2019年高考總復習 語言基礎知識 考點歸納拓展 Module 1 Deep South 外研版選修8.doc

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2019年高考總復習 語言基礎知識 考點歸納拓展 Module 1 Deep South 外研版選修8 balance v．使保持平衡n.平衡；平衡能力；天平 [經(jīng)典例句]Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance. 世界上所有的生命都在微妙的平衡中生存。 (1)keep the balance of nature　　保持生態(tài)平衡 keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance/be out of balance失去平衡 (2)balance sth against 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較 (3)balanced adj.　　　　保持(或顯示)平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡 ①I lost my balance and fell on my face. 我失去平衡，臉著地摔倒了。 ②You have to ________________ the disadvantages.你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。 ③A balanced diet is very important for you to keep health.平衡飲食對你保持健康非常重要。 答案　②balance the advantages of living in the countryside against 【巧學助記】 trap v．儲存；留存；設陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；詭計；埋伏 [經(jīng)典例句]Its easy to fall into a trap, but hard to get out again.墮入陷阱易，脫離陷阱難。 (1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套 be/get trapped in　　　　　　被困在……中 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入……的圈套 set/lay a trap for 為……設圈套 ①He was trapped in the crashed car and couldnt move his legs.他被困在撞壞的汽車里，兩腿動彈不得。 ②By clever questioning they ________ making a confession.他們用巧妙的提問誘使他招認了。 答案　②trapped him into discourage v．阻止；打消……的念頭 [經(jīng)典例句]I knew nothing would ever discourage him, he would never give up wanting to be director. 我知道沒有什么會使他灰心，他永遠也不會放棄想成為一名導演的夢想。 (1)discourage sb from doing sth 勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 (2) be/get discouraged變得灰心喪氣 ①We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.我們應把重點放在勸阻孩子們不要吸煙上。 ②Hearing the discouraging result，he felt very discouraged.聽了這個令人泄氣的結(jié)果，他感到很泄氣。 ③Students will soon ________ if you criticize them too often.如果你批評學生次數(shù)太多的話，他們很快就會泄氣的。 答案?、踘et discouraged [集 訓 中 心] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Youd better keep a b________diet for the benefit of your health. 2．At one time，she is fine；but at another，she is a________. 3．If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be d________. 4．The Prime Ministers visit will p________the cooperation between the two countries. 5．She had the time and the ________(靈感)to develop her talent. 6．It is important to assess the ________(可靠性)of the data. 7．Quick！Call an ambulance！This is an ________(緊急情況)！ 學生用書第214頁 8.Her ________(缺席) from the party made her good friends very angry. 答案　1.balanced　2.abnormal　3.discouraged　4.promote　5.inspiration　6.reliability　7.emergency　8.absence Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(xx天津卷)You are working too hard. Youd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation. A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 答案　C　[考查名詞辨析。句意：你工作太努力了。你最好保持在工作和放松之間的平衡。promise諾言；lead領先；balance平衡；diary日記。keep a balance為固定短語，意為“保持平衡”，符合句意，故選C。] 2．(xx涼山二診)Share prices are falling sharply, which ________ investors from buying and selling shares. A．prevents B．protects C．discourages D．persuades 答案　C　[考查動詞辨析。句意：股票價格的急劇下跌大大挫傷了投資者買賣股票的信心。discourage表示“使泄氣”，符合句意。] [核 心 短 語] in case of 如果；假使 [經(jīng)典例句]Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case of a real fire.一旦真的發(fā)生火災，許多人就不知所措，不知道該干什么好了。 in case (that)　　　　假使；以防萬一 in any case 無論如何；總之 in no case　　　　決不(放在句首時，用部分倒裝) in this /that case 如果這樣/那樣 as is often the case 這是常有的事 ①Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow ________. 請明天再提醒我關于會議的事，以免我忘了。 ②In no case ________ my motherland. 我決不會背叛我的祖國。 ③As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.事實往往是這樣，解決一個問題可能會導致或暴露另一個問題。 答案　①in case I forget?、趙ill I turn against 【知識鏈接】 像in no case 一樣，表示“決不”，放在句首時，用部分倒裝的短語還有：at no time, by no means ，under no circumstances ，in no way，on no occasion等。 [集 訓 中 心] Ⅰ.選詞填空 e into sight；set foot on；as a result；e up with；adapt oneself to；stand out；in case； break up 1．Write the telephone number down ________ you forget. 2．Nobody has ever ________ the lonely island. 3．She ________ in the crowd，for she is two meters in height. 4．A camel ____________ in the desert soon. 5．You should ____________ the new environment. 6．They still havent ________ a name for their baby. 答案　1.in case　2.set foot on　3.stands out　4.came into sight　5.adapt yourself to　6e up with Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(xx北京卷)I took my driving license with me on holiday，________ I wanted to hire a car. A．in case B．even if C．ever since D．if only 答案　A　[考查連詞短語。句意：度假時我隨身攜帶駕駛證以備租車之需。A項“以防，以防萬一”，符合句意；B項表示“即使”；C項表示“自從……以后”；D項表示“但愿……就好了”。] 2．