機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 外文翻譯 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn) 停車管理

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1、Parking The impact of industrialization on urban transport and the rapid economic development is becoming more seriously, particularly the emergence of a large number of private cars making many countries, including Chinas growing parking problem in big cities. From the parking guidance system o

2、f the angle of the overall planning and design, combined with intelligent transportation systems, discuss the establishment of a sub-frame structure before the trip, providing use of the Internet, communications and media, travel different channels were released before the transfer of specific funct

3、ional design of parking information . Keywords: parking; induction system; before the trip; Guidance Information 朗讀 顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音 字典 - 查看字典詳細(xì)內(nèi)容 Overview Traffic can not do without modern city parking facilities, and "stop hard" and has been troubled countries in the world of common problem

4、s. The impact of industrialization on urban transport, the rapid economic development, urban (non-) surge in vehicle population, particularly the emergence of a large number of private cars, making many countries, including Chinas growing parking problem in big cities. Motorists to travel at the sam

5、e time enjoy the freedom, they had to face due to lack of resources caused by the search for parking spaces in distress. Especially for the driving experience is short, travel, or are not familiar with a limited number of motorists who travel destination, if the destination before the trip did not u

6、nderstand the distribution of parking facilities nearby, it may be confused and convoluted, "Park Patrol" embarrassment. On the other hand, some car parks are set up in the ground, position a bit more, park paths far, newly built and other factors were not concerned about or even unknown, even in pe

7、ak times, no one cares. Thus, it is necessary to prepare before the trip of Parking Guidance and Information System for simple profile. Prepare Pre-trip parking information transmission system In order to meet the wishes of characteristics of drivers, taking into account the economic levels of d

8、ifferent classes of drivers, knowledge, skills and information needs of the situation before the trip difference to modern high-tech tools and traditional methods combined strengths to build multi-level user-oriented and comprehensive real-time parking information services the city before the trip i

9、nformation transmission system. Combined with modern high-tech development trend of the future evolution of the guide, the use of Internet, communications and media transmission channels 3, sub-frame building before the trip shown in Figure 朗顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼字典 - 查看字典詳細(xì)內(nèi)容 It should be noted that the impl

10、ementation of the scheme before the trip the main subsystem is two-way transmission, the subsystem can either finishing the traditional function of the passive receiving parking information, while the control center to pass the initiative to send the data, reflecting real-time parking information, a

11、nd the city the ideal individual will of the user interface. Prepare the subsystem functional design before the trip To facilitate data exchange at all levels, PGIS and travel into the city before the sub-central control center, area control center, user 3 levels. The following were discussed by

12、 Internet, communications, media in the preparation of these 3 ways to stop transmission of information before the trip function design and implementation of conditions. Internet transmission query Parking Information Is actually the second generation of traveler information system of the ATIS,

13、 already has assisted in the trip before the trip and travel on the way decision-making functions. Is not difficult to conclude that before the trip as a sub-branch PGIS to Internet-based, relying on the working platform embedded GIS, called sub-system management with electronic maps of the citys ma

14、in parking lot within the database link, and online travel information before the parking service entirely possible. Communication Transmission Parking Information In addition to the direct use of Internet, the modern means of communication but also for stopping the transmission of information p

15、rovides an ideal way. Using communication transmission parking information, parking information and data need to advance into the TMN (Telecommunications Management Network). According to the characteristics of communication technology, is divided into two kinds of wireless and wireline communicatio

16、ns transmission. Media Release Parking Information Media is an important part of the information society, the status of her unique channels of information will naturally attract a number of fixed and non fixed public attention. Although due to its own constraints, the media in general, there is

17、dynamic information updates slow, real-time delay, one-way transmission, and other weaknesses, but its influence is still with usual enough to play released to supplement the information in the form of Parking. Abstract With the rapid increase in demand for city parking, long hidden in the deep-se

18、ated urban parking problems have become increasingly apparent, as the intelligent traffic system, an important component of the intelligent parking guidance system has become a modern urban traffic management can not or missing key elements, and one of the important parameters of the system an effec

19、tive parking system data to predict accurately is a prerequisite for successful operation. There is no mature technology as can learn, how to predict the effective data issues become a parking place in front of the researchers, a technical difficulty. After a long study authors presented data to pre

20、dict effective method of parking for a successful solution to this technical problem provides a guideline. Introduction Is well known that the acceleration of urbanization process has brought the urban population explosion, and the sharp decline in tariffs on imported cars the automotive indust

21、ry in China will inevitably bring about great development of the yearly increase in car ownership, so these will lead to the rapid increase in demand for city parking. Yet Long-term parking is not received due attention, parking facilities planning lags, chaotic management, construction by the short

