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編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923228
學(xué)生姓名： 劉強(qiáng)力
指導(dǎo)教師： 鐘建剛（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 角片套冷沖壓工藝及級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923228
學(xué)生姓名： 劉強(qiáng)力
指導(dǎo)教師： 鐘建剛 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月20日
課題來源
無錫海諾公司電器的零件
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
沖壓件在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，尤其是大批量生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛。相當(dāng)多的工業(yè)部門越來越多地采用沖壓法加工產(chǎn)品零部件，如汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)、儀器、儀表、電子、航空、家電及輕工業(yè)登行業(yè)。在這些工業(yè)部門中，沖壓件所占的比重相當(dāng)大。
（2）研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
沖壓作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中一種十分重要的加工方法，用以生產(chǎn)各種板料零件,具有很多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，其成形件具有自重輕、剛度大、強(qiáng)度高、互換性好、成本低、生產(chǎn)過程便于實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化及生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是一種其它加工方法所不能相比和不可替代的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)，在制造業(yè)中具有很強(qiáng)的競爭力，被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、能源、機(jī)械、信息、航空航天、國防工業(yè)和日常生活的生產(chǎn)之中。
近幾十年來，沖壓技術(shù)有了飛速的發(fā)展，它不僅表現(xiàn)在許多新工藝與新技術(shù)在生產(chǎn)的廣泛應(yīng)用上，如：旋壓成形、軟模具成形、高能率成形等，更重要的是人們對沖壓技術(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)與掌握的程度有了質(zhì)的飛躍。
模具CAD/CAE/CAM是改造傳統(tǒng)模具生產(chǎn)方式的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，是一項(xiàng)高科技、高效益的系統(tǒng)工程。它以計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的形式，為企業(yè)提供一種有效的輔助工具，使工程技術(shù)人員借助于計(jì)算機(jī)對產(chǎn)品性能、模具結(jié)構(gòu)、成形工藝、數(shù)控加工及生產(chǎn)管理進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造周期，降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量已成為模具界的共識(shí)。
我國從上世紀(jì)90年代開始，華中科技大學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、西安交通大學(xué)和北京機(jī)電研究院等相繼開展了級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)的研究和開發(fā)。如華中科技大學(xué)模具技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室在AutoCAD軟件平臺(tái)上開發(fā)出基于特征的級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)HMJC，包括板金零件特征造型、基于特征的沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)、模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件及典型結(jié)構(gòu)建庫工具和線切割自動(dòng)編程5個(gè)模塊。
上海交通大學(xué)為瑞士法因托（Finetool）精沖公司開發(fā)成功精密沖裁級(jí)進(jìn)模CAC/CAM系統(tǒng)，西安交通大學(xué)開發(fā)出多工位彎曲級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD系統(tǒng)等。展望國內(nèi)外模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展，本世紀(jì)的科學(xué)技術(shù)正處于日新月異的變革之中，目前我國模具年生產(chǎn)總量雖然已位居世界第三，其中，沖壓模占模具總量的40%以上，但在
整個(gè)模具設(shè)計(jì)制造水平和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度上，與德國、美國、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還存在相當(dāng)大的差距。在設(shè)計(jì)制造方法、手段上已基本達(dá)到了國際水平，模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面也接近國際水平，在轎車模具國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步。但在制造質(zhì)量、精度、制造周期和成本方面，以國外相比還存在一定的差距。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的迅速發(fā)展，許多新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)，因而促進(jìn)了沖壓技術(shù)的不斷革新和發(fā)展。
模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化是模具工業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)正在不斷向傳統(tǒng)制造技術(shù)滲透、交叉、融合形成了現(xiàn)代模具制造技術(shù)。
研究內(nèi)容
（1）制件工藝分析和工藝方案制定
a 沖裁件的工藝分析：本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的零件對沖裁工藝有良好的適應(yīng)性，故采用沖裁工藝。
b 工藝方案制定：根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求，本次沖裁工藝方案采用落料沖孔復(fù)合模。
（2）必要的工藝計(jì)算
對沖裁件的尺寸大小，精度要求進(jìn)行相關(guān)計(jì)算。
（3）模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)；
模具的結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)包括工作部分，模架，沖模的輔助裝置與輔助機(jī)構(gòu)，橫向沖壓機(jī)構(gòu)。
（4）模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)及有關(guān)尺寸計(jì)算；
模具主要零件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算包括工作零件，定位零件，壓料、卸料及出件零件，導(dǎo)向零件，固定零件，緊固及其他零件。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
（1）收集相關(guān)資料，復(fù)習(xí)模具設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)知識(shí)；
（2）根據(jù)要求畫出設(shè)計(jì)草圖；
（3）沖壓工藝方案的制定；
（4）模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；
（5）模具零件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算；
（6）沖壓設(shè)備的選用；
（7）繪制裝配圖和零件圖；
（8）圖紙審核；
（9）編寫使用說明書和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。
2012年12月3日-2013年3月1日：工作計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度。
2013年3月4日-2013年3月15日：查閱參考資料，學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月18日-2013年4月12日：沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)，模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，刃口尺寸和主要零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和尺寸計(jì)算。
2013年4月15日-2013年5月3日：繪制模具裝配圖和零件圖。
2013年5月6日-2013年5月25日：工藝文件、畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
1．完成模具裝配圖：1張（A0或A1）；
2．零件圖：主要非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件零件圖（不少于5張）；
3．冷沖壓工藝卡片：1張；
4．設(shè)計(jì)說明書：1份；
5．翻譯8000以上外文印刷字符或譯出約5000左右漢字的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn)，內(nèi)容要盡量結(jié)合課題。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
沖壓是利用安裝在沖壓設(shè)備上（主要是壓力機(jī)）上的模具對材料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形，從而獲得所需零件（俗稱沖壓或沖壓件）的一種壓力加工方法。通常是在常溫下對材料進(jìn)行冷變形加工，且主要是采用板料來加工成所需零件，所以也加冷沖壓或板料沖壓。沖壓是材料壓力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一，隸屬于材料成型工程術(shù)。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
已具備的條件：
該零件材料黃銅H62，黃銅H62屬高新黃銅，具有較高的強(qiáng)度和優(yōu)良的冷、熱加工性，易于進(jìn)行各種形式的壓力加工，主要用于各種深拉伸和折彎的受力零件。有較好的強(qiáng)度和硬度，價(jià)格也比較適中。
零件形狀尺寸易通過落料、拉深、沖孔、整形、切片等沖壓工序獲得。
尚需解決的問題：
拉深件底部及部分圓角半徑偏小，故應(yīng)在拉深后另加整形工序，并用制造精度較高，間隙較小的模具來進(jìn)行加工。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
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英文原文
Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology
1 introduction
Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh.
