（江蘇專版）高考英語二輪復習與策略 專題限時集訓11 名詞-人教版高三全冊英語試題

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1、專題限時集訓(十一)　名詞 高考題組 1．(2016·江蘇高考，24)—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full，definitely. A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt A　[考查語境選詞。句意：“你能告訴我們你幸福和長壽的秘訣(recipe)嗎？”“確切地說，要充實過好每一天?！盇項recipe意為“秘訣”，符合語境。record記錄，檔案；range范圍，界限；receipt收據(jù)，收條。] 【導學

2、號：57732048】 2．(2015·江蘇高考，32)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements B　[考查語境選詞。句意：一些學校將不得不做出調整，以便和國家足球改革保持一致。judgment評價，看法；adjustment調整，適應；comment評論，議論；achievement成就，成績。既然要和國家足球改革保持一致(in agreement wi

3、th the national soccer reform)，那么就應該做出調整(make adjustments)，故選B項。] 3．(2015·江蘇高考，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave. —I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________． A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets C　[考查語境選詞。句意：——去向你媽媽道歉，戴夫。——我想去，但我擔心她對我的道歉不滿意。request要求，請求；excuse理由，借

4、口；apology道歉，致歉；regret懊悔，遺憾。根據(jù)前面的say sorry“道歉”判斷選C項。] 4．(2014·江蘇高考，27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election. A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue A　[考查語境選詞。句意：她兩年前被軟禁，但在去年的選舉中仍然是一個很強勢的具有代表性的人物。symbol的本義是“象征，符號，標志”，可以引申為“具有某一特性或思想的

5、代表/代表性人物”，符合語境。portrait肖像；identity身份；statue雕像，塑像。] 5．(2016·天津高考，10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight. A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance D　[考查語境選詞。句意：天氣預報說多云，今天夜間下雨的可能性(chance)不大。D項chance意為“可能性”，符合語境。effect結果，效應；sense感覺，理解力；change變化，改變。] 6．

6、(2016·浙江高考，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________． A．condition B．income C．credit D．status C　[考查語境選詞。句意：按時繳付電費很重要，因為晚交可能會影響你的信用(credit)。credit意為“信用”，符合語境。condition條件，情況；income收入，收益；status身份，職位。] 7．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective wa

7、ys to reduce________is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. A．production B．stress C．energy D．power B　[考查語境選詞。句意：減少________最有效的方式之一就是與你信任的人聊聊感受。與信任的人聊感受可以減少“壓力(stress)”。production(生產)，energy(能源，能量)，power(權力，影響力)，均與語境不符。] 8．(2015·湖北高考，22)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ wh

8、en he went to carry out the secret task. A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．treasure C　[考查語境選詞。句意：當他去執(zhí)行這項秘密任務的時候，他給自己起了一個新的名字來隱藏自己的__________。根據(jù)題干中的a new name和the secret task可知，在執(zhí)行秘密任務的時候他的“身份(identity)”是保密的。emotion情感；talent天才；treasure財富。] 9．(2015·福建高考，24)The failure was a big ________ to him, but

9、he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. A．blow B．issue C．excuse D．factor A　[考查語境選詞。句意：這次失敗對他來說是個大的________，但是他并未感到沮喪并且很快變得和以前一樣充滿熱情。blow打擊；issue問題，(報刊的)期，號；excuse借口，托辭；factor因素。根據(jù)題干中的but he wasn't discouraged(但是他并未感到沮喪)可推知，這次失敗對他來說是個大的“打擊(blow)”。故答案為A項。] 10．(2015·安徽高考，30)Ther

10、e is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________and then let me know. A．thought B．support C．protection D．authority A　[本題結合名詞詞義辨析考查語境選詞。句意：現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。多思考(thought)一下，再讓我知道。support支持；protection保護；authority權威。] 模擬題組 1．(2016·南京調研)—What's up, detective? —I thought the case was off.Eve

11、rything fell into ________ so perfectly.But I'm wrong. A．place B．step C．pieces D．ruins A　[考查名詞。句意：“怎么了，偵探？”“我原以為這起案件結束了。一切都真相大白了。但是我錯了?！眆all into place意為“清晰，明朗化，理出頭緒”；fall into step意為“與……合上步伐，步調一致”；fall into pieces意為“成為碎片，變得破舊”；fall into ruins意為“毀壞，成為廢墟，破敗不堪”。] 2．(2016·南京調研)We do not have the _

12、_______ and therefore cannot afford the latest computer software. A．supplies B．facilities C．sources D．resources D　[考查名詞。句意：我們沒有錢，所以負擔不起最新的電腦軟件。resource意為“財力，資源；有助于實現(xiàn)目標的東西，資料”；supply意為“供應，供給，補給”；facility意為“設施，設備；場所；天賦，才能”；source意為“來源，出處；源頭，發(fā)源地；起源，根源，原因”。] 3．(2016·鹽城第一學期期中考試)College grad

13、uates are caught in an annoying situation between a lack of jobs if they leave and a ____________ on higher education if they stay. A．compromise B．squeeze C．burden D．passion B　[考查名詞。句意：大學畢業(yè)生陷入了進退兩難的窘境：如果選擇畢業(yè)則缺少工作，如果選擇深造則面臨每個人獲得高等教育的機會減少(繼續(xù)學習的人數(shù)增多，會導致個人被錄取的幾率降低)。squeeze意為“拮據(jù)，經濟困難；擠壓，擁擠”；compromise

14、意為“妥協(xié)，讓步”；burden意為“負擔，重負”；passion意為“激情，熱情；愛好，酷愛”。] 4．(2016·鎮(zhèn)江第一學期期中考試)The Chinese women's volleyball team won the 2016 Olympic Games victory, which was beyond our wildest ________． A．inspirations B．expectations C．invitations D．cooperations B　[考查名詞。句意：中國女子排球隊贏得了2016年奧運會的勝利，這是我們做夢都沒有想到的。beyond one

