高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 教材知識梳理 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero課件 新人教版必修1.ppt

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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.qualityn.質(zhì)量,品質(zhì);性質(zhì) 2.meanadj.吝嗇的;自私的;卑鄙的 vt.深愛的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,7.foundvt.建立,建設(shè) 8.peacefuladj.和平的;平靜的 peacen.和平;安靜 peacefullyadv.和平地;平靜地 9.guidancen.指導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo) guidevt.引導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng) 10.legaladj.法律的,依照法律的 illegal(反義詞)adj.非法的,違法的 11.votevt.猛烈的,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,14.equaladj.相等的,平等的 equallyadv.相等地,同等地 equalityn.平等 unequal(反義詞)adj.不平等的 15.unfairadj.不公正的,不公平的 fair(反義詞) adj.公正的,公平的 16.escapevt.培訓(xùn) educationaladj.教育的,有教育意義的 18.begvi.請求,乞求,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,19.rewardn.報酬;獎金 vt.酬勞;獎賞 20.sentencevt.判決,宣判 n.句子 21.opinionn.意見;看法,主張,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.devote.to. 致力于…… 2.out of work 失業(yè) 3.as a matter of fact 事實上 4.blow up 使充氣;爆炸 5.in trouble 在(危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等)的處境中 6.turn to 求助于;致力于 7.lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心 e to power 當(dāng)權(quán);上臺 9.set up 設(shè)立,建立 10.be sentenced to 被判處……(徒刑),,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.……只有在那時,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 2.他在午餐后的休息時間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。 He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.,,,Elias,who is a poor black worker in South Africa,had very little 1.education(educate) because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.After trying hard,he got a job in a gold mine.However,he would become out of work because he did not have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.2.Fortunately(fortune),he met Nelson Mandela,a kind black lawyer,who often offered 3.guidance(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.Nelson Mandela told Elias how to get the correct papers to stay in Johannesburg,4.which made Elias become more hopeful about his future.,,,,,5.As a matter of fact,black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted and even they were sent to live in the 6.poorest(poor) parts of South Africa.There wasn’t a stage where they had rights at all.Elias joined the ANC Youth League,7.organized(organize) by Nelson Mandela.“.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was 8.peaceful(peace);when this was not allowed.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” said Nelson Mandela.Elias was happy 9.to help(help) Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings even if he could be put into prison.He knew it would help them achieve their dream 10.of making black and white people equal.,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?devote vt.獻(xiàn)身;專心于 A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.偉人是把他/她的一生都致力于幫助他人的人。(教材原句P33) ◆常見用法 devote sth.to (doing) sth.把時間(錢,精力等)用于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth.獻(xiàn)身于/致力于…… After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.畢業(yè)之后他繼續(xù)致力于研究工作。 He devoted himself to helping the poor.他致力于幫助窮人。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都獻(xiàn)給了造福人類的事業(yè)。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.devotion n.奉獻(xiàn);忠誠;專心 devotion to 對……的忠誠/關(guān)愛 2.devoted adj.忠實的;深愛的 be devoted to (doing) sth.獻(xiàn)身于/專心于…… He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.他仍致力于化學(xué)研究。 The students are devoted to their studies.學(xué)生們專心于學(xué)習(xí)。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.We appreciated his devotion(devote) of time and money to the project. 2.The woman scientist was so busy that she could hardly devote time to her children. 3.He devoted his whole life to doing(do) scientific research.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?vote vt.表決 Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.(當(dāng)時)黑人沒有選舉權(quán),他們無權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。(教材原句P34) The law was passed on a second vote.此法在第二次表決時通過。 ◆常見用法 1.vote to do sth.表決做某事 vote for投票贊成 vote against投票反對 vote on/upon就……投票表決 vote through 投票通過 vote sb.out of office 通過投票表決把某人趕下臺,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,2.get one’s vote獲得某人的選票 pass a vote 通過決議 put.to the vote付諸……表決/裁決 the right to vote選舉權(quán),投票權(quán) have a vote有表決權(quán) We are going to vote on the plan.我們打算就這一提案進(jìn)行表決。 I may vote for her at the next election.下屆選舉我可能選她。 Parliament voted the bill through without a debate.國會未經(jīng)辯論就投票通過了這項法案。 Only members of the team have a vote.只有這個團(tuán)體的成員才有表決權(quán)。 ◆拓展延伸 vote for表示“投票贊同”;vote against表示“投票反對”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:be for/against“支持/反對”,fight for/against“為……而戰(zhàn)斗/為反對……而戰(zhàn)斗”。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用vote的相關(guān)短語完成句子 1.在中國,未滿18歲的人沒有選舉權(quán)。 In China,people aged under 18 don’t have the right to vote. 2.既然我們沒有辦法達(dá)成一致,現(xiàn)在我們就這個問題進(jìn)行投票表決。 Since we can’t reach any agreement,now we vote on/upon the problem. 3.我呼吁大家反對殺害野生動物。 I urge everybody to vote against the killing of wild animals.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?equal adj.相等的,平等的;勝任的 vt.比得上;等于 But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是,我很樂意幫忙,因為我知道這有助于我們實現(xiàn)黑人與白人平等的夢想。(教材原句P34) ◆常見用法 1.be equal with.與……平等 be equal to (doing) sth.等于;能勝任;經(jīng)得起……的 be equal in在……方面相等的 2.equal in在……相等 equal with與……平等 equal to等于,相當(dāng)于,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力并非都是一樣的。 In many respects Asian women see themselves as equal to their husband.在很多方面,亞洲女性都認(rèn)為自己和丈夫是平等的。 No one equals him in strength.論力氣,無人能和他相比。 ◆拓展延伸 equally adv.相等地,平等地 equality n.平等 反義詞：unequaladj.不平等的 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.As is often pointed out,knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally(equal) for good or evil. 2.I’m not equal to the position.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?escape vt.(從……)逃脫,逃離;躲避;使免于 vi.逃脫,逃走;泄露 n.逃走;泄露 It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。(教材原句P38) ◆常見用法 1.escape doing sth.躲避做某事 escape from 從……中逃出(脫) escape being done逃過被…… escape prison逃脫牢獄之災(zāi) escape from prison越獄 escape with one’s life逃命 escape without harm 安然逃脫,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,2.an escape from.從……逃離 make one’s escape逃走,逃離 a narrow escape九死一生,幸免于難 We were lucky to escape being punished.我們很幸運,沒有受罰。 The criminal escaped from prison,and the policemen were running behind.犯人從獄中逃跑,警察在后面追。 The man managed to escape without harm.那個男人安然逃脫。 The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽車逃走了。 I congratulated myself on my narrow escape when a billboard fell from a high building.當(dāng)一塊大的廣告牌從一座高樓掉下來時,我暗自慶幸自己死里逃生。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.escape指脫離或避開即將來臨或近在眼前的傷害、危險、災(zāi)禍,常作借喻用。 He narrowly escaped being drown.他險些被溺死。 2.flee表示“逃跑”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。相當(dāng)于run away from。 The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions,but few of them could escape.敵兵四處逃竄,但很少能逃出去。 3.avoid強(qiáng)調(diào)有意識地躲避不愉快的或可能發(fā)生危險的事物或情況。 I cannot avoid meeting her.我怎么也避不開她。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.In the accident,he was lucky to escape being killed(kill). 2.The soldier escaped from the enemy’s prison.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?sentence vt.判決,宣判 n.句子;判決 sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws因為鼓勵反抗黑人法律的暴力行為而被判處5年勞役(教材原句P39) ◆常見用法 1.sentence for 因……而判刑 sentence (sb.) to判處(某人) be sentenced to.被判處……(徒刑) be sentenced to death被判死刑 2.under sentence 被判刑 make a sentence/sentences (with) (用……)造句,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,Ten army officers were sentenced to death.十名軍官被判處死刑。 The judge sentenced him to do hard labor.法官判他服勞役。 Please make a sentence with the following words given.請用下面所給的詞造句。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.The murderer was sentenced to death for having killed his wife. 2.Have you gone through these sentences(sentence)?,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?out of work 失業(yè);出故障 Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there,and I worried about whether I would become out of work.糟糕的是我沒有這個證件,因為我不是在那里出生的,我很擔(dān)心我是不是會失業(yè)。