On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties,, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable.
2 fast economical pattern makings technologies type
The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave.
2.1 fast prototypes manufactures technology
The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80's later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually.
RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. Under summarized already commercialization several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft.
2.1.1 lasers three-dimensional photoetching technology (SLA)
The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the product the three-dimensional model, through the microcomputer control laser, according to the determination path, is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning, causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector, is united as one body, forms the final three dimensional entity, after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and so on place the quantity, forms the workpiece or the mold.
The laser three-dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shape wilfully the complex shape, takes shape the precision high, simulation strong, material use factor high, performance reliable, the performance price quite is high. Suits the product outlook to appraise, the function experiment, fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold. But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive, causes its cost to be high.
2.1.2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology (LOM)
The LOM technology is through the computer three-dimensional model, the use laser selectively to its lamination slice, will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake, finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product.
Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly, takes shape the material small advantage, the cost lowly, because does not have changes, therefore does not have the thermal load, the contraction, the inflation, the warp and so on, therefore the shape is stable with an inch precision, after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time, specially the duplicate miscellaneous items interior waste material strips. This craft is suitable for the aviation, the automobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture.
2.1.3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology (SLS)
The SLS technology is the computer three-dimensional model through the lamination software its lamination, under the computer control, causes the laser beam basis lamination the slice section information to the powder by the level scanning, scans to the powder agglutinates the solidification (polymerization, agglutinates, caking, chemical reaction and so on), layer upon layer superimposes, piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece. This technical most major characteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials (the polycarbonate, the polyethylene chloride, the paraffin wax, the nylon, ABS,
The casting granulated substance) makes components.
2.1.4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology (FDM)
The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the condition material the spray nozzle, determines the geometry information according to the CAD product model lamination software, squeezes out half flow regime the heat to model the material deposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer, from bottow to top layer upon layer piles up a three dimensional entity, may make the mold or the product directly.
2.1.5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology (3D-P)
The 3D-P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing head continuously, the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material by the level on the powder level, finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printing two-dimensionalleve Justs like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology. This technical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porous ceramics on, its goal is produces the mold or ??? the manufacture directly by the CAD product model.
2.2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology
The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types.
2.2.1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology
The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m.
At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold.
2.2.2 electrolytic castings take shape the technology
The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface.
This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture.
2.2.3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology
The etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal surface.
This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.
2.3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique
Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold.
2.3.1 tin metal alloy system mold technique
The tin metal alloy makes the mold technique quickly is a basis through the kind piece, with total metal alloy of ( the orders 138 ℃s, the bulge rate is thousand times it three) of the Bi- Sn( tin of ) two dollars for material, have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold, cave mold, press a kind of technique of the side turn.Should the technical characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the metal alloy is re-usable, the manufacturing period is short, the size accuracy is high, the shape, size and the kind pieces agree with completely, a mold for casting life span can amount to 500-3000, very in keeping with new product development, craft verification, the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace.
2.3.2 zinc metal alloy system mold technique
This is a kind of to take the kind piece( or the kind mold) as the basis, with the order for 380℃ or so zinc metal alloys for material, sprinkle to note the convex and cave mold respectively, a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process in principle.The technique's characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the period is short, being applicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtle to cut the mold and plastics molds.
2.3.3 resin compounds model the molding tool technique
This is a kind of to take the kind mold( or the craft model) as the basis, taking resin or its compound materials as the fluid material, sprinkling the convex( cave) mold of outpouring first, again the convex( cave) mold of basis sticks up the wax slice( the cleft layer), sprinkling to note the convex( cave) mold.A surface that that technique model does not need the machine to process.The that technique and CAD/ CAMs combine together, the characteristics is the molding tool size accuracy high, the manufacturing period is short, the cost is low, is the new product manufacture on a trial basis, the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path.Be applicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold( also can the part inset the steel), vacuum to absorb the and gather the ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold, porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc..
2.3.4 rubbers of system mold technique
That technique take making a prototype or models as the basis, making into soft rubber of system piece, then depend the high pressure dint and models to fit together completely.
2.4 extrusions takes shape the technology
2.4.1 cold extrusions takes shape
Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution.
2.4.2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology
This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL.
2.5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology
Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming
2.6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology
The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for ±0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low.
2.7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting
Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important.
The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymet