高考英語大二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題四 語法填空課件.ppt
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專題四語法填空,題型解讀與高考感悟,高頻考點與技巧點撥,高考新編,,考點統(tǒng)計(略),,題型解讀與高考感悟,近兩年語法填空考點布局充分體現(xiàn)了“實詞考查為主,虛詞考查為輔”的命題原則。注意:1.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換以實詞中名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四類為主,而對于名詞的考查近兩年均涉及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查,而未涉及到,考情分析,名詞的所有格,在2016年備考中應(yīng)引起注意;對于代詞的詞形變換考查涉及了人稱代詞與物主代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,反身代詞近兩年還未涉及,也應(yīng)引起注意。2.對于無提示詞類的情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的考查,僅2014年新課標(biāo)全國樣卷中考查了must表推測,2014年新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ考查了助動詞did。指示代詞與不定代詞近兩年均未涉及。,3.特殊句式在近兩年雖然未考查,但備考時應(yīng)注意:倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中助動詞、小句替代中so,neither,nor以及only等的考查;省略結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to以及結(jié)合狀語從句的省略中非謂語動詞或連詞的考查;強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中it或that的考查;感嘆句中how,what或不定冠詞a/an的考查等。,4.連接性副詞與語境填詞雖然在2014年新課標(biāo)全國樣卷中均有涉及,但可能考慮到這兩類詞均為完形填空考點,故在2014、2015兩年正式考試中均未涉及,但在2015年全國Ⅰ中考查了無提示詞形式的時間副詞before/earlier,故像earlier,ago,later等時間副詞與never,hardly等頻度副詞是否會有考查還需注意。,5.從出題形式上看,近兩年10個設(shè)空中都是7個有提示詞、3個無提示詞,預(yù)計2016年還應(yīng)該以這種比例來突出提示詞考查為主的出題形式。,(一)(2015全國Ⅰ)Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.,,真題體驗,arrived,before/earlier,its,I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.(painting).Instead,I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway66.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.,that/which,paintings,by,Yangshuo67.(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.,is,conducted,regularly,living,(二)(2015全國Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout,built,the,ability,44.(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;47.thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.(go)dayafterday:Thewalls,using,slowly,tocool,at,goes,warmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.,natural,how,(三)(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It61.(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62.(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63.mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.,was,actually,the,Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64.evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65.(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66.(clean)thanever.,or,toreduce,cleaner,Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67.isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?,that/which,Whilethereare68.(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69.(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience).,amazing,changes,patient,(四)(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout41.(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.someofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthe,being,and,disappointed,to,sidewalk.Aboyonabike45.(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused46.(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept47.(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriver,caught,tostop,riding,stoodupandasked,“48.anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s49.(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers50.(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.,Did,me/mine,suddenly,(五)(2014新課標(biāo)全國樣卷)Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I’mnotsurewhat1.(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2.Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’re3.(go).,happened,when,gone,Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.I’msurehewasinthekitchen4.(early).Mum:No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5.(make)them,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.6.,hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soI’msure7.wasn’thim.,earlier,making,Anyway,it,Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn’tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8.fridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness,I9.haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10..Now,whydidIputonmycoat?,the,must,memory/mind,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,,高頻考點與技巧點撥,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞,,四、純空格填空,,典例1Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞arrange,需要一個副詞,故填regularly。,考點,考點1形容詞→副詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例217(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015廣東)分析用副詞修飾整個句子。故填Luckily。,,方法歸納修飾動詞?短語?、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,或作狀語時,用副詞形式。,典例1Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析形容詞性物主代詞their之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞,故將able轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形式ability。,考點,考點2形容詞/動詞→名詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例2Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseof(ill).分析介詞短語becauseof后接賓語,要用名詞,故填illness。,典例3Hehadwitnessedtoomany(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier,inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled,woundedormissing.分析這里指的是死亡,是可數(shù)名詞,在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語,空前的toomany也暗示應(yīng)用death的復(fù)數(shù)形式deaths。