15、's wildest expectations/dreams為固定短語，意為“遠遠出乎所料，大大超出希望，做夢都沒有想到”。expectation意為“期望，預期”；inspiration意為“靈感，啟發(fā)；激勵，鼓舞”；invitation意為“邀請；請柬”；cooperation意為“合作，協(xié)作”。] 【導學號：57732049】 5．(2016·蘇北四市摸底)Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize in Medicine for her discoveries that helped doctors fight malaria and ____________ cause

16、d by roundworm parasites. A．injections B．infections C．prescriptions D．presentations B　[考查名詞辨析。句意：屠呦呦因為發(fā)現(xiàn)了有助于醫(yī)生治療瘧疾以及蛔蟲寄生蟲感染的方法而獲得了諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎。根據(jù)空格后面的caused by roundworm parasites可知，infections意為“感染”，符合語境。injection意為“注射”；prescription意為“處方”；presentation意為“展示；呈現(xiàn)”。] 6．(2016·蘇北四市摸底)In spite of his _______

17、_ to be a scholar in that field, he is not well equipped with that talent. A．potential B．competence C．ambition D．character C　[考查名詞辨析。句意：雖然他有著想在那個領域里面成為學者的雄心壯志，但是他缺乏那種才智。potential意為“潛力”；competence意為“能力；勝任”；ambition意為“野心；雄心；抱負”；character意為“性格”。根據(jù)題干后半句he is not well equipped with that talent可知，只有C項符

18、合語境。] 7．(2016·南京、鹽城一模)A worldwide ________ to healthier diets is one of many actions that need to be taken to avoid dangerous climate change. A．shift B．admission C．witness D．response A　[考查名詞。句意：全世界轉向更健康的飲食是避免危險的氣候變化所必須采取的諸多行動之一。shift意為“改變，轉移，轉換”；admission意為“承認；準許進入；入場費”；witness意為“證人，目擊者”；resp

19、onse意為“回答，回應”。] 8．(2016·南京、鹽城一模)Beijing has set the city's population ____________ at 23 million by 2020 due to water scarcity and big city diseases such as traffic jam. A．budget B．ceiling C．explosion D．standard B　[考查名詞。句意：由于水資源短缺和諸如交通擁堵之類的“大城市病”，北京已經將2020年的人口上限確定為2 300萬。ceiling意為“上限，最高限度”；bud

20、get意為“預算”；explosion意為“爆炸；激增”；standard意為“標準，水平”。] 9．(2016·南通第一次調研)—Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem. —You know, music is the source of ____________ in life. A．inspiration B．identification C．reaction D．recreation A　[考查名詞。句意：“西蒙每次遇到數(shù)學難題都會聽音樂?！薄澳阒赖?，在生活中音樂是靈感的來

21、源。”inspiration意為“靈感，啟發(fā)；激勵，鼓舞”；identification意為“識別，鑒定，確認；身份證明”；reaction意為“反應，回應”；recreation意為“消遣，娛樂”。] 10．(2016·南通、連云港二模)Children enjoying parents' ____________ during their growth tend to have better living habits than left－behind children. A．company B．compromise C．command D．comprehension A　

22、[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在成長過程中有父母陪伴的孩子往往比留守兒童有更好的生活習慣。company“陪伴”；compromise“妥協(xié)，讓步”；command“命令”；comprehension“理解力”。根據(jù)語境，選A項。] 11．(2016·南京、鹽城二模)Estella showed me the way with a candle.When she opened the side entrance, the ____________ of the daylight quite confused me. A．trend B．rush C．crash D．increase

23、B　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Estella用蠟燭給我引路。當她打開側門時，突然照入的陽光使我眩暈。trend趨勢；rush沖，猛烈移動；crash碰撞，崩潰；increase增加。此處形容外面的陽光一開門的時候突然照射進來，rush符合語境，故選B項。] 12．(2016·揚州一模)The proposals deserve support as the needs of children should be given ____________ to. A．priority B．preference C．privilege D．promotion A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這

24、些提議應該得到支持，因為孩子的需要應該被給予優(yōu)先考慮。preference偏好，偏愛；privilege特權；promotion提升，晉升，推銷，均不符合語境。priority優(yōu)先權，孩子的需要應該被給予優(yōu)先考慮，符合語境，故選A項。] 13．(2016·泰州二模)As is often the case, teachers' ____________ with parents involve complaints about children's misbehavior and laziness in school. A．acquaintances B．n

25、egotiations C．conferences D．consultations C　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：老師跟家長的討論都有著他們對孩子在學校的不良行為和懶散的不滿，這是經常的事情。acquaintance認識的人，熟人；negotiation協(xié)商，談判；consultation咨詢，磋商。conference會議，討論，符合題意，故選C項。] 14．(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模)Since it is common ____________ to copy others' designs, the Council of Fashion Designers has rece

26、ntly urged the government to pass laws to protect designers' rights. A．practice B．standard C．sense D．activity A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于抄襲他人的設計是一種慣例，最近時裝設計者委員會敦促政府通過法律保護設計者的權益。standard標準；sense意識，感覺；common sense常識；activity活動。common practice慣例，通常的做法，符合題意，故選A項。] 15．(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well，you know, English is my ____________．So it is my best choice. A．talent B．strength C．ability D．skill B　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：——你為什么選擇去一家國際旅行機構工作呢？——哦，你知道的，英語是我的強項。所以這是我的最佳選擇。talent天賦；ability能力；skill技巧。strength長處，強項，符合題意，故選B項。]