造的必要性
From a macro perspective, the military industrial developed countries, the machinery industry, in the late 1970s, early 1980s, has begun a large-scale application of CNC machine tools. Its essence is the use of information technology on the traditional industries (including the military, the Machinery Industry) for technological transformation. In addition to the manufacturing process used in CNC machine tools, FMC, FMS, but also included in the product development in the implementation of CAD, CAE, CAM, virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the MIS (Management Information System), CIMS, and so on. And the products that they produce an increase in information technology, including artificial intelligence and other content. As the use of information technology to foreign forces, the depth of Machinery Industry (referred to as information technology), and ultimately makes their products in the international military and civilian products on the market competitiveness of much stronger. And we in the information technology to transform traditional industries than about 20 years behind developed countries. Such as possession of machine tools in China, the proportion of CNC machine tools (CNC rate) in 1995 to only 1.9 percent, while Japan in 1994 reached 20.8 percent, every year a large number of imports of mechanical and electrical products. This also explains the macro CNC transformation of the need.
從宏觀上看，工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的軍、民機(jī)械工業(yè)，在70年代末、80年代初已開始大規(guī)模應(yīng)用數(shù)控機(jī)床。其本質(zhì)是，采用信息技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)（包括軍、民機(jī)械工業(yè)）進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。除在制造過程中采用數(shù)控機(jī)床、FMC、FMS外，還包括在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中推行CAD、CAE、CAM、虛擬制造以及在生產(chǎn)管理中推行MIS（管理信息系統(tǒng)）、CIMS等等。以及在其生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品中增加信息技術(shù)，包括人工智能等的含量。由于采用信息技術(shù)對(duì)國(guó)外軍、民機(jī)械工業(yè)進(jìn)行深入改造（稱之為信息化），最終使得他們的產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際軍品和民品的市場(chǎng)上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力大為增強(qiáng)。而我們?cè)谛畔⒓夹g(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)方面比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家約落后20年。如我國(guó)機(jī)床擁有量中，數(shù)控機(jī)床的比重（數(shù)控化率）到1995年只有1.9％，而日本在1994年已達(dá)20.8％，因此每年都有大量機(jī)電產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口。這也就從宏觀上說明了機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要性。
Third, CNC machine tools and production lines of the transformation of the market
三、機(jī)床與生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控化改造的市場(chǎng)
3.1, CNC transformation of the market
3.1、機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的市場(chǎng)
My current machine total more than 380 million units, of which only the total number of CNC machine tool 113,400 Taiwan, or that China's CNC rate of less than 3 percent. Over the past 10 years, China's annual output of about 0.6 CNC machine tools to 0.8 million units, an annual output value of about 1.8 billion yuan. CNC machine tools annual rate of 6 per cent. China's machine tool easements over age 10 account for more than 60% below the 10 machines, automatic / semi-automatic machine less than 20 per cent, FMC / FMS, such as a handful more automated production line (the United States and Japan automatic and semi-automatic machine, 60 percent above). This shows that we the majority of manufacturing industries and enterprises of the production, processing equipment is the great majority of traditional machine tools, and more than half of military age is over 10 years old machine. Processing equipment used by the prevalence of poor quality products, less variety, low-grade, high cost, supply a long period, in view of the international and domestic markets, lack of competitiveness, and a direct impact on a company's products, markets, efficiency and impact The survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, we must vigorously raise the rate of CNC machine tools.
我國(guó)目前機(jī)床總量380余萬臺(tái)，而其中數(shù)控機(jī)床總數(shù)只有11.34萬臺(tái)，即我國(guó)機(jī)床數(shù)控化率不到3％。近10年來，我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床年產(chǎn)量約為0.6～0.8萬臺(tái)，年產(chǎn)值約為18億元。機(jī)床的年產(chǎn)量數(shù)控化率為6％。我國(guó)機(jī)床役齡10年以上的占60％以上；10年以下的機(jī)床中，自動(dòng)/半自動(dòng)機(jī)床不到20％，F(xiàn)MC/FMS等自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線更屈指可數(shù)（美國(guó)和日本自動(dòng)和半自動(dòng)機(jī)床占60％以上）?？梢娢覀兊拇蠖鄶?shù)制造行業(yè)和企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、加工裝備絕大數(shù)是傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)床，而且半數(shù)以上是役齡在10年以上的舊機(jī)床。用這種裝備加工出來的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差、品種少、檔次低、成本高、供貨期長(zhǎng)，從而在國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，直接影響一個(gè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品、市場(chǎng)、效益，影響企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。所以必須大力提高機(jī)床的數(shù)控化率。
3.2, import equipment and production lines of the transformation of NC market
3.2、進(jìn)口設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)控化改造市場(chǎng)
Since China's reform and opening up, many foreign enterprises from the introduction of technology, equipment and production lines for technological transformation. According to incomplete statistics, from 1979 to 1988 10, the introduction of technological transformation projects are 18,446, about 16.58 billion US dollars.