22、age of land, shortage of funds constraints, resulting in a lot of cities parking is currently the obvious contradiction between supply and demand, parking has become a serious problem of urban traffic problems. Intelligent transportation system as an important component of intelligent parking guid

23、ance system will participate in the citys traffic management, it can manage the parking situation and the regional share of the overall coordination of the situation, for different prices to different parking areas indirect control of parking demand and balance. It can also use a variety of ITS tech

24、nologies and means to achieve the parking lot of modern management, dynamic to provide for the travel to designated areas near the parking spaces / parking fees and other information types and for the driver to choose the correct car park to provide decision basis. Thus, intelligent parking guidance

25、 system to the modern urban traffic management has become an integral part of one of the key elements. Currently, the Intelligent Parking Guidance System is booming. One of the important parameters of the system as a valid parking data system can accurately predict a prerequisite for successful oper

26、ation. There is no mature technology as can learn, how to predict the effective data issues become a parking place in front of the researchers, a technical problem. This thesis is based on the research project in Jilin Province Science and Technology Commission, "Parking Youdao system model and the

27、applied technology" in the parking spaces on the effective part of the data written forecasting techniques, the paper proposed the method for the research project laid the foundation for the smooth . The meaning of effective parking Intelligent parking guidance system, the effective parking is c

28、orrected in the open public parking lot is not occupied by vehicles or other items can be used to park vehicles in parking.朗 顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音 字典 - 查看字典詳細(xì)內(nèi)容 3 Fuzzy Neural Network Based on the effective parking 4 parking spaces effective data collection and transmission 5 cities in the parking lot

29、of the establishment of an effective parking database and application It should be noted that the establishment of a wide range of intelligent all-round play of parking guidance system, the city parking in the parking lot of the effective establishment of the database is essential. Dedicated

30、and effective city parking parking should reflect the establishment of the database the following three principles: (1) The establishment of the database should be reflected in all car parks, city parking data valid historical data. (2) database design should be as large as possible in the time

31、reflected on the length of a valid parking parking lot of historical data. (3) the database should be designed to better support the database management, access to applications such as basic operations. The database was created to provide a parking guidance system required the user access to des

32、ignated car parks, parking data valid historical data can also be parking for the effective provision of raw data, the data support the prediction. The database can be established with reference to the general method of establishing the database. Forecast valid parking data technology as an intelli

33、gent parking guidance system, one of the key technologies, a parking guidance system, the research focus of the researchers, the accuracy of the prediction to some extent will determine how the parking guidance system of the inducing capacity . In this paper, based on historical data and real-time d

34、ata for the two neural network prediction, proved to predict good results. Method proposed for the intelligent parking guidance system laid the foundation for further research. Traffic can not do without modern city parking facilities, and "stop hard" and has been troubled countries in the world of

35、 common problems. The impact of industrialization on urban transport, the rapid economic development, urban (non-) surge in vehicle population, particularly the emergence of a large number of private cars, making many countries, including Chinas growing parking problem in big cities. From the parkin

36、g guidance system of the angle of the overall planning and design, combined with intelligent transportation systems, discuss the structure and the parking guidance system, part of the function, proposed parking guidance strategy. Parking guidance system planning for key technologies: regional distri

37、ct, guidance information, and guidance information layer board design issues, with foreign experience, the corresponding planning methods. The method in Guangzhou, Dongguan City Parking Plan has been used and achieved good results. Traffic can not do without modern city parking facilities, and "sto

38、p hard" and has been troubled countries in the world of common problems. The impact of industrialization on urban transport, the rapid economic development, urban (non-) surge in vehicle population, particularly the emergence of a large number of private cars, making many countries, including Chinas

39、 growing parking problem in big cities. On the one hand static and interference caused by the traffic decline in road capacity, increased transportation costs, other long-term low-speed, idling cars on emissions of exhaust gave serious urban environmental pollution. Therefore, how to properly solve

40、the parking problem is imminent. System characteristics and description of several related issues According to the practical application of some of the issues to be resolved, the system to do a more detailed work, so that the system fault tolerance, practicality, ease and so have certain characte

41、ristics, and the scalability of the system stronger. A form designed to make access control of vehicles entering and exiting the vehicle parking management interface using the same form, for unity of the small car park entrance to improve the efficiency of managers. Which enter the parking lot for

42、the operation, enter the license plate number after the managers only need to click "into the car," then the system will automatically determine the license plate numbers of vehicles is fixed or free parking spaces for vehicles and then were recorded. 2 in the design of vehicle access control form,

