喜歡就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的全都有，，下載后全都有，所見即所得，CAD圖紙均為高清圖可自行編輯，文檔WORD都可以自己編輯的哦，有疑問咨詢QQ:1064457796
附錄1
現代集成制造技術
信息技術的發(fā)展引起的革命使我們進入了信息時代. 信息革命不僅引起思想和生活方式的變化,從而導致生產和制造哲理的巨大變化 可以說,過去十年來新的制造理念都離不開它提供支持的信息技術制造先進制造技術是重要的生產歷史轉變時期. 多年來,中國\綜合國力的不斷增強,即將到來,市場極具競爭力,從賣方\國內市場變?yōu)橘I方\中國市場,并迅速成為國際市場的同時,許多大中型企業(yè)處于劣勢的競爭,甚至破產、關閉. 結合中國\中國的國情,通過分析現代集成制造系統、先進制造技術與現代集成制造系統技術發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和道路做些有益的制造業(yè)發(fā)展探索.
含義與定位現代集成制造系統
現代集成制造系統(當代集成制造系統)是計算機集成制造系統新的發(fā)展階段,計算機集成制造系統在繼承優(yōu)秀成果的基礎上不斷吸收先進制造技術與本質的思考,從信息整合、過程整合與企業(yè)整合的方向迅速發(fā)展先進制造技術為核心. 具體而言,將帶來傳統技術與現代信息技術、管理技術、自動化技術、系統工程技術有機結合,通過計算機技術產品的企業(yè)在整個生命周期的組織、經營、管理和技術的有機結合,優(yōu)化經營整個企業(yè)的產品生命周期,情報,整合優(yōu)化 達到產品上市快、服務好、質量好、低成本的目的,提高企業(yè)的軟、敏捷性和簡裝性。企業(yè)在激烈的市場競爭中立于不敗之地. 從整合角度看,早期的計算機集成制造系統側重于信息一體化、現代集成制造系統集成概念在廣度和深度上的一大擴展,除了信息一體化,還實現企業(yè)全產品生命周期的整體業(yè)務流程優(yōu)化、過程整合和開發(fā)輔助企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間的整合階段.
現代集成制造系統應該是國與國之間的研究范圍之間的國家科技攻關計劃、攀登計劃. 攀登計劃研究項目相比,它更注重成果的應用,將技術產業(yè)化,促進中國的現代化\的生產過程; 國家科技攻關計劃相比,將更加重視制造業(yè)發(fā)展的關鍵問題,我們共同來解決,而具前瞻性問題的模式之一.
現代集成制造系統技術
先進制造技術(舉辦先進制造技術)為專有名詞,尚不明確、一致的定義. 通過其內容和特點的研究,目前共同的體會:先進制造技術是傳統制造技術不斷吸收機械、電子、信息、材料、能源和現代管理等方面的成果,其綜合產品的設計、制造、測試、管理、銷售、使用、服務的制造過程,以高質量、高效率、低、清潔、靈活生產 預期效果及經濟技術創(chuàng)造三項技術總稱. 它具有以下特點:
從技術為中心向以人為中心的轉變,科技的發(fā)展更符合人類社會的需要; 模糊專業(yè)分工專業(yè)化壓力、一專多能轉變職工的智慧得到充分發(fā)揮; 由多層金字塔結構,網絡管理面臨著結構性變化,減少了中間環(huán)節(jié)和層次; 從傳統的以平行方式轉變工作方法,減少工作周期,提高工作質量; 從形式固定職能部門自主管理小組的工作方法,以動態(tài)變化. 通過先進制造技術的定義和分析的特點,我們發(fā)現,現代集成制造系統擁有最先進的制造技術特點先進制造技術,是不是涉及的范圍,現代集成制造系統等先進制造技術,通過全面檢查,我們提出了一個現代集成制造系統的技術構成模式. 圖1表明,在先進制造技術、現代集成制造系統在吸收計算機集成制造系統優(yōu)秀成果的基礎上繼續(xù)并行工程、虛擬制造,并成功地建立了動態(tài)聯盟的深入研究,并不斷吸收先進制造技術和成功經驗,先進思想,將推廣應用, 現代集成制造系統為核心的先進制造技術,具體如下:
1、并行工程:
并行工程相結合,同時進行相關程序的設計和產品(包括制造過程和支持過程)系統. 它要求產品開發(fā)人員在一開始就考慮整個產品生命周期概念產品用各種因素,包括質量、成本、時間和用戶需求. 為達到目的,同時主樓高度一體化模式,實現各部門通過共同努力; 設計成功的產品,減少重復,許多地方的模擬技術; 模型,模擬部分包括應用虛擬制造技術 可以說并行工程的發(fā)展,是要建立一個虛擬制造技術條件,虛擬制造技術將根據并行工程、并行工程的進一步發(fā)展虛擬制造技術. 同時,并行工程處、計算機輔助生產、CAPP、技術支持,分別對原有工作在時間和空間上交叉、重疊,充分利用現有技術和吸收當前迅速發(fā)展的計算機技術、網絡技術和優(yōu)秀成果,為先進制造技術的基礎.