我國(guó)自改革開放以來，很多企業(yè)從國(guó)外引進(jìn)技術(shù)、設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，從1979～1988年10年間，全國(guó)引進(jìn)技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目就有18446項(xiàng)，大約165.8億美元。
These projects, the majority of projects in China's economic construction play a due role. Some, however, the introduction of projects due to various reasons, not equipment or normal operation of the production line, and even paralyzed, and the effectiveness of enterprises affected by serious enterprise is in trouble. Some of the equipment, production lines introduced from abroad, the digestion and absorption of some bad, spare parts incomplete, improper maintenance, poor operating results; only pay attention to the introduction of some imported the equipment, apparatus, production lines, ignore software, technology, and management, resulting in items integrity, and potential equipment can not play, but some can not even start running, did not play due role, but some production lines to sell the products very well, but not because of equipment failure production standards; because some high energy consumption, low pass rate products incur losses, but some have introduced a longer time, and the need for technological upgrading. Some of the causes of the equipment did not create wealth, but consumption of wealth.
這些項(xiàng)目中，大部分項(xiàng)目為我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)發(fā)揮了應(yīng)有的作用。但是有的引進(jìn)項(xiàng)目由于種種原因，設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)線不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，甚至癱瘓，使企業(yè)的效益受到影響，嚴(yán)重的使企業(yè)陷入困境。一些設(shè)備、生產(chǎn)線從國(guó)外引進(jìn)以后，有的消化吸收不好，備件不全，維護(hù)不當(dāng)，結(jié)果運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不良；有的引進(jìn)時(shí)只注意引進(jìn)設(shè)備、儀器、生產(chǎn)線，忽視軟件、工藝、管理等，造成項(xiàng)目不完整，設(shè)備潛力不能發(fā)揮；有的甚至不能啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行，沒有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用；有的生產(chǎn)線的產(chǎn)品銷路很好，但是因?yàn)樵O(shè)備故障不能達(dá)產(chǎn)達(dá)標(biāo)；有的因?yàn)槟芎母?、產(chǎn)品合格率低而造成虧損；有的已引進(jìn)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，需要進(jìn)行技術(shù)更新。種種原因使有的設(shè)備不僅沒有創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，反而消耗著財(cái)富。
These can not use the equipment, production lines is a burden, but also a number of significant assets in stock, wealth is repaired. As long as identifying the main technical difficulties, and solve key technical problems, we can minimize the investment and make the most of their assets in stock, gain the greatest economic and social benefits. This is a great transformation of the market.
這些不能使用的設(shè)備、生產(chǎn)線是個(gè)包袱，也是一批很大的存量資產(chǎn)，修好了就是財(cái)富。只要找出主要的技術(shù)難點(diǎn)，解決關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題，就可以最小的投資盤活最大的存量資產(chǎn)，爭(zhēng)取到最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。這也是一個(gè)極大的改造市場(chǎng)。
Fourth, NC transformation of the content and gifted missing
四、數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容及優(yōu)缺
4.1, the rise of foreign trade reform
4.1、國(guó)外改造業(yè)的興起
In the United States, Japan and Germany and other developed countries, and their machine transformation as new economic growth sector, the business scene, is in a golden age. The machine, as well as technology continues to progress, is a machine of the "eternal" issue. China's machine tool industry transformation, but also from old industries to enter the CNC technology mainly to the new industries. In the United States, Japan, Germany, with CNC machine tools and technological transformation of production lines vast market, has formed a CNC machine tools and production lines of the new industry. In the United States, transforming machine tool industry as renewable (Remanufacturing) industry. Renewable industry in the famous companies: Borsches engineering company, atoms machine tool company, Devlieg-Bullavd (Bo) services group, US equipment companies. Companies in the United States-run companies in China. In Japan, the machine tool industry transformation as machine modification (Retrofitting) industry. Conversion industry in the famous companies: Okuma engineering group, Kong 3 Machinery Company, Chiyoda Engineering Company, Nozaki engineering company, Hamada engineering companies, Yamamoto Engineering Company.