,,方法歸納作主語,或在及物動詞、介詞?短語?后作賓語時,前面可能有限定詞?冠詞?、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾,通常用名詞形式;注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式。,典例1As49(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析修飾名詞architects,故要用形容詞形式natural。,考點,考點3動詞/名詞→形容詞,,一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考點例析,典例2Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,...(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析此處用形容詞修飾名詞stories。amaze的形容詞有兩個,一個是amazing,另一個是amazed。修飾物(stories)當(dāng)然用amazing。,典例3Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43(disappoint).(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)分析本句的主語是someofthem,此處and連接兩個并列成分,再結(jié)合前面的形容詞anxious可知,此處也應(yīng)該填一個形容詞。故此處用disappointed表示他們中有些人感到失望。,,方法歸納作表語?系動詞之后?、定語?修飾名詞?或賓語補足語?表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)?時,通常用形容詞形式。注意常考動詞分詞的形容詞性化,其形容詞的形式有:-ing結(jié)尾的和ed結(jié)尾的兩種。,用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.(2015安徽,31)2.Itwas(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015福建,23)3.Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas(former)alive.(2015浙江,13),,考點專練,personally,considerate,formerly,4.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome(think)andthenletmeknow.(2015安徽,30)5.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand(comprehension)reviewofthecase.(2015江蘇,31)6.Theclimatehereisquite(please),thetemperaturerarely,ifever,reaching30℃insummer.(2014福建,28),thought,comprehensive,pleasant,7.Whatwasso(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbarefooted.(2014湖北,27)8.Lifeis(predict);eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.(2014江西,30),impressive,unpredictable,9.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinthelastrow.(2012廣東)10.—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well,youknow,Englishismy(strong).Soitismybestchoice.(2012福建,25),pleased,strength,典例1I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).(2015全國Ⅰ)分析由于該名詞由somany修飾,故填其復(fù)數(shù)形式paintings。,考點,考點1名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與所有格,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析前面是定冠詞the,因此后面要用名詞,再由謂語動詞are可知此空要用其名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填changes。,典例3It’saboutan(hour)drivefromhere.分析句意為:離這里大約有一個小時的車程?!耙粋€小時的”用所有格,故填hour’s。,,方法歸納若所給提示詞為名詞而空格處也應(yīng)填名詞,注意要弄清名詞的數(shù)與格,即名詞是否需要復(fù)數(shù)形式,或是否需要所有格。,典例1Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析從后面的than可知此處要用比較級,因此要用cleaner。,考點2形容詞與副詞的比較等級,考點,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths17(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.(2014廣東)分析由前面提到的wehadplannedformonths(我們已經(jīng)計劃了數(shù)月)可知,早在六個月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了,故用比較級earlier。,典例3The68(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.(2014遼寧)分析考查固定句式。這里是“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”句式,表示“越……就越……”。故填harder。,,方法歸納若括號中所給的是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較等級或最高級;注意than或比較級的修飾詞等標(biāo)志性詞或上下文中暗含的比較;其次還要注意一些特殊句式,如:the+比較級,the+比較級;“否定詞?can’t/couldn’t?+比較級”表示最高級等。,典例1Afewhoursbefore,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63(it)chokingsmog.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析空格后面的smog為名詞,故要使用形容詞性物主代詞its來修飾限定。,考點3人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞的變換,考點,,二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換考點例析,典例2Thechildrenamused(they)byplayinghideandseekgames.分析缺賓語,應(yīng)填代詞;這些孩子拿誰取樂,應(yīng)是“自娛自樂(amuseoneself)”,與主語Thechildren一致,故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoyoneself(玩得開心),teachoneself(自學(xué)),adaptoneself(適應(yīng)),dressoneself(自己穿衣),devoteoneselfto(致力于),byoneself(單獨地)等。,,方法歸納若提示詞是物主代詞?表示某人的?,作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞;在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。反身代詞反指誰,它通常作主語和賓語的同位語,這時應(yīng)與主語或賓語一致;也可作某些動詞或介詞的賓語,這時需與主語一致。,用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Someschoolswillhavetomake(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.(2015江蘇,32)2.Wetendtohavea(good)memoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealtoouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(2015浙江,11)3.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis(good)hehasevergot.(2015四川,7),,考點專練,adjustments,better,thebest,4.Hegave(him)anewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.(2015湖北,22)5.Ican’ttellyouthewaytothe(Wilson)becausewedon’thaveaWilsonhereinthevillage.(2014重慶,6)6.Thisisbyfar(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.(2013遼寧,33),himself,Wilsons’,themostinspiring,7.Tonycanhardlyboilanegg,still(little)cookdinner.(2013新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,25)8.Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics(well).(2012大綱全國Ⅱ,13)9.Shecameacrossanoldfriendof(she)yesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.(2011天津,8)10.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof(I)whenIwasababy.(2010四川,7),less,best,hers,me,典例1ItwasraininglightlywhenI61(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析主句謂語動詞使用了過去進(jìn)行時wasraining,后一句中用了一般過去時didn’tcare,根據(jù)語境此處要用一般過去時態(tài)。故填arrived。,考點,考點1考綱規(guī)定考查的十種時態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),考點例析,典例2Thiscycle48(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析這是一篇說明文,主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去,這種情況是客觀事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。