雖然并行工程在實際工作中,研究的熱點,也取得了一些成果,但是目前仍有一些問題:
(一)研究的廣度和深度:盡管是平行進行了廣泛的研究著作,但在研究內容的角度看,還是從研究的水平,差距明顯. 如:并行工程在成本和質量的應用剛剛起步,還沒有統一供應的議程.
(二)工程技術的同時還與實際:在實用技術研究、商品化軟件尚未出生,而外國公司已推出的商業(yè)軟件(如:親工程首,隨CADDS5).
(三)實施并行工程充分:研究薄弱研究并不完全開花,并行工程實施將是困難的. 此外,目前國內機械行業(yè)在激烈的市場競爭中,好、計算機輔助設計/計算機輔助生產工藝術尚待普及,全面實施并行工程還缺乏基本的物質基礎.
由于并行工程和我國的基礎研究工作不足狀況,決定要為現代集成制造系統的基礎深入的研究工作已經展開.
2、虛擬制造(船民--虛擬制造):
虛擬制造利用信息技術、仿真技術、計算機技術對現實制造活動的人、物、信息及制造過程進行全面的仿真,以發(fā)現制造中可能出現的問題,產品在實際生產之前,采取預防措施,從而創(chuàng)造了一次性產品的成功,達到降低成本、縮短產品開發(fā)周期, 其目的是為了提高產品競爭力--四. 目前,虛擬制造技術已被國外,如:設計一家美國公司boneingVS-X虛擬飛機數據手套和頭盔監(jiān)測觀察控制,飛機設計師身臨其境觀察結果設計飛機,其外觀、內部結構及使用性能的檢驗; 日本\的松下公司開發(fā)的虛擬廚房設備制造系統,允許消費者在購買商品前,在虛擬環(huán)境中體驗不同的廚房設備功能于自己的喜好評價、選擇和重組這些設備,他們的選擇將儲存并送往生產部門通過網絡生產; 考文垂藝術與設計學院美國開發(fā)的虛擬原型系統設計者在設計初期建造的電腦虛擬原型和評價原型的這6.
國內的研究剛剛起步,主要集中在三個方面:
(1)產品虛擬設計技術:
包括虛擬產品開發(fā)平臺、虛擬測試、虛擬裝配以及機床、虛擬設計工具實現. 清華大學利用美國國家儀器公司LabVIEW開發(fā)平臺實現虛擬suoxiang電路、機械學用C程式語言、OpenGL初步實現了三維虛擬在車庫的參數設計,可以進行停車場的視覺設計、設計、分析和運動模擬.
(2)產品虛擬制造技術
主要材料熱加工工藝模擬、加工仿真模擬盤形狀,塑造制造業(yè)仿真. 法奧在運動發(fā)展局Optris材料模擬軟件已基本形成類似于中門復雜汽車復蓋羊和其他羊形件造型過程; 沉陽廣播學院仿真軟件開發(fā)電渣熔鑄工藝已經應用于水輪發(fā)電機esrd3d流量變化曲面部件的生產, 其產品數量和中西部、建筑、服務等七個電站和平利用; 合肥工業(yè)大學與雙刀架車床數碼處理軟件仿真馬\'鐵鞍山鋼鐵公司采用車輪廠Lungu數碼手續(xù),縮短調試時間由幾個班幾個小時,確保了試成功; 北京機床研究所、機械科學院、東北大學、上海交通大學、長沙鐵路學院等單位還制定了一系列的仿真軟件. (3)虛擬制造系統
虛擬制造技術包括建筑、技術支持、開發(fā)策略. 這就出現了比較成熟的思想并可能上海同濟大學教授張?zhí)K分散的生產體系和網絡十一警示交大院士組成一個網研究中心.