在美國(guó)、日本和德國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，它們的機(jī)床改造作為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)行業(yè)，生意盎然，正處在黃金時(shí)代。由于機(jī)床以及技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，機(jī)床改造是個(gè)"永恒"的課題。我國(guó)的機(jī)床改造業(yè)，也從老的行業(yè)進(jìn)入到以數(shù)控技術(shù)為主的新的行業(yè)。在美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)，用數(shù)控技術(shù)改造機(jī)床和生產(chǎn)線具有廣闊的市場(chǎng)，已形成了機(jī)床和生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控改造的新的行業(yè)。在美國(guó)，機(jī)床改造業(yè)稱為機(jī)床再生（Remanufacturing）業(yè)。從事再生業(yè)的著名公司有：Bertsche工程公司、ayton機(jī)床公司、Devlieg-Bullavd（得寶）服務(wù)集團(tuán)、US設(shè)備公司等。美國(guó)得寶公司已在中國(guó)開辦公司。在日本，機(jī)床改造業(yè)稱為機(jī)床改裝（Retrofitting）業(yè)。從事改裝業(yè)的著名公司有：大隈工程集團(tuán)、崗三機(jī)械公司、千代田工機(jī)公司、野崎工程公司、濱田工程公司、山本工程公司等。
4.2, the content of NC
4.2、數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容
?Machine tools and production line NC transformation main contents of the following:
機(jī)床與生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)控化改造主要內(nèi)容有以下幾點(diǎn)：
One is the restoration of the original features of the machine tools, production line of the fault diagnosis and recovery; second NC, in the ordinary machine augends significant installations, or additions to NC system, transformed into NC machine tools, CNC machine tools; its Third, renovation, to improve accuracy, efficiency and the degree of automation, mechanical, electrical part of the renovation, re-assembly of mechanical parts processing, restore the original accuracy of their production requirements are not satisfied with the latest CNC system update; Fourth, the technology updates or technical innovation, to enhance performance or grades, or for the use of new technology, new technologies, based on the original technology for large-scale update or technological innovation, and more significantly raise the level, and grades of upgrading.
其一是恢復(fù)原功能，對(duì)機(jī)床、生產(chǎn)線存在的故障部分進(jìn)行診斷并恢復(fù)；其二是NC化，在普通機(jī)床上加數(shù)顯裝置，或加數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，改造成NC機(jī)床、CNC機(jī)床；其三是翻新，為提高精度、效率和自動(dòng)化程度，對(duì)機(jī)械、電氣部分進(jìn)行翻新，對(duì)機(jī)械部分重新裝配加工，恢復(fù)原精度；對(duì)其不滿足生產(chǎn)要求的CNC系統(tǒng)以最新CNC進(jìn)行更新；其四是技術(shù)更新或技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，為提高性能或檔次，或?yàn)榱耸褂眯鹿に?、新技術(shù)，在原有基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行較大規(guī)模的技術(shù)更新或技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，較大幅度地提高水平和檔次的更新改造。
4.3, NC transformation of the gifted missing
4.3、數(shù)控化改造的優(yōu)缺
4.3.1 reduce the amount of investment, shorter delivery time
4.3.1 減少投資額、交貨期短
?Compared with the purchase of new machine, the general can save 60% to 80% of the costs and transforming low-cost. Especially for large, special machine tools particularly obvious. General transformation of large-scale machine, spent only the cost of the new machine purchase 1 / 3, short delivery time. But some special circumstances, such as high-speed spindle, automatic tray switching systems and the production of the installation costs too costly and often raise the cost of 2 to 3 times compared with the purchase of new machine, only about 50 percent of savings investment.
同購(gòu)置新機(jī)床相比，一般可以節(jié)省60％～80％的費(fèi)用，改造費(fèi)用低。特別是大型、特殊機(jī)床尤其明顯。一般大型機(jī)床改造，只花新機(jī)床購(gòu)置費(fèi)用的1/3，交貨期短。但有些特殊情況，如高速主軸、托盤自動(dòng)交換裝置的制作與安裝過于費(fèi)工、費(fèi)錢，往往改造成本提高2～3倍，與購(gòu)置新機(jī)床相比，只能節(jié)省投資50％左右。
4.3.2 stable and reliable mechanical properties, structure limited
4.3.2 機(jī)械性能穩(wěn)定可靠，結(jié)構(gòu)受限
?By the use of bed, column, and other basic items are heavy and solid casting components, rather than kind of welding components of the machine after the high-performance, quality, and can continue to use the new equipment for many years. But by the mechanical structure of the original restrictions, it is not appropriate to the transformation of a breakthrough.
所利用的床身、立柱等基礎(chǔ)件都是重而堅(jiān)固的鑄造構(gòu)件，而不是那種焊接構(gòu)件，改造后的機(jī)床性能高、質(zhì)量好，可以作為新設(shè)備繼續(xù)使用多年。但是受到原來機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的限制，不宜做突破性的改造。
4.3.3 become familiar with the equipment, ease of operation and maintenance
4.3.3 熟悉了解設(shè)備、便于操作維修
The purchase of new equipment, new equipment do not know whether to meet the