43、 and not directly into the data environment, but when you click the button only moment in the implementation of the "Open Table - Operation - off the table" step, this design facilitates system expansion. When the parking lot expansion for the import and export of separation or more entrances, multi

44、ple administrators can simultaneously access the LAN management, the design of basic access to the garage to avoid the cost of clearing operations and leave the parking operation may also open the same table conflict. 3 This system is suitable for a small car park management and use, even if only a

45、 manager can easily use the computer to carry out car park management. This system combines the use of sensor technology, IC card technology, network technology and highly automated and computer equipment, electrical and mechanical safety of the parking lot, the application of effective management,

46、can build intelligent parking management system, can charge, security, monitoring, security and other functions. Such as license plate numbers are recorded by intelligent IC card technology, which eliminates the need for manual entry of license plate numbers of the work and possible manual input err

47、ors and increase access to parking operations management efficiency. 4 systems management capabilities include not only check all vehicles in and out of records and detailed queries on the fees, including license plate number of the query specified in the function, enter the vehicle license plate n

48、umber and then check out more recent period records. Although only need to use this feature very simple query can be realized, there are some practical value, such as the police suspect the vehicle can access the car park records inquiries. Conclusion With the car industry, Chinas cities can not

49、 contain the mobility of the fact. Large and medium cities in China should seriously address this problem. Parking problems in our cities has become a problem, how to make the parking lot (library) utilization, reduce interference between static and dynamic traffic and pollution, and has become an u

50、rgent problem cities. Proposed to improve the traffic environment and the establishment of intelligent parking guidance system, and intelligent parking guidance system planning key technology research, which for a large population of large cities have a more positive far-reaching significance. I h

51、ave to report the contents of the 2004-2005 issue of Beijings parking plan, the total project, including: Parking Requirements, industrial policy, tariffs, information systems and management structure and mechanism. Including industrial policy, tariffs, information systems and management systems and

52、 mechanisms assumed by me, you may also know that industrial policy, the price charged the two affect each other, so when speaking industrial policy the price charged also mentioned some. Our study of this policy is what prompted the Government to better support businesses and help provide some po

53、licy recommendations. First, the parking industry policy objective of the study: the use of parking industry policy, mobilize the enthusiasm for investment in parking facilities in Beijing to promote the rapid development of parking facilities, improve the amount of parking facilities; strongly su

54、pport non parking facilities, ... ... We visited the research come to build a car park has three major aspects of the investment: land development contract fee, housing development costs and associated taxes, which are further divided into three main areas: The largest area of ??land development

55、 contract fee includes: demolition Jian fees, land transfer, land exploration tax, based on these cost us the price in Beijing to conduct research in different regions, departments, Beijing also provided strong assistance to land The average down payment was 1,700 yuan, of course, now, if listed, th

56、en certainly far more than this price. The second area housing development expenses include: housing Jian fees, ancillary engineering fees, construction fees outside. The third aspect tax package include: housing tax greening works, infrastructure and construction tax, business tax, urban constr

57、uction and maintenance fees, sales tax, education annex fees and management fees. Based on these estimated costs and the parking situation in different sections of a parking floor price of 19-20 million in construction costs, underground parking construction costs of a parking space about 30 million

58、, in our study and the relief the government can control the cost of sensitivity analyze, and finally find a For developers, the most effective policy. After the maximum estimated cost of parking facilities or land prices, the government should control the reasonable price of land in order to attrac

59、t enterprises to invest. Second, restricting parking key issues of industrial development Although the parking market demand, but the market due to the current low level of parking, in the initial stage of industrial development, the main problems are: 1, the price charged. ... ... 2, the lan

60、d cost is too high. ... ... Third, the parking industry development proposals 1, for the government must first clear public parking position, as the urban infrastructure can enjoy some of the policies? Dong said the morning working on the parking lot of Hong Kong as the urban infrastructure to l

61、ocate; 2, adjust the current price charged to promote the development of public parking. Parking spaces in different regions apply different prices, rational use of road, the road outside the parking resources; 3, the promotion of simple, mechanical parking equipment, conservation of land resour

62、ces; 4, reduction of some of the local government can control taxes and provide some preferential policies to promote the development of the industry; 5, financial subsidies, the use of injection of funds, to promote the development of public welfare. 顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音 字典 - 查看字典詳細(xì)內(nèi)容 2010商務(wù)工具譯者工