從上面的討論,我們可以看到有很大區(qū)別國內和國際標準,因為它是虛擬制造技術工程平行的方向是能創(chuàng)造的核心,這意味著我們要為中心的現代集成制造系統技術,以推動相關技術的研究,他們一致順利.
3、敏捷制造(實時-靈活制造):
競爭能力和創(chuàng)造一個具公信力的基礎上組成的虛擬企業(yè)合作伙伴選擇工作,共同為同一目標,以提高整體競爭力,快速響應用戶需求,以滿足用戶的需要. 建立快速反應能力,建立一個虛擬企業(yè)的關鍵技術,其核心是虛擬制造技術,快速形成虛擬制造技術為基礎. 創(chuàng)造能力的現代集成制造系統納入企業(yè)信息一體化的道路,這是發(fā)展水平的現代集成制造系統的發(fā)展方向現代集成制造系統.
自1991年美國研制成功的思維,美國政府就贊助許多研究發(fā)展強大的基礎設施和生產工具的單位,鼓勵應用示范不同行業(yè),已經取得了一些進展. 例如:崛起于制造業(yè)生產裝置遙測示范工程,聯合加州圣亞國家實驗室、聯合信號公司、美國堪薩斯市科新墨西哥州\的國家實驗室和圣地亞機械主要箱、印刷電路板供應商. 通過聯合企業(yè)資源單一脆弱,時間會比單一企業(yè)的生產時間減少了50%的生產,大大提高工作效率. 現在美國許多大公司都參加了這一研究計劃,歐洲和日本的發(fā)展已建立相關機構,研究和實施. 我國專家從1993年開始回升創(chuàng)造了跟蹤研究,包括:快速實施的制造技術基礎; 建立虛擬公司架構和運作模式的步驟; 虛擬公司和組織實施. 與國外相比,這些研究只能原則性的研究,距離實際需要還有很長的路要走. 因此,在中國\的企業(yè)也迅速創(chuàng)造不可能,但從科學研究,我們認為有必要采取適當的條件下建立一個研究虛擬企業(yè),加深虛擬企業(yè)在實際應用方面遇到的困難的理解,在實踐中學習有益的經驗教訓,將來的發(fā)展一定的技術儲備.
4、綠色制造(基因-綠色制造):
綠色制造是一個綜合考慮環(huán)境影響和資源效率的現代制造模式,其目標是使產品從設計、制造、包裝、運輸、利用廢整個產品生命周期,對環(huán)境的影響(負作用)最小、最有效地利用資源. 綠色制造越來越重視環(huán)保的選擇,而不是犧牲發(fā)展環(huán)境污染、國際實踐表明,制造業(yè)的生產工序改進減少廢物排放超過污水處理廠已處理大量節(jié)省. 綠色制造可以通過計算機仿真來達到目的,即它是虛擬制造的一部分. 從可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,綠色制造是必然選擇,它將成為現代集成制造系統的一個重要組成部分.
從以上的分析,我們可以看到:各種先進制造技術是相互關聯、交叉、先進制造技術、建立現代集成制造系統為核心、先進制造技術的不斷發(fā)展和發(fā)展現代集成制造系統是一個動態(tài)的概念.
我國現代集成制造系統的發(fā)展策略
在市場上的競爭驅動、先進制造技術發(fā)展十分迅速,新思想、新觀念是通過現代集成制造系統、先進制造技術關系的分析,我們認為,在發(fā)展我國現代集成制造系統的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,我們應把重點放在以人為本的思想、采用并行工程的理念、銜接的各種先進制造技術、協調發(fā)展, 并不斷吸收先進制造技術的成熟成果,為先進制造技術的國家,以推動社會各界更廣泛應用的作用.
