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1、 高高 三三 英英 語語專專 題題 復復 習習 閱讀理解閱讀理解 鄭集中學高三英語組鄭集中學高三英語組 高 三 英 語閱讀理解1 1高考閱讀理解常見題型高考閱讀理解常見題型A.Main ideas B.Guess the meaning C.Details D.Inference&judgment 高考閱讀理解常見題型A.Main ideas 2 2主旨大意題主旨大意題-Main Ideas 主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般
2、不易在文中直接找的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。到答案。主旨大意題3 3 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),accord
3、ing to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialis
4、ts admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childr
5、ens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,acco
6、rding to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program59.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C.Service in a public library.D.A special reading program._高考題重現(xiàn)高考題重現(xiàn)Example and success of the pro4 4方法指導方法指導 1、確
7、定、確定主題句；（如：（如：“for example”“first”“second”等等之前的句子中或者之前的句子中或者“all in all”“above all”等之后的句子后。）等之后的句子后。）2、文章、文章“著墨著墨”最多的點即文章的主旨意。最多的點即文章的主旨意。Return方法指導 1、確定主題句；Return5 5How to find the topic sentences?How to find the topic sentences?Features of the topic sentences：1).1).相對于其他句子，它表達的意思比較概括；相對于其他句子，它表達的意
8、思比較概括；2).2).主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；3).3).段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展相段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展相 互題句所表達的思想的。互題句所表達的思想的。How to find the topic sentence6 6Example 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and
9、eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證一個主題句常常是一個段落的開
10、頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。性細節(jié)。Example 1（1）主題句在段首 練中學7 7Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same
11、 time.(2)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)作者先擺出事實依據(jù),層層推理論證層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題。即段落的主題。練中學Example 2(2)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺8 8 Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern fla
12、shlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.(3)3)在短文中間在短文中間主題句也可以安排在段中間,此時前面只提出問題，文中的主題由其后陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出,然后再作進一步的解釋,支持或發(fā)展._ Example 3(3)在短文中間主題句也可以安排在
13、段9 9如何考?1.What is the topic of the text?(NMET93)2.The text is mainly about _.(NMET95)3.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(NMET98)4.What would be the best title for the text?(2004全國全國)如何考?1.What is the topic of the1010I:English is clearly an international languag
14、e.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.本段主題句為首句本段主題句為首句,其后的內(nèi)容均說明首句其后的內(nèi)容均說明首句。Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.鞏固練習鞏固練習I:English is clearly an inte1111 II.Just as I se
15、ttle down to read or watch television,he demands that I play with him.If I get a telephone call,he screams in the background or knocks something over.I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him.Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace.Usua
16、lly he wants half of whatever I have to eat.Then,when he finally grows tired,it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.有時段落是先介紹背景和細節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括有時段落是先介紹背景和細節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。_ II.Just as I settle down t1212A Little Game（腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎）1.Whi
17、ch travels faster,heat or cold?Heat.Because you can catch a cold.2.Where does Friday come before Thursday?In the dictionary.3.Its yours,but others use it more than you do.What is it?Your name.A Little Game（腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎）1.Which t1313猜測詞義題猜測詞義題 Guess the meaning Guess the meaning 在閱讀中常要求學生猜測某些單詞在閱讀中常要求學生猜測某些
18、單詞或短語的意思或短語的意思,詞義的猜測貫穿在文章的詞義的猜測貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。歷年高考中均有此類題閱讀理解之中。歷年高考中均有此類題目。目。猜測詞義題 Guess the meaning 1414生活生活常識常識上下文上下文對比對比轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折因果因果關(guān)系關(guān)系同位同位關(guān)系關(guān)系同義詞同義詞反義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法定義定義猜猜Return方法指導方法指導生活上下文對比因果同位同義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜Return方法指導1515高考題重現(xiàn)高考題重現(xiàn) The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered
19、 the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps.But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above riverIf the river flooded，they sho
20、uld be safe there58The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to_.A.money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C.supplies for family use Dfarm animals (06江西卷江西卷)_1.上下文上下文高考題重現(xiàn) The whole family ha1616The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.2.2.定義法定義法 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由定
21、義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is，or，that is(to say),in other words，be called，be known as,be defined as等詞匯等詞匯或破折號來表示或破折號來表示 小小結(jié)結(jié)牧人牧人2.定義法 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is，1717 With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confid
22、ence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:無條件的，絕對的無條件的，絕對的沒有判斷力的沒有判斷力的3.3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等 With their shining b1818disinmisunnon否定前綴recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前綴重復共同,平等小過度超出-后副的使-可能遠程-前常用前綴常用前綴dis否定前綴re其它前綴重復共同,平等小過度超出-后副1919嫁妝嫁妝 In old days,when girls from rich
23、 families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.4.生活常識生活常識嫁妝 In old days,when girls 2020 5.根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系 If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.and,or,such as,like，for example,for instance常連接同義詞組常連接同義詞組。小結(jié)小結(jié)disagree 5.根據(jù)同義詞
24、，反義詞關(guān)系 If you agree,2121 6.根據(jù)同位語根據(jù)同位語語言學語言學3.Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh,Scotland.His father was an expert in phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.6.根據(jù)同位語語言學3.Alexander Gr2222 She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.7.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系
25、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系小結(jié)小結(jié)be lost in 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so,so that,such thatso,so that,such thattherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。She did not hear what yo23238.根據(jù)對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系根據(jù)對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如如but,while,howev
26、er,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though on the contrary等。等。小結(jié)小結(jié)hot8.根據(jù)對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 Although the e2424如何考?1.The underlined phrase“inheritable trait”in paragraph 2 means _(2006天津）2.By describing lions as“opportunists”in the first paragraph,the author means to say that lions _(2006安徽)3.The und
27、erlined word“this”refers to_(2006浙江)4.The underlined word“l(fā)and”in the last paragraph probably means _(04全國).如何考?1.The underlined phrase“2525事實細節(jié)題事實細節(jié)題-Details 即常見的“wh”問題。它們大多是根它們大多是根據(jù)據(jù) 文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則要在理解在文章中直接找到答案，有些則要在理解的基礎上將有關(guān)
28、內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比的基礎上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。事實細節(jié)題2626 A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side
29、 of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people wor
30、ked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Where does Hoover Dam l
31、ie _?A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀。讀。高考題重現(xiàn)高考題重現(xiàn)_ A giant dam was built man2727方法指導1).明確題意，順藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，尋找答案來源。3).找準關(guān)鍵詞，明白其暗示作用。4).多讀原文，正確使用排除法。方法指導1).明確題意，順藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，
32、尋找答案來2828如何考?1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2.What does the writer pay least attention to?3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4.All of the following statements may be true except_.5.Which of the following is not the result of如何考?1.Which of the following i292
33、9 Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her
34、 childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV S
35、tation.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smil
36、e.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.Invited by Mr.Ye Huix3030推測判斷題推測判斷題-Judgement-Judgement 縱觀全文，在掌握各項信息的基礎上進行正確縱觀全文，在掌