63、具包關(guān)于 Google 翻譯博客隱私權(quán)政策幫助 停車管理 工業(yè)化對城市交通的影響、經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展、城市（非）機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量的猛增、特別是大量私有汽車的出現(xiàn)，使得包括中國在內(nèi)的很多國家的大城市的停車問題日趨嚴(yán)重。本文從停車誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)總體規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的角度，結(jié)合智能交通系統(tǒng)，討論建立了出行前子系統(tǒng)的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，提供了利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、通信技術(shù)和媒體等不同渠道分別傳輸發(fā)布出行前停車信息的具體功能設(shè)計(jì)。 　　關(guān)鍵詞：停車；誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)；出行前；誘導(dǎo)信息 1 概述 　現(xiàn)代化城市的交通離不開停車設(shè)施的建設(shè)，而"停車難"又一直是世界各國所共同困擾的難題。工業(yè)化對城市交通的影響、經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展、城市（非）機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量的

64、猛增、特別是大量私有汽車的出現(xiàn)，使得包括中國在內(nèi)的很多國家的大城市的停車問題日趨嚴(yán)重。駕車者在享受自由出行的同時(shí)，卻不得不面對因停車資源緊缺造成的尋求泊位的苦惱。尤其對于駕齡短、出行次數(shù)有限或者不熟悉出行目的地的駕車者，如果出行前沒有了解目的地附近的停車設(shè)施分布，很可能出現(xiàn)無所適從而迂回"巡泊"的尷尬。另一方面，部分停車場由于設(shè)立在地下、位置略偏、停放路徑遠(yuǎn)、新近建成等因素未受關(guān)注甚至無人知曉，即使在高峰時(shí)段，也無人問津。由此，有必要對城市停車準(zhǔn)備出行前誘導(dǎo)信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行簡單的簡介。 2 準(zhǔn)備出行前停車信息傳輸系統(tǒng) 為了適應(yīng)駕車者的意愿特性，兼顧不同階層駕車者經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、知識(shí)技能和出行前信息需

65、求情況的差異，采取現(xiàn)代化高科技手段和傳統(tǒng)方式相結(jié)合，優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)，構(gòu)建面向用戶的多層次、全方位城市實(shí)時(shí)停車信息服務(wù)的出行前信息傳輸系統(tǒng)。結(jié)合現(xiàn)代化高科技發(fā)展所引導(dǎo)的未來演變趨勢，采用Internet、通信和媒體3種傳輸渠道，構(gòu)建出行前子系統(tǒng)框架如圖1所示。 需要指出的是，出行前子系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃實(shí)施的主體是雙向傳輸，即子系統(tǒng)既可以完成傳統(tǒng)的被動(dòng)接收停車信息的功能，同時(shí)又主動(dòng)向控制中心傳遞用戶發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)，體現(xiàn)城市實(shí)時(shí)停車信息和用戶個(gè)性化意愿的理想銜接。 3 準(zhǔn)備出行前子系統(tǒng)功能設(shè)計(jì) 為了方便各級數(shù)據(jù)傳輸交換，PGIS和出行前子系統(tǒng)劃分為城市中央控制中心、分區(qū)控制中心、用戶3個(gè)層次。下面分別論述采用In

66、ternet、通信、媒體這3種方式在準(zhǔn)備出行前傳輸停車信息的功能設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)條件。 3.1 Internet傳輸查詢停車信息 　實(shí)際上是第二代出行者信息系統(tǒng)的ATIS，早已具備輔助出行者在出行前和出行途中進(jìn)行決策的功能。不難推斷，作為PGIS分支的出行前子系統(tǒng)，以Internet為基礎(chǔ)，依托嵌入式GIS工作平臺(tái)，調(diào)用電子地圖等與子系統(tǒng)管理范圍內(nèi)的城市主要停車場數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接，實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上的出行前停車信息服務(wù)完全成為可能。 3.2 通信傳輸停車信息 　除了直接利用Internet外，現(xiàn)代化的通信手段也為停車信息提供了理想的傳輸途徑。采用通信傳輸停車信息，需要事先將停車信息數(shù)據(jù)納入電信管理網(wǎng)（Telecommunications Management Network）。按照通信技術(shù)的特性，分為無線通信和有線通信兩種傳輸方式。 3.3 媒體發(fā)布停車信息 　媒體是信息社會(huì)的重要組成部分，她特有的信息渠道地位會(huì)自然吸引一批固定和非固定公眾的關(guān)注。雖然由于受自身?xiàng)l件約束，媒體在動(dòng)態(tài)信息方面總體上存在更新速度慢、實(shí)時(shí)性滯后、單向傳輸?shù)热觞c(diǎn)，但其憑借慣有的影響力仍舊足以