目前,并行工程在美國,推廣使用階段,而且在商業(yè)化虛擬制造軟件投入市場,在這方面存在著巨大的差距,主要是:從研究、科研經費投入不足,研究力量分散,難以推廣使用的研究成果,嚴重浪費; 從企業(yè)方面,企業(yè)整體素質、管理落后、軟弱研究能力面對國際競爭,大多硬,很難在現代集成制造系統花費太多,而是由素質企業(yè)人員的限制,一些先進的技術還不易立即實際效果,這些企業(yè)都受應用先進制造技術的熱情; 從國家政策,而國家的高度重視制造業(yè),而是因為我們目前的狀況在改革過程中,很多機制同時運作,難以協調各利益集團利用資金往往,國家\的財政困難,而且還以金錢支持現代集成制造系統的研究. 針對這種情況,我們提出以下辦法:
(1)企業(yè)需求為出發(fā)點,"甩圖板"工程為契機,傳播民航技術、人員培訓等,以幫助企業(yè)提高質量的企業(yè)(包括技術標準、勞動態(tài)度、道德水平等),不斷提高企業(yè)的管理水平,計算機集成制造系統的成功示范企業(yè)推廣并行工程,并適當宣傳虛擬制造、 快速制造技術思想提供了堅實的基礎,為企業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展.
(2)在政府方面,政府應發(fā)揮協調職能,組織企業(yè)和科研部門的多方面、多層次的合作,加強科學研究,推廣和應用要組織多學科、跨地區(qū)的研究力量的共同問題; 從加強宏觀指導下的現代集成制造系統 我們集中智慧,制定符合中國發(fā)展計劃\國情和實施這一計劃的實施.
(3)在這方面的先進技術,導致過度追求世界,就應該根據實際業(yè)務需要,解決實際問題,努力創(chuàng)造有效,從而獲取資本和商業(yè)支持,以幫助建立一個良性循環(huán),推動進一步的研究. 同時,應該參與國際合作,跟蹤發(fā)展國際研究,當然也可以適當引進一些關鍵的、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ募夹g消化和創(chuàng)新,縮短我國與世界先進水平的差距,保持領先的技術.
(4)對我們的科學力量分散的弱點,以及分散生產網絡思想,利用計算機網絡開展合作研究,建立分布式網絡研究中心,研究協調. 分布式網絡所謂研究室就是利用信息技術、網絡技術、計算機技術、研究活動,真正的人、物、信息及研究進行全面一體化進程在某一時間內對共同目標的最佳組合的人員和單位進行科學研究. 調動各方面的積極性,共同努力,通過研究工作進行了廣泛、深入、縮短周期的研究,以提高科技競爭力,可以說分布網絡研究室是現實的功能研究機構網絡映射是一種"虛擬"工作模式.
基于上述原因,中國的發(fā)展現代集成制造系統應該以需求為驅動力的企業(yè),通過政府的政策和計劃的協調,繼續(xù)進行類似的工程,虛擬制造能力和制造綠色制造的研究和應用 分布式網絡和利用研究中心組織各地區(qū)的現代科研力量集中突破與集成制造系統密切相關的應用標準等措施,CORBA標準擴建,改革過程企業(yè)理論研究的戰(zhàn)略意義的理論研究工作,并逐步向現代集成制造系統成為我國制造業(yè)的靈魂.
附錄2
Modern integration manufacturing technique
Arising from the development of information technology revolution has enabled us to enter the information age. The information revolution is not only a source of ideas and lifestyle changes, and led to the production and manufacture of the huge philosophical change, it can be said that over the past decade the new manufacturing philosophy can not be separated from the provision of it support to information technology for the manufacture of advanced manufacturing technology is important for manufacturing in the period of historic change. Over the years, China's comprehensive national strength has been continually enhanced, and the approaching, the market is extremely competitive, from a seller's domestic market into a buyer's market, and is rapidly becoming part of the international market, many large and medium-sized enterprises at a disadvantage in the competition, and even bankruptcy, closure. The combination of China's national conditions, through the analysis of modern integrated manufacturing systems and advanced manufacturing technology relationship with our modern integrated manufacturing systems technology and development strategy and a way to do something useful for the development of our manufacturing exploration.