(教材原句P34) ◆拓展延伸 out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of control 失控 out of sight看不見 out of order出故障;亂七八糟 out of danger脫離危險 out of date過時的,過期的 out of place位置不當(dāng),重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,out of question毫無疑問,的確 out of the question不可能 The instrument went out of order.這個儀器發(fā)生故障。 Gosh!My weight is out of control.天哪!我的體重失控了。 So far there has been no news about whether he is out of danger.到現(xiàn)在為止還不知道他是否脫險。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用out of的相關(guān)短語完成句子 1.展出的服裝都過時了。 The dresses on show are out of date. 2.我已經(jīng)失業(yè)3個多月了,我迫不及待想開始新工作。 After out of work for over three months,I am anxious to start my new job.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?in trouble 在(危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等)的處境中 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.當(dāng)伊萊亞斯處于困境中的時候他就去求助納爾遜·曼德拉。(教材原句P35) Do as you’re told,otherwise you’ll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做,否則會有麻煩。 He is always ready to help those in trouble.他總是樂于幫助那些處境困難的人。 ◆拓展延伸 1.make trouble 惹是生非,制造麻煩 get into trouble遇到麻煩;陷入困境 ask for/look for trouble找麻煩 have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難 have trouble with sth.對……有麻煩 take (the) trouble to do sth.盡心盡力做某事,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.=trouble sb.to do sth.麻煩某人做某事 put sb.to trouble給某人添麻煩 2.“in+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語: in danger處于危險中 in peace 處于和平狀態(tài) in control在控制下 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?in battle在戰(zhàn)斗中,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.For example,if we notice a group of teenagers who seem to be looking for trouble,or someone destroying property,we report to the police. 2.Do you have any trouble learning(learn) English? 3.Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?turn to求助于;致力于;翻到;轉(zhuǎn)到;變成 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?為了讓黑人和白人平等,為什么納爾遜·曼德拉求助于暴力?(教材原句P35) We can turn to him for help.我們可以求助于他。 I tried to stand on my own feet rather than turned to my parents.我設(shè)法自立而不求助于我的父母。 ◆拓展延伸 turn up出現(xiàn);把(開關(guān))開大 turn down拒絕;調(diào)低 turn (.) into.(使)變成;翻譯成,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,turn in上交 turn off/on關(guān)上/打開(收音機(jī)、電燈等) turn over翻轉(zhuǎn);移交 turn out結(jié)果是,證明是;在場;露面 turn around/round轉(zhuǎn)身;調(diào)頭 The company turned down his proposal.公司拒絕了他的建議。 Can you turn the letter into French? 你能將此信譯成法語嗎? I can’t hear the radio very well.Could you turn it up a bit? 我聽不太清楚收音機(jī)(的聲音),你把聲音開大點行嗎?,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1.She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer,but she doesn’t know whom to turn to. 2.She kept turning over the events of the day in her mind. 3.Despite our worries,everything turned out well.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?only位于句首的倒裝 .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有在那時,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。(教材原句P34) 當(dāng)“only+狀語”位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝形式,即把謂語的一部分提到主語前面,即構(gòu)成“Only+狀語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+其他”。Only后接的狀語可以是副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句。 Only in this way can we learn English well.只有這樣,我們才能學(xué)好英語。 I failed in the final examination last term and only then did I realize the importance of studies.上學(xué)期期終考試我沒有及格,只有那時我才意識到學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。 Only when he arrived did we feel calm.只有他來了,我們才能安心。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆特別提醒 1.only在句首修飾主語時,語序不倒裝。 2.若位于句首的不是“only+狀語”,而是 “only+賓語”等,則通常無須倒裝(但有時也可以倒裝)。 Only one thing can make him change his mind.只有一件事能使他改變主意。 Only a policeman the children saw in the street.孩子們在街上只看到一個警察。 Only one more point will I make.我只會再說明一點。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。 Only in the reading-room can you find him. 2.只有到那時我才明白她的意思。 Only then did I understand what she meant. 3.只有到我離開父母去意大利時我才意識到我有多么愛他們。 Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?should have done本應(yīng)該做某事(實際上未做) He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息時間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。(教材原句P38) should have done表示本來應(yīng)該做某事,而實際上并沒有做。should not have done sth.表示本來不該做而實際上做了某事,含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的意味。