(xx福建莆田高三質(zhì)檢)Dangerous waste will do great harm to human health and environment ________ improper management. A．in return for B．in case of C．regardless of D．instead of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語辨析。句意：如果對有害廢物處理不當，將會對人的身體及環(huán)境造成很大的危害。in return for作為回報；in case of萬一，如果；regardless of不管；instead of而不是，代替。由語境可知，選B。] 3．—How can I pick out your car in the parking lot? —Its easy.The bright colour of my car makes it ________. A．turn out B．stick out C．stand out D．get out 答案　C　[答句句意為“很容易。我的車的顏色很鮮艷，非常顯眼?！彼栽谕＼噲龊苋菀渍业?。] 4．(xx河北唐山高三摸底)All you had to do was think a little harder and ________ a new solution. A．fill up with B．end up with C．put up with D．e up with 答案　D　[考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你所能做的就是再仔細思考并想出個新的解決方法。e up with意為“提出，想出”，符合題意。fill up with意為“充滿”；end up with意為“結(jié)束”；put up with意為“忍受”。] [核 心 句 型] Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. 后來到了1895年，一個叫卡斯騰博克格雷溫克的挪威人成為第一個踏上南極大陸的人。 (1)the first...to do...“第一個做……的”，用動詞不定式作定語。序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后常用不定式作后置定語。 ①He is always the first to bear hardships，the last to enjoy forts.他總是一個吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。 (2)有些名詞后?？筛欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ，如chance, way, time, promise, ability, ambition, attempt, courage等。 ②Is that the best way to ________？ 那是解決那個問題的最好方法嗎？ ③There are many goods in that shop to choose from. 那家商店有很多商品可以挑選。 答案　②solve the problem 名師點睛 如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就必須有必要的介詞。 [集 訓 中 心] Ⅰ.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空 1．The question ________(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 2．A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean，________ (kill) 150 passengers. 3．Whoever is the first ________(finish )the task will get a prize. 答案　1.to be discussed　2.killing　3.to finish Ⅱ.完成句子 1．There were a lot of problems ________________. 有許多問題需要處理。 2．She usually has a lot of meetings ____________. 她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會要開。 3．Have you enough paper ________？ 你有足夠的紙來寫字嗎？ 4．He is late for class today，____________. 他今天遲到了，而這是經(jīng)常的事。 答案　1.to deal with/to be dealt with　2.to attend in the evenings　3.to write on　4.as is often the case Ⅲ.單項填空 1．(xx陜西模擬)________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A．It B．That C．What D．As 答案　D　[考查定語從句。句意：孩子們通常就是這樣，醫(yī)生來的時候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定搭配，意思是“通常就是這樣”。] 2．(xx濟南一中等四校高三聯(lián)考)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ you failed. A．to contact B．contacting C．contacted D．having contacted 答案　A　[考查非謂語動詞。句意：在那個遙遠的村莊沒有信號，因此我怎么也聯(lián)系不上你。attempt后面應用不定式作定語。] 3．(xx內(nèi)江二診)—Im going to the post office. Do you have anything ________？ —No, thanks. A．posting B．to post C．to be posted D．to have posted 答案　C　[由Im going to the post office可知是詢問對方是否有東西需要郵寄(是尚未發(fā)生的動作)，故用不定式作定語，且post與anything之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故選C項。] 4．(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)量檢測三)Not until he went abroad for further study ________ how attached he was to his parents. A．that the realized B．had he realized C．did he realize D．that he had realized 答案　C　[考查倒裝和時態(tài)。句意：直到去國外深造他才意識到他有多么依戀父母。當not until位于句首時，句子要倒裝，另外，根據(jù)句中的“went”和“was”可知，此處應用一般過去時。故選C。] Ⅳ.單句改錯 1．The weather discouraged most people attending________. 2．He is always the first one of get to school.________. 答案　1.people后面加from　2.of―→to [單 元 語 法] 復習主語和動詞 1．(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)合考試)Every time we stay together, ________ I hear from him is always inspiring stories. A．what B．that C．when D．whether 答案　A　[考查主語從句。句意：每次我們待在一起，我從他那里聽到的總是鼓舞人心的故事。what引導主語從句且在從句中作hear的賓語。] 2．Large amounts of money ________ spent on the magnificent building, but the poor ________ not allowed to have a single room. A．was; were B．were; were C．was; was D．were; was 答案　B　[amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞與amounts保持一致，因此用復數(shù)。the poor是“the＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一類人，其作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)。故選B。] 3．(xx南充一診)—How should I deal with this old puter? —________ it to whoever is in need. A．Send B．Sent C．To send D．Sending 答案　A　[考查祈使句。由上句可知，說話者在問對方的意見，對方直接給予了命令或建議：把舊電腦送給需要它的人。所以答語實際上是一個祈使句，故用動詞原形。] 4．(xx福建三明高三聯(lián)考)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes ________ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred. A．has been B．have been C．is being D．a(chǎn)re being 答案　A　[考查主謂一致。本句的主語是Some necessary equipment，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。時間狀語為“since＋一般過去時”，所以應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。]