With the meaning of modern integrated manufacturing system positioning
Modern integrated manufacturing systems (Contemporary Integrated Manufacturing System) is a computer integrated manufacturing system, a new stage of development, and computer integrated manufacturing systems in succession outstanding on the basis of the outcome of its ongoing absorption of advanced manufacturing technology related to the essence of thinking, From information integration, process integration to the enterprise integration direction rapid development in advanced manufacturing technology at the core. Specifically, it would create the traditional technology and modern information technology, management technology, automation technology, systems engineering technology for organic integration through computer technology products to enterprises throughout the life cycle of the organization, management, administration and technical organic integration and optimization of the operation in the entire enterprise product life cycle of it, intelligence, and integration optimization, reached products listed fast and good service, good quality, low-cost end, and to improve enterprise soft, Jianzhuangxing and nimble nature of the enterprise in the fierce market competition invincible. From the integration perspective, the early computer integrated manufacturing system, focusing on information integration, and modern integrated manufacturing system integration concept in the breadth and depth of a great expansion, in addition to information integration, also achieved enterprise-wide product life cycle of the overall business process optimization, process integration, and the development of complementary businesses to enterprise integration between the stages.
Modern integrated manufacturing systems between countries should be the scope of the study plan and climbing between national research programmes. Compared with climbing planned research projects, it more results-oriented application, as will technology industrialization, and to promote the modernization of China's manufacturing process; Compared with the national research plan, it will pay more attention to the development of the manufacturing industry to address our common key issues, and forward-looking issues to one of the model.
A modern integrated manufacturing systems technology
Advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT-Advanced Manufacturing Technology) as a proper noun, is not yet a clear, consistent definition. Through its content and features research, the current common understanding : advanced manufacturing technology is a traditional manufacturing technology constantly absorbing mechanical, electronic, information, materials, energy and modern management, and other aspects of the results, and its integrated products for the design, manufacture, testing, management, sales, use, service manufacturing process, in order to achieve high quality, efficient, low, clean, flexible production, and the desired economic effects technology to create three-technology call the shopping strip. It has the following features :
From a technology-centred to people-centred change, the development of technology more responsive to human needs of the community; To blur the division of professional specialization from stress, multi-skill changes to the intelligence of workers can be brought into full play; From the multi-storey pyramid management structure of the network to face structural changes to reduce the levels and the intermediate links; from the traditional approach in order to parallel changes in working methods, reducing work cycle, and enhance the quality of work; from the functional sector fixed form autonomous management teams to dynamic changes in the working methods. Through advanced manufacturing technology definition and analysis of the characteristics we found that modern integrated manufacturing system with the most advanced manufacturing technology features advanced manufacturing technology is involved than the scope of modern integrated manufacturing systems and so on advanced manufacturing technology through comprehensive inspection, We have made a modern integrated manufacturing systems technology constitute model. As figure 1 shows that, in advanced manufacturing technology, the modern integrated manufacturing system in absorbing computer integrated manufacturing system, the outstanding achievements on the basis of the continuation of parallel projects, virtual manufacture, and successfully create a dynamic Union-depth research, and continually absorb advanced manufacturing technologies and successful experiences of advanced ideas, they will promote the use, This modern integrated manufacturing system for the advanced manufacturing technologies into the core, specify the following :
1, parallel works (CE-Concurrent Engineering) :
Parallel projects to be integrated, concurrent design of products and related processes (including manufacturing processes and support processes) system. It requires product development staff at the outset to consider the entire life cycle of products from conceptualization to product spent all factors, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirements. To achieve the purpose parallel to the main building highly integrated model through which to achieve the different sectors to work together; To design a successful product, reducing repeated it in many parts of the simulation technology; The modelling, simulation applications were included in the partial virtual manufacturing technology, It can be said that the parallel development of the project was to create a virtual manufacturing technologies conditions, virtual manufacturing technology will be based on concurrent engineering, parallel project is the further development of virtual manufacturing technologies. At the same time, in parallel engineering CAD, CAM, CAPP, technical support, respectively, for the original work in time and space overlapping and duplication, and make full use of existing technology and to absorb the current rapid development of computer technology, network technology and outstanding results, as advanced manufacturing technology base.
Although parallel projects in our work to study hot and have achieved some results, but there are still a number of current issues :
(1) The breadth and depth of study : Although parallel studies have been carried out extensive works, but in terms of research content perspective, or from the level of research that are obviously gaps. Such as : cost and quality of parallel projects in the application has just started, and suppliers have not been integrated agenda.
(2) the technology works in parallel with the practical enough : in practical technology research, commercialization software are not yet born, and foreign companies have already introduced commercial software (such as : the Pro-Engineering initials, the CADDS5 cv).