能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的情態(tài)動詞有need,should,could,would,might,ought to等。 1.must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測,意為“一定做過某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 2.can have done表示對過去行為的懷疑,用于疑問句,譯成“可能做過……嗎?”。can’t have done表示對過去情況的否定推測,意為“不可能做過某事”。 3.could have done表示對過去情況的假設(shè),意為本來能夠做某事而沒有做,是虛擬語氣。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,4.may have done表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測,意為“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”,用于肯定句中。 5.might have done表示對過去事情的推測,might與may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。 6.would have done表示對過去情況的假設(shè),意思是“本來會做”,虛擬語氣。 7.ought to have done表示過去應(yīng)該做而實際并沒有做,意為“理應(yīng)做……”,往往表示遺憾。與“should have done”用法基本一樣。 8.need have done表示本來需要做某事而沒有做。needn’t have done表示本來不需要做而實際上做了某事。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因為地面還是濕的。 Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我剛才還在圖書館見過他。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.本來他能夠通過考試,但是他太粗心。 She might have achieved greater progress,if you had given her more chances.如果你多給她點機(jī)會,她可能已經(jīng)取得更好的成績。 I would have told you all about the boy’s story,but you didn’t ask me.我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事,但是你沒有問我。 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.我本來沒有必要買這么多酒,只來了五個人。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.你本不應(yīng)該休班,這給其他人都造成了負(fù)擔(dān)。 You shouldn’t have taken the day off from work,which created a burden for everyone else.(take) 2.他不可能走遠(yuǎn),因為他的手機(jī)還在這里。 He can’t have gone far,for his mobile phone is still here.(go) 3.沒有你的幫助,我不會取得如此大的成績。 Without your help,I wouldn’t have achieved so much.(achieve) 4.他或許會多給你一些幫助,即使他很忙。 He might have given you more help,even though he was busy.(give),,,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·湖南高考改編)Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 1.did?！皁nly+狀語”位于句首,引起部分倒裝。句意:直到與兩名學(xué)生交談之后我才發(fā)現(xiàn),具有強(qiáng)烈的動機(jī)是達(dá)成目標(biāo)的最大因素之一。 2.(2015·天津高考改編)Tom had to turn down the (invite) to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 2.invitation。所填詞前面有the修飾,此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語。 3.(2015·湖北高考改編)Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later. 3.up。句意:別著急,我相信,你丟失的眼鏡遲早會被找到的。這里用turn up表示“出現(xiàn),(被)找到”。,4.(2015·福建高考改編)—Sorry,Mom!I failed the job interview again. —Oh,it’s too bad.You should have made full (prepare). 4.preparations。此處表示“做好準(zhǔn)備”,應(yīng)用名詞形式。 5.(2015·四川高考改編)Out of (breathe),I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off. 5.breath。out of breath為固定搭配,意為“喘不過氣,上氣不接下氣”。 6.(2014·陜西高考改編)Ralph W.Emerson would always set new ideas that occurred to him. 6.down。此處指艾默生總是將腦海里一閃而過的主意記下來,set down為固定搭配,意為“記下”。 7.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ改編)He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town,he was strong and (power). 7.powerful。此空作表語,與strong并列。用power的形容詞形式powerful。,8.(2013·天津高考改編)If you are trouble,Mike is always willing to lend a hand. 8.in。固定短語in trouble,意為“有困難;處于困境中”。句意:如果你遇上麻煩,Mike總是樂意幫助你。 9.(2011·廣東高考改編)In homes with cats and dogs living (peace),researchers observed a surprising behavior. 9.peacefully。修飾動詞live要用peace的副詞形式peacefully。 10.They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 10.should。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用should have done表示“應(yīng)該做過某事,但實際上沒有”。,二、單元話題微寫作 英雄 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.Dave是一名熟練的打字員。由于老板很苛刻,所以Dave一直想轉(zhuǎn)行。(skillful;strict;have a keen interest in) 2.一天Dave在回家的路上很意外地制止了一場斗毆,經(jīng)記者報道后他成了英雄。(accidentally;fight) 3.被解救的人中有一名是導(dǎo)演,他的新電影需要一個不平常的英雄角色。(unusual;character) 4.Dave參演了這部電影,賺了很多錢。(get involved in;raise) 5.Dave變得自負(fù),飄飄乎不知所以然。(get a feeling of soaring into the sky),Dave,was a skillful typist,had a keen interest in changing his career due to his strict boss.One day,on his way home,Dave accidentally stopped a fight and became a hero after being reported by journalists.Fortunately,Dave saved a director,whose new movie needed an unusual hero character.Dave got involved in the movie,and then raised a lot of money.Soon afterwards Dave was far too confident,and got a feeling of soaring into the sky.,