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2019-2020年高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題三 閱讀理解 第四講 主旨大意題課時作業(yè) (xx長春監(jiān)測)Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That’s what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published. According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for reallife relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web’s influence on daily activities. 36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week. “As Internet use bees more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society，”says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers. Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones，60% reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that email is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads(網(wǎng)蟲) spend what was once passive TV time keeping pany with friends via emails, “that’s a move toward greater connectedness，” says Paul Resnick，a professor at the University of Michigan. This isn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A xx report monitored 73 Pittsburgharea families’ Internet use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed，” says Robert Kraut. “It’s true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented，” says Thomas Putnam. As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different. [解題導(dǎo)語]　本文介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項研究，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否會導(dǎo)致社會孤立以及來自社會各界的討論。 1．Who claimed that the Web had negative influence? A．Robert Kraut.　　　　　 B．Paul Resnick. C．Thomas Putnam. D．Amitay Etzioni. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“As Internet use bees more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society，”says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.可知，羅伯特克勞特認(rèn)為隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用越來越廣泛，網(wǎng)絡(luò)會導(dǎo)致社會孤立效應(yīng)。故選A項。 2．The underlined word “This” in Para.4 refers to ________． A．the study conducted by Stanford University B．the survey made by the University of Michigan C．the conclusion in a report written in xx D．the opinion expressed in Bowling Alone A　解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句句意為：這不是第一次有人稱網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)該受到批評。這仍然是羅伯特克勞特的觀點，也就是斯坦福大學(xué)開展的調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果。故選A項。 3．From the passage we learn that ________． A．watching TV used to take time away from staying online B．36% of Web users spend more than five hours a week online C．the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effect D．the Web has the same influence as the telephone and the television C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句This isn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized.可知，因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)使人們之間的聯(lián)系減少，不止一次有人對此進行譴責(zé)。故選C項。 4．The passage mainly discusses ________． A．how we can make a better use of the Internet B．whether the Internet causes an isolating effect C．how declines in social connectedness appear D．what a different life the Internet brings to us B　解析：主旨大意題。文章以一項調(diào)查研究入題，進行了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否會導(dǎo)致社會孤立效應(yīng)的討論。故選B項。 B (xx廣東佛山檢測)The times are changing. On Thursday October 13th, singersongwriter Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, marking the first time the highlyeyedon literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician, and giving rise to heated discussions. The 75yearold won the prize “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”， the Swedish Academy said. “For 54 years he has been at it, reinventing himself，” said Sara Danius, the academy’s permanent secretary. “Bob Dylan writes poetry for the ear. But it’s perfectly fine to read his works as poetry.” And while many Dylan’s fans have found great delight at the news, others online and in the literary munity are__cross__with the mittee, saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year. New York Times Book Review editor Pamela Paul said it was good news but pointed out how many “deserving” novelists there are. Director Martin Scorsese put out a statement saying he was “overjoyed” that Dylan was awarded the prize. “Dylan’s poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world，” Scorsese said. “His work has influenced and shaped culture, and he has never stopped exploring and growing as an artist. The Nobel mittee has given Dylan a form of recognition that fits his role in our culture—in world culture.” Dylan won a Pulitzer Prize in xx for his “great influence on popular music and American culture”. He’s the first American to win the literary Nobel since Toni Morrison in 1993. [解題導(dǎo)語]　作為一名歌手，鮑勃迪倫獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的消息讓很多人大感意外，從而引發(fā)熱議。 5．Why does Bob Dylan’s winning the Nobel Prize cause heated discussions? A．He created poetic expressions. B．He is known as a musician. C．He reinvents himself. D．He is 75 years old. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的marking the first time the highlyeyedon literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician可知，正是因為鮑勃迪倫是一位歌手，所以獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎才引發(fā)熱議。故選B項。 6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in Paragraph 4? A．Are thankful to. B．Are satisfied with. C．Are angry with. D．Are worried about. C　解析：詞義猜測題。第四段開頭的And while many Dylan’s fans have found great delight at the news中while表示“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，所以后面的others online and in the literary munity are__cross__with the mittee中的are cross with與found great delight意思應(yīng)該相反。再根據(jù)最后的saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year可判斷，are cross with應(yīng)表示“對……生氣”，而不是D項中的“擔(dān)心……”。故選C項。 7．What can we know about Dylan according to Martin Scorsese? A．Dylan influences Martin a lot. B．Dylan is happy with the award. C．Dylan is a poet rather than a musician. D．Dylan benefits a lot from world culture. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Dylan’s poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world可知，鮑勃迪倫對他影響很大。故選A項。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．A brief introduction to Bob Dylan. B．The reason for Bob Dylan’s success. C．Bob Dylan’s influence on American culture. D．Different views on Bob Dylan’s winning the Nobel Prize. D　解析：主旨大意題。文章開頭就點明了鮑勃迪倫獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎引起了熱議，接著說明了不同的人對此事的不同態(tài)度。故選D項。 C (xx江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測)Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas，or killer whales, and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia. To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales. During the seven attacks, the orca killed the humpback whale calf(幼獸) on three occasions. But the story doesn’t end there. Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman’s study findings may let people think otherwise. When chased by orcas, humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas. They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas can’t keep up. On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers’ boats. These ways often reduced the attack. But at other times, the humpback whales decided to stay and fight. As the orcas approached, the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side, or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers. She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas, and lunged or charged at them, slashing(劈) and slapping her tail and flippers. Perhaps most surprisingly, humpback whales also have adult escorts(護衛(wèi)隊) that try to protect calves that are not their own, joining the mother in defending the smaller whale. These escort whales either charged at the orcas, or placed themselves between the attackers and calves, slashing their tails and flippers. Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts, the orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks. But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed. [解題導(dǎo)語]　本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家使用科學(xué)儀器來觀察殺人鯨是如何追殺駝背鯨及后者是如何反擊和保護幼小的駝背鯨的。 9．What’s the purpose of the scientists’ further research? A．To keep a record of whales’ living habits. B．To observe orcas’ hunting humpback whales. C．To see what lifeordeath battles whales may face. D．To find out the techniques orcas use when hunting. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“To research further... to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.”可知，科學(xué)家進行進一步研究的目的是觀察殺人鯨追殺駝背鯨的活動。故選B。 10．Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water? A．To avoid being attacked. B．To hunt for food. C．To protect their young. D．To trick the chasers. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers’ boats.”可知，駝背鯨游至淺水區(qū)是出于自身的安全考慮，為了避免被攻擊。故選A。 11．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A．Why humpback whales fall victim to orcas. B．How humpback whales protect their calves. C．The great mother love of humpback whales. D．Smaller humpback whales’ ways of surviving. B　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是在面對殺人鯨的攻擊時，駝背鯨是如何進行反擊來保護自己的幼崽的。故B項最能概括本段的主旨要義。 12．What does Pitman’s study find? A．Orcas are successful in their attacks. B．It’s not easy for orcas to obtain food. C．Humpback whales swim faster than orcas. D．Humpback whales could be active animals. D　解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman’s study findings may let people think otherwise.”可知，駝背鯨一般被認(rèn)為是大型的、通常被動的生物，Pitman的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會讓人不這么認(rèn)為。下文接著講了面對殺人鯨的攻擊時，駝背鯨所采取的一些應(yīng)對方式，其中包含積極迎擊。故選D。 專題強化訓(xùn)練16　主旨大意題——標(biāo)題歸納類[學(xué)生用書P107(單獨成冊)] A (xx江西師大附中、臨川一中聯(lián)考)“My neighbor doesn’t speak English, but her kindness needs no translation.” Angie Morris, an 81yearold Canadian woman who grew up in wartime Britain and now lives in Vancouver, British Columbia, was describing how her nextdoor neighbor, Ms. Wing, a 68yearold Chinese woman, voluntarily cooks meals for her every day. She called it “the ultimate homedelivery service”． Morris’s moving, firstperson narrative which was published last week by the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail, has gone popular，with more than 24，000 online reposts. “I know what is inside the paper carrier bag，” she wrote. “A thermos with hot soup and a stainlesssteel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp，sometimes with a kind of pancake. This has bee an almost daily occurrence.” Wing started her act of kindness when she learned that Morris had to undergo heart surgery.She took it upon herself to begin feeding her neighbor, even though the two women have no way of municating verbally. Wing speaks only Mandarin, and Morris’s Mandarin is limited to ni hao(hello)． “So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language, but municating one way or another(with some help from technology). The doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar brown paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing，” Morris wrote. Readers and netizens around the world have been touched by this relationship that crosses national boundaries and focuses on human kindness. “You know that most people in this world just want to live a good life，” one reader mented. “I e from old Ireland, so I can tell you a thing or two about conflict. The point is, most people are very good with big hearts and want their children to grow up safe and in places like this country can offer.” [解題導(dǎo)語]　互為鄰居的兩位老人溫女士與安吉莫里斯雖然語言不通無法交流，但溫女士在得知莫里斯要做手術(shù)的消息后，主動為其做飯。她的善舉感動了很多讀者和網(wǎng)友。 1．Why did Ms. Wing cook meals for Morris? A．Morris had some health problems. B．Wing was an expert cook. C．Ms. Wing had nothing else to do. D．They were raised in the same place. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句Wing started her act of kindness when she learned that Morris had to undergo heart surgery.可知，溫女士因為知道莫里斯要做手術(shù)，所以做飯給她吃。故選A項。 2．Which of the following words can best describe Ms. Wing? A．Kind-hearted.　　　　　 B．Sensitive. C．municative. D．Arrogant. A　解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，溫女士一直自愿為鄰居做飯，所以推斷她是一位善良、熱心的女士，故選A項。