(3) the implementation of concurrent engineering enough : As weak research in the research are not fully flowering, parallel project implementation will be difficult. Moreover, the current domestic machinery industry in the fierce market competition-well, CAD/CAM remains to be universal, comprehensive implementation of a parallel project also lack basic physical infrastructure.
Works are due to the parallel position and our basic research inadequate, a decision must be as basic modern integrated manufacturing system in-depth research work has been carried out.
2, virtual manufacturing (VM-Virtual Manufacturing) :
Virtual manufacturing use of information technology, simulation technology, computer technology to the reality of the manufacturing activities of people, goods, information and manufacturing process for a comprehensive simulation to detect manufacturing problems that might appear during the product in actual production before the adoption of preventive measures, thus creating a one-time product success, to achieve lower costs and shorten product development cycles, The purpose is to enhance the competitiveness of products -- 4.
Currently, virtual manufacturing technology has been used abroad, such as : the design of an American company Boneing VS-X virtual aircraft available data gloves and helmets monitors to observe and control, aircraft designers to experience personally observe the outcome of the design of aircraft, and its exterior, the internal structure and the use of performance of the inspection; Japan's Matsushita companies develop virtual kitchen equipment manufacturing systems, allowing consumers to purchase goods in the former, in a virtual environment experience different kitchen equipment functions at its own preferences evaluation, selection and reorganization of the equipment, their choices will be stored and sent to the production sector through the network of production; Coventry School of Art and Design American Development virtual prototype system designers in the design of the initial phase of construction in the computer virtual prototype and evaluate this prototype of the 6.
Domestic research has just begun, mainly concentrated in three areas :
(1) virtual product design technologies :
Include virtual product development platform, and virtual testing, virtual assembly and machine tools, the virtual instrument designed to achieve. Qinghua University, which uses U.S. national equipment companies Labview development platforms achieved Suoxiang virtual circuits, machinery Sciences used C programming language and OpenGL initially achieved a three-dimensional virtual reality Garage under the parameters of the design, we can carry out the garage visual layout, design, analysis and simulation campaign.
(2) Virtual manufacturing technology products
Mainly hot material machining simulation, processing simulation, plate shaped simulation, molding manufacturing simulation. Campaign with Faw in Optris development board material shaped simulation software has been basically similar to the middle doors complexity of the vehicle and other coverage of the ram ram shaped pieces shaped process; Shenyang Institute of casting simulation software package developed electroslag have molded processes have been applied to water turbogenerator ESRD3D change toroidal flow components of the production, its products in volume and the Lijiaxia, construction, service and other peaceful use of seven power stations; Hefei Industrial University and the double-tool carrier digital lathe processing simulation software Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Company in the application of wheel Lungu plant to digital procedures to shorten the debugging time by several classes of a few hours, and to ensure a ban is successful; Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, machinery Sciences, Northeastern University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Changsha Railway College, and other units also developed a number of the simulation software. (3) virtual manufacturing system
Include virtual manufacturing technology architecture, technical support, development strategies. Which raised more mature ideas and possible by the Shanghai Tongji University Professor Zhang Shu decentralized network of production systems and Xi'an Jiaotong University warns Bo academicians formed another network research center.
From the above discussion, we can see there is a big difference between domestic and international research standards, and because it is virtual manufacturing technology works in parallel direction is the ability to create core, which meant that we have to it as the center of modern integrated manufacturing systems technology to drive relevant technology research, and their concerted smoothly.
3, nimble manufacturing (AM-Agile Manufacturing) :
Competitiveness and ability to create a degree of credibility based on the composition of virtual companies choose partners, work, work together for the same goal to enhance overall competitiveness, a rapid response to user demand to meet user needs. To achieve a rapid response capability, the establishment of a virtual enterprise is the key technology, the core of which is virtual manufacturing technology that is quickly creating a virtual manufacturing technology-based. Ability to create a modern integrated manufacturing system is integrated into the enterprise integration of information from the road, which represent the level of development of the level of development of modern integrated manufacturing system is the direction of development of modern integrated manufacturing systems.
Since 1991 the United States successfully manufactured thinking, the U.S. government sponsored numerous studies on the development of strong manufacturing units infrastructure and tools, and encourages the application of the model in different sectors of the economy, has now made some progress. For example : the rise in manufacturing production telemetry devices demonstration projects, which the California Joint sacred Asian National Laboratory, the Joint Signal Company Kansas C