37、握各項信息的基礎上進行正確的邏輯推理，推斷的邏輯推理，推斷作者作者的意圖；人物的動機、的意圖；人物的動機、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；語言中的語言中的語氣等。語氣等。推測判斷題-Judgement 縱觀全文，在掌握各3131 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂蟑螂)and two spiders.”“What do you need these thi
38、ngs for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house,it was _.A.very clean B.just clean
39、ed by the landlordC.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects_高考題重現(xiàn)高考題重現(xiàn)_3232方法指導A.A.利用已知信息，進行邏輯推理利用已知信息，進行邏輯推理 B.B.結(jié)合一般常識，分析提供信息結(jié)合一般常識，分析提供信息 C.C.注意表層意思，悟出深層含義注意表層意思，悟出深層含義 在做判斷推理題時，應選擇在做判斷推理題時，應選擇“全面而不籠統(tǒng)、全面而不籠統(tǒng)、具體而不片面具體而不片面”的答案，而就事論事以及含有絕的答案，而就事論事以及含有絕對單詞的結(jié)論一般都是錯誤的對單詞的結(jié)論一般都是錯誤的.方法指導A.利用已知信息
40、，進行邏輯推理 return3333如何考?1.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.(NMET 96)2.Which of the following might have happened afterwards?(NMET 91)3.This text is most probably taken from a _.(NMET 94)4.In the writers opinion,a good stage school should _.(NMET 99)5.This text most probably appears i
41、n _.(2004全國全國）如何考?1.From the text we know th3434 Daylight saving time(DST)has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4.But next year,“Summer Time”will begin on the first Sunday in April.Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday,May 4 so that 2:00 AM bec
42、ame 3:00 AM.They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday,September 14.The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小時（千瓦小時）of electricity per year across the country.The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early,thus
43、 raising their work and study efficiency(效率效率).During the DST period,the actual departure(發(fā)車發(fā)車)time of trains remains unchanged,but their schedules have been set one hour late.Q:According to the passage,we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year.A.in 132 days B.in 133 day
44、s C.in 134 days D.in 4 months解析：應根據(jù)基本的日歷常識來進行推算。解析：應根據(jù)基本的日歷常識來進行推算。5月剩月剩27天，天，6月月30天，天，7月月31天，天，8月月31天，天，9月月14天。即：天。即：27+30+31+31+14=133（天）（天）鞏固練習鞏固練習 解析：應根據(jù)基本的日歷常識來進行推算。5月剩27天35351.1.先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。2.2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意與問題有關(guān)的快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意與問題有關(guān)的
45、信息，如果時間緊，先掃視一下首段和尾段。信息，如果時間緊，先掃視一下首段和尾段。再把標題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意再把標題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。3.細讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細節(jié)內(nèi)容。細讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細節(jié)內(nèi)容。解題時常用方法：解題時常用方法：簡要提示簡要提示1.先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會3636Now,lets look backWhat will you do when you come across the questions on:A.Main po
46、intsB.Guess the meaningC.DetailsD.Inference and judgementNow,lets look backWhat will 3737 最近，各類材料中出現(xiàn)了一種新的題型，要最近，各類材料中出現(xiàn)了一種新的題型，要求根據(jù)文章用諺語或俚語來總結(jié)段落大意。求根據(jù)文章用諺語或俚語來總結(jié)段落大意。平時學習中，注意總結(jié)常見的諺語、俚語。平時學習中，注意總結(jié)常見的諺語、俚語。愛心提醒愛心提醒愛心提醒38381.Stick to it,and youll succeed.2.A good medicine tastes bitter.3.More haste,les
47、s speed.4.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.5.Where there is life,there is hope.6.An idle youth,a needy age.堅持就是勝利。堅持就是勝利。良藥苦口。良藥苦口。欲速則不達。欲速則不達。世上無難事，只要世上無難事，只要肯登攀?？系桥?。生命不息，奮斗不生命不息，奮斗不止。止。少壯不努力，老大少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。徒傷悲。嘗試翻譯下列諺語Stick to it,and youll succee39397.What may be done at any time will b
48、e done at no time.8.Diligence is the mother of success.9.Take care of the pence,and the pounds will take care of themselves.10.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.11.Live and learn.12.Easier said than done.明日復明日，明日復明日，明日何其多。明日何其多。勤奮是成功之母勤奮是成功之母積少成多。積少成多。今日事今日完。今日事今日完?；畹嚼?，學到老?；畹嚼?，學到老。說著
49、容易做著難。說著容易做著難。7.What may be done at any tim404012.Action speak louder than words.13.There is no smoke without fire.14.Once bitten,twice shy.15.The path to glory is always rugged.事實勝于雄辯。事實勝于雄辯。無風不起浪。無風不起浪。一朝被蛇咬，十年怕一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。井繩。前途是光明的道路是前途是光明的道路是曲折的。曲折的。12.Action speak louder than w4141Do some reading exercisesHomeworkDo some reading exerci4242wish you success4343
《高三英語專題復習》課件