sensitive意為“敏感的”；municative意為“愛說話的，好社交的”；arrogant意為“傲慢的；自大的”。 3．What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs? A．Most people in this world are having a good life. B．People from different countries easily have conflicts. C．Old Ireland is a place where children can grow up safe. D．People are impressed and moved by Ms. Wing’s behavior. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段以及第八段網(wǎng)友的留言可知，很多讀者和網(wǎng)友都被溫女士的善舉所感動，感受到了跨越國界和語言的人性之善。故選D項。 4．What can be the best title of this passage? A．A Voluntary Cook. B．Serving Your Neighbor. C．Kindness Beyond Language. D．Nutritious Meals. C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述一位來自中國的溫女士雖與鄰居莫里斯言語不通，但是得知莫里斯要做手術(shù)的消息后，一直自愿為她做飯，這一超越語言和國界的善舉感動了很多讀者和網(wǎng)友。由此可知，C項最適合用作文章標(biāo)題。 B (xx河北衡水中學(xué)高三大聯(lián)考)Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黃蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群體)—showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes(猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task，and can also pass skills on through several generations. The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”—the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills—may not be exclusive to humans. In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet. The strings were attached to discs—or artificial “flowers”—containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it. From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful. Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony’s worker bees. Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees’ learning and teaching skills. [解題導(dǎo)語]　本文介紹了大黃蜂經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練可以習(xí)得某種技能，還會傳播自己所學(xué)的技能。 5．What does the underlined word “exclusive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Ordinary. B．Unique. C．Beneficial. D．Widespread. B　解析：詞義猜測題。第二段中提出，不僅猿和鳥類有學(xué)習(xí)和傳播知識的能力，一些昆蟲也有這樣的能力。第二段和第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞also和add to the evidence提示，這種能力并非人類獨有的。故選B項。 6．What did the researchers find about bees? A．Bees learn best in insects. B．Bees are as clever as birds. C．Bees are born good learners. D．Bees can be trained to learn skills. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃蜂經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練可以學(xué)會技能。故選D項。 7．What may the research team focus on next? A．What else bees can do. B．Where bees learn skills. C．How bees teach others. D．How bees’ brains work. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句．..the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees’ learning and teaching skills.可知，科研團隊對大黃蜂學(xué)習(xí)和傳播技能的大腦思考過程很感興趣，因此，接下來他們應(yīng)該會研究大黃蜂大腦的工作原理。故選D項。 8．What may be the best title for the text? A．Small Bees, Great Abilities B．Bees Can Learn and Teach C．Bees Are Smarter D．Let Bees Learn B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介紹了一項科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即大黃蜂經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練可以學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)技能，故選B項。 C (xx安徽百所重點高三二模)I had the honour of being elected chief of my tribe(部落)．With the title came great responsibility. It was my job to make peace with the Maori Tamaki tribe, whose village we visited. Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and, as head, I was forced to accept this peace offering by picking it up, then touching noses with their chief. “Kia ora，” he said, weling us into the woodland home of his people. My “tribe” was my New Zealand coach tour group, who had forced me into being their leader. We’d been warned that the ceremony was a serious occasion and that to laugh or even smile would be considered rude to the Tamaki. After that it was nonstop fun as they demonstrated their ancient customs and I received instruction in performing the haka, the war dance immortalized(使不朽) by the All Blacks rugby team. Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slowcooked in the heat just below the surface in the geothermal(地?zé)岬? area of North Island, a Maori tradition known as a hangi that goes back an extremely long period of time. Obviously, this form of it is put on for tourists but it was hugely enjoyable. The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort, our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show. “The wheels on the bus go round and round，” he got us singing, while he circuited a round about three times. A couple of days from the end of our trip, there was still something missing, a New Zealand icon I wanted to see to make my grand tour plete. Riding over a ridge, there it was—Aotearoa. The Maori name for New Zealand translates as “the land of the long white cloud”. Can I say “Kia ora, Aotearoa？” You bet I can. [解題導(dǎo)語]　本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了他去新西蘭旅游時接觸到的毛利文化。 9．How were the visitors greeted in the tribe? A．The soldiers made a palm leaf road. B．The soldiers touched their noses. C．The soldiers shook sticks fiercely. D．The soldiers made noise with shut eyes. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and”可知，毛利部落的勇士們從獨木舟上跳下來，用狂熱的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃動聲將作者一行人鎮(zhèn)住了，他們還在地面上放置一片棕櫚葉。這些都是毛利人對游客表示歡迎的方式。故選C。 10．Which refers to the Maori cooking custom? A．Kia ora. B．Haka. C．Hangi. D．Tamaki. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slowcooked in the heat... a Maori tradition known as a hangi...”可知，在地下土爐中烹制食物是毛利飲食傳統(tǒng)，這被稱為hangi。 11．What does the author think of the driver? A．He was good at singing. B．He made the journey memorable. C．He was not familiar with the road. D．He performed well on a TV show. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort，our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show.”可知，作者一行人的回賓館之旅讓他們難忘：有表演天賦的毛利老司機讓作者他們一路歡歌，故選B。 12．What is the best title for the text? A．A Taste of Maori Culture B．Hello, New Zealand C．The Honour of Being a Tribe Chief D．The Best of New Zealand A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。作者作為赴新西蘭的旅游團的隊長，在旅游中有幸接觸毛利文化，這給作者留下了深刻的印象，故A項“體驗毛利文化”作標(biāo)題最佳。