又因為主語thiscycle為單數(shù)第三人稱,故填goes。,典例3In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析事情發(fā)生在1969年,是一個過去的時間,故此處要用一般過去時,又因為主語為it,故填was。,,方法歸納句中若缺少謂語,注意要考慮所給動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。判斷時態(tài)首先要確定時間,然后根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來判斷應(yīng)該運用哪種時態(tài)。有時也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已經(jīng)存在的謂語動詞的并列關(guān)系來確定時態(tài)??荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的有十種:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。近兩年考查一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時居多。,典例1Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).(2015廣東)分析由語境可知,整體為過去時態(tài),且what與leave之間是被動關(guān)系,故此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasleft。,考點,考點2考綱規(guī)定考查的八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Bepatient!TaiChi66(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater:...(2014遼寧)分析整篇對話的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。TaiChi與call之間是被動關(guān)系,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填iscalled。,,方法歸納句中缺少謂語,且與主語存在被動關(guān)系,考慮根據(jù)時間和動作存在的方式,確定相應(yīng)時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。注意只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)??荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)有八種:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時。,典例1Unlesssomeextramoney(find),thetheatrewillclose.(2014大綱全國,22)分析考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。由語境可知,此處是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時態(tài),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來;句中主語someextramoney與find之間為動賓關(guān)系,要用被動語態(tài)。故填isfound。,考點,考點3時態(tài)與語態(tài)中的幾個特殊用法,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe(come)untilyesterday.(2014重慶,8)分析考查過去進(jìn)行時表過去將來。wascoming為過去進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示過去將來。know后面為賓語從句,從句動詞相對于know而言指將要發(fā)生的動作,而come,go,leave,start,arrive等瞬間性動詞可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將來的動作。根據(jù)didn’t可知此處應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的動作。,典例3Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenarea(run)out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012重慶,27)分析考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表一般將來與主動表被動。由句中beforethere’snoneleft可知食物還沒有用完,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示“(食品供應(yīng))快用完了”;此外runout為不及物動詞,不可用于被動語態(tài)。故填arerunning。,典例4Yangshuo67(be)reallybeautiful.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。本段介紹陽朔的自然條件,屬客觀事實,要用一般現(xiàn)在時;由于主語是單數(shù)第三人稱形式,故填is。,,方法歸納在確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)時,我們可從四個方面來進(jìn)行判斷:(1)看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。(2)看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如:①was/wereabouttodo...when...did...②Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since...did...,,③It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone...或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...haddone...④It’s(hightime)that...did/shoulddo⑤Hardlyhad+主語+done...when...did...或Nosoonerhad+主語+done...than...did...這樣的句型還有很多,平時要注意積累。(4)看與主語存在主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。若是被動,還需看所給是否為及物動詞,是否考查主動表被動等。(5)注意主謂是否一致。,典例1Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.(2012廣東)分析這是由asif引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣,因為是與過去事實相反,故用過去完成時,填hadbought。,考點,考點4虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)與語態(tài),,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI(dance)aswellasher.(2015陜西,23)分析wish后跟賓語從句時,從句中需要用虛擬語氣。由語境可知,此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式(be用were)。故填danced。,典例3Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015安徽,32)分析本題考查了虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的運用,條件句部分在or中體現(xiàn),相當(dāng)于ifwehadn’tbookedaroom,wewouldhavenowheretostaynow,根據(jù)“now”可知,是對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬。故填wouldhave。,,方法歸納一旦判定所給動詞在句中作謂語后,就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。除了if虛擬條件句,還應(yīng)注意虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志詞,如:suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,otherwise,or,butfor等。,用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015安徽,24)2.Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstocome.(2015安徽,29)3.—IsPetercoming?—No,he(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015重慶,1),,考點專練,hadleft,willbebuilt,changed,4.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe(teach)aclassatthattime.(2015天津,6)5.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015天津,9)6.Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.(2015陜西,22),willbeteaching,hasbeenreached,hasbeenworking,7.Therealreasonwhyprices(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.(2015江蘇,30)8.Asyougothroughthisbook,you(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.(2015湖南,22),were,willfind,9.HemusthavesensedthatI(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?”(2015湖南,28)10.Tomydelight,I(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.(2015福建,26),waslooking,waschosen,11.Inthelastfewyears,China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(2015北京,26)12.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI(ask),“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?”(2015湖南,25),hasmade,asked,典例1Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析“be+形容詞+enough+動詞不定式”為常用句式,意為“足夠……,能夠做某事”。故填tocool。,考點,考點1動詞不定式,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,考點例析,典例2Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.(2015廣東)分析砍樹的目的是賣錢,故這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。故填tosell。,典例3Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)分析句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式,該句結(jié)構(gòu)為“Ittakes+時間+todosth.”。故填toreduce。,典例4Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(2009廣東)分析該句空格前是形容詞,所以用動詞不定式作狀語。故填toplease。,,方法歸納首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時,需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分,再根據(jù)各非謂語動詞的特點確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài),熟記??几欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動詞以及一些常考句式。,典例1Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析句中已有謂語動詞arranges,故應(yīng)考慮非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。故填living。,考點,考點2動詞的-ing形式,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,典例2Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout44(use)electricequipment.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析句中已有謂語,介詞without之后的動詞要用動名詞形式。故填using。,典例3Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept47(ride).(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)分析根據(jù)空格前面的kept可知,此處是keepdoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu),意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。故后面應(yīng)使用v.ing形式,因此需將ride變成riding。,,方法歸納現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果或伴隨,且與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作的主動進(jìn)行行為或正在進(jìn)行中;動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動作;此外,應(yīng)熟記能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語。,典例1Astudyoftravelers68(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全國Ⅰ)分析句中出現(xiàn)雙動詞conduct與names且無連詞,通過name的第三人稱單數(shù)形式可判定names為句子的謂語,故判定設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞形式作astudy的定語。conduct,考點,考點3動詞的過去分詞,,三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,與study之間為動賓關(guān)系,故用表示被動的過去分詞形式。此外,by是解題的關(guān)鍵詞,conductedby...意為“由……所做的”。故填conducted。,典例2Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全國Ⅱ)分析build與句子謂語areadmired之間無連詞,故應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。主語adobedwellings與動詞build之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式作后置定語。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動意義的過去分詞。故填built。,,方法歸納過去分詞可作狀語、定語或補語,表示被動與完成;若作表語常考的為形容詞性化的過去分詞;過去分詞不可作主語或賓語。,用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015重慶,6)2.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway(use)thesunandthestars.(2015重慶,11),,考點專練,Raised,using,考點一非謂語動詞作狀語,3.(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015天津,8)4.Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,(wonder)whethertostayorleave.(2015湖南,30)5.(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.(2015福建,28),Havingworked,wondering,Tolearn,6.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014天津,5),tofind,考點二非謂語動詞作定語1.Theparkwasfullofpeople,(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.(2015北京,23)2.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse(appoint)toguardher.(2014浙江,14)3.There’sanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山東,6),enjoying,appointed,saying,4.Todaytherearemoreairplanes(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.(2014大綱全國,23)5.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京,28)6.Volunteeringgivesyouachance(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北京,21),carrying,tobesolved,tochange,考點三非謂語動詞作主語、賓語或表語1.(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015安徽,27)2.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015陜西,17),Ignoring,tothank,3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014山東,9)4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize).(2014北京,35)5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect).(2014福建,30)6.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems(go)wrongwithit.(2013重慶,34),toemploy,beingrecognized,connected,tohavegone,,考點四非謂語動詞作賓補或主補1.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething;goingtohearit(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015浙江,18)2.LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015四川,9),beingperformed,amazed,3.BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother(take)goodcareofathome.(2015陜西,18)4.Heisthought(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014江西,34)5.Whenwesawtheroad(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.(2013北京,29),taken,tohaveacted,blocked,6.Letthoseinneed(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.(2013陜西,13),understand,考點五省略句中的非謂語動詞及獨立主格1.Muchtime(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015江蘇,24)2.Children,when(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014湖南,21)3.Thelecture(give),alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.(2014江蘇,29),spent,accompanied,havingbeengiven,4.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather(permit).(2012新課標(biāo)全國,28)5.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures,some(have)alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江,3),perm- 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